Die polities-geografiese ontwikkeling van Transkei vanaf 1913 tot 1976
| dc.contributor.advisor | Els, W. C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Prinsloo, Helena Jacoba | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-05-17T07:48:32Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-05-17T07:48:32Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 1990-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | English: The political geographical independence of Transkei in 1976 was the outcome and culmination of the evolutionary interaction between territory, systems of government and subjects ("people") over a span of more than three centuries. During this political-geographical evolution of the subordinate (Transkei), the South African Government acted as dominant actor which itself traversed a period of political-geographical interaction and emancipation of territory, systems of government and subjects. To·peacefully accommodate non-assimilatory and clashing cultures (Western vs Third World) in one restricted, delimited space (later the Republic of South Africa) a unique strategy of spatial organization, viz of spatial subdivision, and almost total to total political segregation has been put to the test and brought into practice by the dominant actor(s), Holland, Britain, South Africa, for more than three centuries. Especially during the twentieth century it has become all the more clear to the South African Government(s), as the dominant actor, that this strategy could presumably be the best of several political models to solve the otherwise forced space sharing by cultures of different, adversative and sometimes implacable social, economic, perceptional, but especially political aspirations and saturation levels. The political-geographical strategies applied by the different South African Governments during the twentieth century in an evolutionary fashion, developed the. Transkei from an adjusted tribal control (amongst others the Bunga system), through directed but culture-adjusted separate development (a people develops at its own pace, according to its own norms, urges, needs and perceptions to its own political geographical goals in its own territory), through absolute territorial separation and territorial consolidation with self-government, to a type of tribal-adjusted democratic independence. To accomplish these strategies, namely political, economic, social, educational and gradual emancipation processes were generated and manipulated to attain idealized government patterns and territorial consolidated spatial patterns. Internal acceptance by the subordinate actor (Transkei) of these superimposed strategies and processes gradually eased, resistance from within the Transkeian Territory crumbled, or was suppressed within and outside Transkei, or went underground. The selfgoverning Transkei took its own initiative to request total spatial disengagement and governmental independence from its once dominant actor. Transkei became independent on 26 October 1976. Two malevolent factors which detrimentally influencing international recognition (acceptance) of Transkeian independence were citizenship rights and the unyielding resistance. by the OAU and UN. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | Afrikaans: Die politiek-geografiese onafhanklikheid van Transkei in 1976 is die opbrengs en kulminasie van 'n evolusionêre interaksie tussen territorium, bestuurstelsels en onderdane (bevolking) oor die bestek van meer as drie eeue. In hierdie politiek-geografiese evolusie van die onderhorige akteur (Transkei), was die Suid- Afrikaanse Regering die dominante akteur wat self gedurende dié tydvak (soos deur hierdie studie oorspan) ook deur 'n politiekgeografiese interaksionêre ontwikkeling en ontvoogding van territorium, bestuurstelsels en bevolking gegaan het. Om onassimileerbare en botsende kulture (Westers vs Dêrdewêrelds) in een gegewe, begrensde ruimte (later die Republiek van Suid- Afrika) vreedsaam te akkommodeer is 'n besondere strategie van ruimtelike ordening, naamlik van ruimte-onderverdeling en byna volkome tot volkome politieke segregasie deur die dominante akteur(s), Holland, Brittanje, Suid-Afrika, vir meer as drie eeue beproef. Veral in die twintigste eeu het dit vir Suid-Afrika, as dominante akteur, algaande duideliker geword dat hierdie strategie waarskynlik die beste een van etlike staatkundige modelle kon wees om die andersins gedwonge ruimtedeling deur kulture met verskillende, teenstellende en soms onversoenbare sosiale, ekonomiese, persepsie-, maar veral politieke aspirasie- en versadigingsvlakke op te los. Die politiek-geografiese strategieë wat in die twintigste eeu deur verskillende Suid-Afrikaanse regerings gevolg was, het Transkei vanaf aangepaste stambeheer (waaronder stamstelsels en Bungastelsel), deur gerigte maar kultuur-aangepaste afsonderlike ontwikkeling (elke volk ontwikkel teen sy eie tempo volgens sy eie norme, drange, behoeftes, persepsies na sy eie politiek-geografiese doelwitte in sy eie gebied), deur absolute territoriale skeiding en gebiedskonsolidasie met selfregering, tot 'n tipe demokrasie met stamaangepaste onafhanklikheid laat ontwikkel. Om hierdie strategieë te verwenslik is politieke, ekonomiese, sosiale, opvoedings- en geleidelike ontvoogdingsprosesse gegenereer en gemanipuleer om geïdealiseerde bestuurspatrone en gekonsolideerde ruimtelike territoriumpatrone in en vir Transkei te laat realiseer. Interne aanvaarding deur die onderhorige akteur (Transkei) van hierdie gesuperponeerde strategieë en prosesse het metterwoon vergemaklik, weerstand binne die Transkei-territorium het verkrummel, of is binne en buite Transkei onderdruk, of het; ondergronds gegaan. Die selfregerende Transkei het eie inisiatief geneem om vir totale ruimtelike ontkoppeling en bestuursonafhanklikheid van sy eens dominante akteur te versoek. Transkei het op 26 Oktober 1976 onafhanklik geword. Twee meulstene wat internasionale erkenning van onafhanklikheid sou kortwiek, is burgerskapregte onversetlike teenstand deur en van die OAE en VN. | af |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Raad vir Geesteswetenskaplike Navorsing (RGN) | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11660/6249 | |
| dc.language.iso | af | af |
| dc.publisher | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Geopolitics -- Transkei | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Transkei -- Borders | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Political geography | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Dissertation (M.A. (Geography))--University of the Free State, 1990 | en_ZA |
| dc.title | Die polities-geografiese ontwikkeling van Transkei vanaf 1913 tot 1976 | af |
| dc.type | Dissertation | en_ZA |