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A leadership competence framework for sustainable development in the manufacturing industry in a developing country context: the bicycle metaphor
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024) Ruwanika ,Eliot Quinz Farai; Massyn ,Liezel
The article presents a leadership competence framework for sustainable development (LCFSD) contextualized to the United Nationsโ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to drive businesses to contribute to the achievement of these goals. A synthesis of metatheories and leadership theories produced a three-pillar draft leadership competence framework (LCF) that informed the field enquiry. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 executives (five CEOs; six executives; one former executive) in the beverage manufacturing industry in Zimbabwe using the snowball sampling technique. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. The results were incorporated in the development of a reconstructed LCF. Four experts validated the LCFSD, confirming its applicability and transferability; thus, their suggestions were incorporated. The outcome is a LCFSD depicted by a bicycle metaphor comprising five pillars, namely strategic competences (presencing, intergenerational systemic behaviour, reflexivity, stakeholder engagement, strategic awareness, sustainability thinking, knowledge of metrics of measurement, inclusivity skills, multiple leadership styles); core competences (social responsiveness, ecosystem thinking, self-leadership, knowledge of SDGs, innovative thinking); core values (ethical; caring for all, respect for all, doing the best for local communities, diplomacy, beliefs in sustainable development); collaborative competences (build diverse teams, partnering skills); and person-leader competencies (leadership competences at exercised at personal level).
Rethinking external environmental analysis for sustainable development: the case of a beverage manufacturing industry in a Southern African Country
(MDPI, 2024) Ruwanika, Eliot Quinz Farai; Massyn, Liezel
The advent of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda 2030 ushered in a new way of thinking about the forces that drive change in the business environment. Literature suggests that sustainable development is a megaforce driving change globally and envelops the traditional political, economic, social, technological, and ecological (PESTE) forces approach. This article reframes the external environmental analysis to integrate SDGs into the business strategy of a beverage manufacturing industry. A qualitative design using snowball sampling resulted in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews that were audio recorded. Interviews were held with eight executives, one former executive, and three non-executive staff from four companies of a southern African countryโs beverage manufacturing industry. The data exposed some ignorance on sustainable development. Many executives understood the importance of sustainable development without consensus on its exact nature and implementation in the organisational context. Thematic data analysis confirmed the relevance of sustainable development and the need to incorporate it in external environmental analysis. Categorising SDGs into a 5-P framework (people, prosperity, planet, peace, partnerships) and integrating it with the PESTE framework, the study provides a new approach/tool for external environmental analysis. This approach facilitates identification of SDGs that are relevant to business during strategic planning.
Gangbe in Badagry, Nigeria: Ogu womenโs performance practice, social status, and creative agency
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Kunnuji, Joseph
Before colonialism, Gbe women enjoyed a social status on par with men. However, there has been a shift in the postcolonial social structure of Gbe societies. Modern capitalism, which accompanied colonial structures, privileged men, eroding many woman-empowering practices. This article examines Ogu womenโs marginality through an ethnographic study of gangbe (a musical genre exclusive to married Ogu women). I argue that the sources of Ogu womenโs marginality are interlocking, involving oppression stemming from colonial structures and the values of contiguous Yorรนbรก people. I propose a collaborative intervention that upends typical power structures that privilege Western and Yorรนbรก ideation over Indigenous Ogu knowledge, values, and practices.
A support framework to facilitate social learning and integration skills of first-year undergraduate medical students
(South African Medical Association, 2024/07/31) Tlalajoe-Mokhatla, N.; van der Merwe, L. J.; Jama, M. P.
๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ด๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฑ. Limited research exists on medical studentsโ coping and adjustment skills, especially in the South African context. Stakeholders planning medical curricula need to be aware of emotional and communication skills that allow students to cope and adjust to stress associated with transitioning to medical studies.
๐ข๐ฏ๐ท๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ. To design a support framework to facilitate first-year undergraduate medical studentsโ social learning and integration skills.
๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ๐. This descriptive qualitative case study used multiple data collection methods, nominal group meetings and Delphi questionnaires to explore and understand undergraduate medical studentsโ challenges with social learning and integration factors. These insights were then used to develop the support framework.
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐น๐๐. The support framework articulates levels of engagement and actions required to address social learning and integrated factors, namely under- preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management, alienation and academic advice.
๐๐ผ๐ป๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป. Implementing the proposed support framework on social learning and integration could facilitate the successful transition of first-year undergraduate medical students from high school to university. This framework aids students in dealing with social learning and integrated factors, such as under-preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management and alienation as well as academic advice using contextualised and appropriate skills and tools.
A critical analysis of the inefficacy of court - Annexed Mediation (CAM) in South Africa โ Lessons from Nigeria
(University of the Free State, 2021) Muller, E. C.; Nel, C. L.
As a result of defects in the South African civil justice system, the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development introduced voluntary court-annexed mediation (CAM) in the magistratesโ courts in 2014. CAM was chosen under the broader need for greater access to justice because it has the potential to make dispute resolution efficient, amicable, and affordable. It can, therefore, contribute to access to justice for all members of society. Since the amendment of the Magistratesโ Court Rules to provide for CAM, the uptake of mediation in terms of the CAM system has unfortunately been inadequate. The aim of this article is to identify reasons for the inefficacy of CAM since its implementation. We use normative research to critically analyse existing court rules and authority. We conclude that there are several reasons for CAMโs inefficacy which are elucidated in the main text. It is important to understand these reasons, as the legislature presents CAM as a mechanism to improve access to justice. From this platform, we evaluate the mechanisms for court-connected alternative dispute resolutions provided by the Nigerian Multi-Door Courthouse (MDC) system. This reveals policies and practices that could potentially improve the efficacy of CAM in South Africa, as these relate to the factors identified as impediments to the optimal functioning of CAM in our civil justice system. As such, we identify valuable lessons that can be learned from this comparison. Building hereon, and on the conclusions reached elsewhere in the article, we postulate that the mediation scheme, as contemplated by Rule 41A of the Uniform Rules of Court (as applied in the superior courts), should also be implemented in the magistratesโ courts. The article concludes that improving CAM in South Africa is of critical importance to advancing access to justice and departing from a culture of conventional adversarial dispute resolution.
Accuracy of patient-specific I-131 dosimetry using hybrid whole-body planar-SPECT/CT I-123 and I-131 imaging
(SpringerOpen, 2024) Morphis, Michaella; van Staden, Johan A.; du Raan, Hanlie; Ljungberg, Michael; Sjรถgreen Gleisner, Katarina
๐ฃ๐๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ผ๐๐ฒ: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of patient-specific absorbed dose calculations for tumours and organs at risk in radiopharmaceutical therapy planning, utilizing hybrid planar-SPECT/CT imaging.
๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ต๐ผ๐ฑ๐: Three Monte Carlo (MC) simulated digital patient phantoms were created, with time-activity data for mIBG labelled to I-123 (LEHR and ME collimators) and I-131 (HE collimator). The study assessed the accuracy of the mean absorbed doses for I-131-mIBG therapy treatment planning. Multiple planar whole-body (WB) images were simulated (between 1 to 72 h post-injection (p.i)). The geometric-mean image of the anterior and posterior WB images was calculated, with scatter and attenuation corrections applied. Time-activity curves were created for regions of interest over the liver and two tumours (diameters: 3.0 cm and 5.0 cm) in the WB images. A corresponding SPECT study was simulated at 24 h p.i and reconstructed using the OS-EM algorithm, incorporating scatter, attenuation, collimator-detector response, septal scatter and penetration corrections. MC voxel-based absorbed dose rate calculations used two image sets, (i) the activity distribution represented by the SPECT images and (ii) the activity distribution from the SPECT images distributed uniformly within the volume of interest. Mean absorbed doses were calculated considering photon and charged particle emissions, and beta emissions only. True absorbed doses were calculated by MC voxel-based dosimetry of the known activity distributions for reference.
๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐น๐๐: Considering photon and charged particle emissions, mean absorbed dose accuracies across all three radionuclide-collimator combinations of 3.8โยฑโ5.5% and 0.1โยฑโ0.9% (liver), 5.2โยฑโ10.0% and 4.3โยฑโ1.7% (3.0 cm tumour) and 15.0โยฑโ5.8% and 2.6โยฑโ0.6% (5.0 cm tumour) were obtained for image set (i) and (ii) respectively. Considering charged particle emissions, accuracies of 2.7โยฑโ4.1% and 5.7โยฑโ0.7% (liver), 3.2โยฑโ10.2% and 9.1โยฑโ1.7% (3.0 cm tumour) and 13.6โยฑโ5.7% and 7.0โยฑโ0.6% (5.0 cm tumour) were obtained for image set (i) and (ii) respectively.
๐๐ผ๐ป๐ฐ๐น๐๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป: The hybrid WB planar-SPECT/CT method proved accurate for I-131-mIBG dosimetry, suggesting its potential for personalized treatment planning
Disposing of property upon death: contemplating the act of gestation performed with animus testandi versus a contractual disposition in terms of a valid ๐ฑ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ถ๐ค๐ค๐ฆ๐ด๐ฐ๐ณ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ
(University of the Free State, 2022) Faber, J. T.
While the fate of assets upon death is generally decided under the law of succession, it does not have to be. In addition to a valid will (testate succession), succession could also be governed by contract, in terms of a valid ๐ฑ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ถ๐ค๐ค๐ฆ๐ด๐ด๐ฐ๐ณ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ (currently either a ๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ต๐ช๐ฐ ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ต๐ช๐ด ๐ค๐ข๐ถ๐ด๐ข or an antenuptial contract containing succession clauses). (Intestate succession, although a third option, is put aside for present purposes.) Both testate and contractual succession require an expression of intention in the form of a legally recognised act. The dispositive act in these two instances shares certain features. In both, the act involves a disposition of property intended to apply upon death and is obligationary. The vesting of rights in both can also only occur upon death, while assets are transferred by the appointed executor who administers the estate. Yet the essence of the dispositive act renders these two forms of succession fundamentally different. Contractual succession, with an agreement as the dispositive act, operates under the law of contract. Since the disposition is contractual, it needs to comply with the requirements for a valid contract, with ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ต๐ณ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช as the defining form of intention. Testate succession is governed by the law of succession, with ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช being the required intention. ๐๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช turns the dispositive act into an act of testation, which, in turn, renders the document in which it is embodied a will. Although this distinction seems straightforward enough, South African law is yet to reflect it. This shortcoming results in legal uncertainty, which creates new challenges in light of the courtโs power of condonation. This article focuses on the different dispositive acts to shed light on the intention associated with each and, specifically, to clearly distinguish between ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ต๐ณ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช and ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช in a contractual disposition, and ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช. Ultimately, a clear distinction between the intentions will enable a better understanding of the applicable act of disposition. Admittedly, the intention will probably remain central in the event of uncertainty, and the surrounding circumstances will still be decisive in determining it. However, it is suggested that an added focus on the act โ assessing it in terms of its essence and associated form of intention โ will make for a considerably easier investigation than a sole focus on intention.
Die behoefte aan โn wyer artikel 2(3) van die Wet op Testamente 7 van 1953 (soos gewysig): โn Kritiese beskouing
(University of the Free State, 2004) Faber, J. T.; Rabie, P. J.
Die Hoogste Hof van Appรฉl se uitspraak in ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ท ๐๐ข๐ถ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐ฆ๐ฏ ๐๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ 2003(5) SA 173 (HHA) het die posisie aangaande die toepassing van artikel 2(3)van die ๐๐ฆ๐ต ๐ฐ๐ฑ ๐๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต๐ฆ 7 van 1953 (soos gewysig)ยน duidelik uiteengesit enalle onsekerheid uit die weg geruim.
Voor hierdie uitspraak het die interpretasie van artikel 2(3) totregsonsekerheid gelei.Die howe het twee benaderings โontwikkelโ, naamlikdie โengโ en โliberaleโ (โsoepelโ) benaderings.ยฒ In die ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ณ-๐ด๐ข๐ข๐ฌ het appรฉlregterOlivier beslis dat slegs die kondonasie van testamente wat persoonlik deurdie oorledeneยณ opgestel, geskryf, getik, tot stand gebring of verly is, toegelaatsal word. Alhoewel daar saamgestem word met regter Oliver se interpretasievan artikel 2(3) sal daar in hierdie skrywe gepoog word om die deur vir โnโwyerโ of โliberaleโ artikel 2(3) oop te maak.
Change to the age of majority: general impact and some consequences for the interpretation of wills
(University of the Free State, 2009) Faber, James Thomas; Janse van Vuren, Louis Theunis
On 1 July 2008, the age at which a person attains majority was lowered from 21 years to 18 years. Section 17 of the ๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ญ๐ฅ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฏโ๐ด ๐๐ค๐ต stipulates that: โA child, whether male or female, becomes a major upon reaching the age of 18 years.โ This change is consistent with the Constitution,ยน which defines a child as a person under the age of 18 years.ยฒ The department of social development motivated this change as follows:
๐๐ฆ๐ต๐ธ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฏ 18 ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ 21 ๐บ๐ฐ๐ถโ๐ณ๐ฆ ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ช๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ข ๐ค๐ฉ๐ช๐ญ๐ฅ ๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ณ ๐ข๐ฏ ๐ข๐ฅ๐ถ๐ญ๐ต. ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ญ๐ฅ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฏโ๐ด ๐๐ค๐ต ๐ฐ๐ง 2005 ๐ค๐ญ๐ข๐ณ๐ช๐ง๐ช๐ฆ๐ด ๐ต๐ฉ๐ข๐ต ๐จ๐ณ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ข๐ณ๐ฆ๐ข ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐ณ๐ช๐ฏ๐จ๐ด [๐ช๐ต] ๐ช๐ฏ ๐ญ๐ช๐ฏ๐ฆ ๐ธ๐ช๐ต๐ฉ ๐ด๐ฆ๐ค๐ต๐ช๐ฐ๐ฏ 28(3) ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ด๐ต๐ช๐ต๐ถ๐ต๐ช๐ฐ๐ฏ. ๐๐ฐ๐ธ ๐ข๐ฏ๐บ ๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ด๐ฐ๐ฏ ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ 18, ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ญ๐ฆ๐ด๐ด ๐ฎ๐ข๐ณ๐ณ๐ช๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐ฐ๐ณ ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ช๐ฑ๐ข๐ต๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐บ ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ค๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณ๐ต, ๐ช๐ด ๐ข ๐ค๐ฉ๐ช๐ญ๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฏ๐บ ๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ด๐ฐ๐ฏ ๐ฐ๐ท๐ฆ๐ณ 18 ๐ช๐ด ๐ข๐ฏ ๐ข๐ฅ๐ถ๐ญ๐ต.ยณ
The obvious consequence of this change is that 18-year-olds will now be able to enter into contracts, get married, vote and/or even emigrate without their parentsโ permission. However, this change is not without shortcomings. Young adolescents between 18 and 21 years of age are thereby deprived of the protection afforded to them by law,โโด while there are still limitations based on age excluding them from certain juristic acts.โต This change also created discrepancies in the South African legal system regarding age as a factor influencing a personโs status. In terms of a โspecial trustโ, an 18-year-old is afforded protection because of his age, but in terms of a โbewind trustโ, that same 18-year-old has the capacity to terminate the โprotectionโ created for him, on the basis of his newly acquired majority status.โถ Such contradictions affect legislation and cause legal uncertainty. Some of the consequences relevant to the law of succession and the administration of estates will be discussed in this article.
The role of thickness on the structural and luminescence properties of YโOโ:Hoยณโบ, Ybยณโบ upconversion films
(Nature Research, 2024) Makumbane, Vhahangwele; Kroon, Robin E.; Yagoub, Mubarak Y. A.; Erasmus, Lucas J. B.; Coetsee, E.; Swart, Hendrik C.
The structural, surface, and upconversion (UC) luminescence properties of YโOโ:Hoยณโบ,Ybยณโบ films grown by pulsed laser deposition, for different numbers of laser pulses, were studied. The crystallinity, surface, and UC luminescence properties of the thin films were found to be highly dependent on the number of laser pulses. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis revealed that YโOโ:Hoยณโบ,Ybยณโบ films were formed in a cubic structure phase with an Ia ฬ
3 space group. The thicknesses of the films were estimated by using cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, depth profiles using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the Swanepoel method. The high-resolution XPS was used to determine the chemical composition and oxidation states of the prepared films. The UC emissions were observed at 538, 550, 666, and 756 nm, assigned to the โตFโโโโโตIโ, โตSโโโโโตIโ, โตFโ
โโโโตIโ, and โตSโโโโโตIโ transitions of the Hoยณโบ ions. The power dependence measurements confirmed the involvement of a two-photon process in the UC process. The color purity estimated from the Commission International de IโEclairage coordinates confirmed strong green UC emission. The results suggested that the YโOโ:Hoยณโบ,Ybยณโบ UC transparent films are good candidates for various applications, including solar cell applications.