Die voorspelling van die akademiese prestasie van alternatiewelik toegelate studente

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Date
1999-11
Authors
Van der Westhuizen, Stephan
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Several considerations in post-apartheid South Africa compel historically white universities in particular, to admit more black students. Because of inequalities in the education system, the majority of black students have not been given an equitable opportunity to prepare for university studies. As academic failure can lead to large-scale financial and personal losses, it is essential to maximise these students' chances for academic success. Universities try to achieve the latter objective by employing two strategies. Firstly, selection methods are used to admit only those educationally disadvantaged applicants with sufficient prospects for academic success. Secondly, bridging and support programmes are implemented in an attempt to eliminate the academic drawback of educationally disadvantaged students. In view of the above, the University of the Orange Free State (UOFS) has created alternative admission channels for educationally disadvantaged students. For example, in some cases students with matriculation exemption, but lacking the minimum prescribed matriculation performance, are admitted conditionally to the university on the basis of a psychometric evaluation and a counselling interview. In the current study these students were referred to as discretionarily admitted students. The support interventions for such discretionary admissions in their first year are less intensive than an extensive bridging programme. Doubt exists about the validity of traditional predictors (Le. matriculation performance and aptitude tests) for predicting academic performance of educationally disadvantaged students. Noncognitive predictors may be more valid in this regard. However, South African research on both the prediction of the academic performance of educationally disadvantaged students and the effectiveness of academic bridging and support programmes is limited. The research results that are available, produce contradictory findings. In the first place this dissertation dealt with the prediction of academic performance of discretionarily admitted students on the basis of their matriculation performance, scholastic aptitude, English reading understanding, personality traits, interests, faculty of registration, gender and age. Secondly, the effectiveness of the interventions to improve their academic performance was studied. The first research question was studied by combining all the predictors simultaneously in a standard multiple regression equation. Apart from the interest field of sociability, none of the predictors (that is, including the traditional predictors) correlated statistically significantly (at the 5% level) with the first-year performance of discretionary admissions. The value of the multiple correlation coefficient (R = 0.58) however did not deviate so much from the (simple) correlations found typically between the matriculation and university performance of educationally non-disadvantaged students. In spite of the shortcomings of this study, it would appear that the use of traditional predictors for selection decisions on discretionarily admitted students are under suspicion. The sociability score of these students apparently do have prediction value. The second research question was studied by comparing the university performance of discretionary admissions with the performance of a group of directly admitted black students as well as two other groups of alternatively admitted black students. This was done by means of co-variance analyses (on the basis of hierarchical multiple regression analyses) of academic performance in the first, second and third years of study in which matriculation performance was controlled as co-variant. In all three years of study, group membership explained significant amounts of the variance in university performance in addition to the variance already explained by matriculation performance. The results of this study therefore suggest that after differences in previous academic performance was taken into account statistically, the support interventions that discretionary admissions are subjected to might be effective, but not for all such students, particularly not in the second and third year
Afrikaans: Verskeie oorwegings in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika noodsaak veral histories wit universiteite om meer swart studente toe te laat. Weens ongelykhede in die onderwysstelsel is die meerderheid swart studente nie 'n billike kans gegun om hulself vir universiteitstudie voor te berei nie. Aangesien akademiese mislukking tot grootskaalse finansiële en persoonlike verliese kan lei, is dit noodsaaklik om hierdie studente se kanse op akademiese sukses te maksimaliseer. Universiteite poog om laasgenoemde doelwit te bereik deur van twee strategieë gebruik te maak. Eerstens word keuringsmetodes aangewend om slegs dié onderwysbenadeelde aansoekers met voldoende kanse op akademiese sukses toe te laat. Tweedens word oorbruggings- en ondersteuningsprogramme geïmplementeer in 'n poging om die akademiese agterstande van onderwysbenadeelde studente op te hef. In die lig van die bogenoemde feite, het die Universiteit van die Oranje- Vrystaat (UOVS) alternatiewe toelatingskanale vir onderwysbenadeelde studente geskep. So byvoorbeeld word studente met matrikulasievrystelling, maar sonder die minimum voorgeskrewe matriekprestasie, in sommige gevalle op grond van 'n psigometriese evaluering en 'n voorligtingsonderhoud voorwaardelik tot die universiteit toegelaat. In die onderhawige ondersoek is na hierdie studente as diskresionêr-toege/ate studente verwys. Die ondersteuningsingrepe vir diskresionêr-toegelate studente in hul eerste jaar is minder intensief as 'n omvattende oorbruggingsprogram. Twyfel bestaan oor die geldigheid van tradisionele voorspellers (d.i. matriekprestasie en aanlegtoetstellings) vir die voorspelling van die akademiese prestasie van onderwysbenadeelde studente. Nie-kognitiewe voorspellers mag in dié verband dalk meer geldig wees. Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing aangaande sowel die voorspelling van die akademiese prestasie van onderwysbenadeelde studente as die doeltreffendheid van akademiese oorbruggings- en ondersteuningsprogramme is egter beperk. Die navorsingsresultate wat wel beskikbaar is, lewer nie eenvormige bevindings op nie. Hierdie verhandeling het eerstens oor die voorspelling van die akademiese prestasie van diskresionêr-toegelate studente op grond van hul matriekprestasie, skolastiese aanleg, Engelse leesbegrip, persoonlikheidstrekke, belangstelling, fakulteit van registrasie, geslag en ouderdom gehandel. Tweedens is die doeltreffendheid van die ingrepe om hul akademiese prestasie te verbeter, ondersoek. Die eerste navorsingsvraag is ondersoek deur al die voorspellers gelykertyd tot 'n standaard meervoudige regressievergelyking te voeg. Naas die belangstellingsveld geselligheid het geeneen van die voorspellers (d.w.s die tradisionele voorspellers ingesluit) statisties beduidend (op die 5%-peil) met die eerstejaarsprestasie van diskresionêre toelatings gekorreleer nie. Die waarde van die meervoudige korrelasiekoëffisiënt (R = 0.58) het egter nie so ver van die (enkelvoudige) korrelasies wat tipies tussen die matriek- en universiteitsprestasie van nie-onderwysbenadeelde studente gevind word, afgewyk nie. Ten spyte van die tekortkominge in hierdie ondersoek wil dit lyk asof die gebruik van tradisionele voorspellers vir keuringsbesluite oor diskrêsioner-toegelate studente onder verdenking is. Die geselligheidstelling van hierdie studente het klaarblyklik voorspellingswaarde. Die tweede navorsingsvraag is ondersoek deur die universiteitsprestasie van diskresionêre toelatings te vergelyk met die prestasie van 'n groep regstreeks toegelate swart studente, asook twee ander groepe alternatiewelik toegelate swart studente. Dit is gedoen deur middel van kovariansieontledings (aan die hand van hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontledings) op akademiese prestasie in die eerste, tweede en derde studiejare, waarin matriekprestasie as kovariant beheer is. In al drie studiejare het groeplidmaatskap beduidende hoeveelhede van die variansie in universiteitsprestasie verklaar, bykomend tot die variansie wat reeds deur matriekprestasie verklaar is. Tussengroepvergelykings suggereer dat ná verskille in vorige akademiese prestasie statisties in ag geneem is, die ondersteuningsingrepe waaraan diskresionêre toelatings onderworpe is wel doeltreffend mag wees, maar nie vir al sodanige studente nie, veral nie in die tweede en derde jaar nie.
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Keywords
Academic achievement -- South Africa, College freshmen -- South Africa, Prediction of scholastic success -- South Africa, Dissertation ((M.Soc.Sc. (Psychology))--University of the Free State, 1999
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