Die verband tussen kreatiewe denke en psigologiese weerbaarheid by kinders in hulle laat middelkinderjare

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Date
2001-01
Authors
Ebersohn, Henk
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The object of this study was to establish if there is correlation between creativity and resilience in children in their middle childhood. Previously research focussed on the pathogenic characteristics of human beings. A new field in the social sciences has begun to focus on human strengths. This field has given birth to terms like resilience. Children who show the ability to perform well in stressful situations shows signs of resilience. Resilient characteristics include internal personal strengths, social interpersonal strengths and external strengths. Creativity could be included in internal personal strengths of resilient children. Creative thought is commonly seen in creative problem solving. Creativity includes the person, process, product and environment of creativity. A creative person shows a combination of creative characteristics. The creative product has fluency, originality, sensitivity and plasticity as qualities. Creative environments includes the field, domain and person. These aspects are in constant interaction, and are essential for creativity. A variety of models and components of the creative process has been developed. The sample consisted of 517 children, with 376 being white and 141 black children. Children in their middle childhood were randomly selected from schools in Gauteng, Kwazulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West and Freestate provinces to partake in this study. Pearson's product moment correlation coeffiecent was used to establish the correlation between creativity and resilience. Fishers r- Z- transformation was used to determine if there was any difference in correlation between black and white children. The following results were found. A correlation was found between characteristics of resilience and creativity. The characteristics found were dominance, tendermindedness, irritability and self-control. A high creativity score correlated to fewer occurrences of symptoms of attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific and social phobia disorders, vocal tics, major depression disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. A difference in correlation in personality and specific phobia between black and white children was found.
Afrikaans: Die doel van die studie is om te bepaal of daar by kinders in hulle laat middelkinderjare 'n verband bestaan tussen kreatiewe denke en psigologiese weerbaarheid. Voorheen is navorsing gefokus op die patogeniese eienskappe van die mens. 'n Nuwe tendens het egter te voorskyn getree deurdat navorsing nou fokus op die sterktes van die mens. Uit hierdie veranderde oogpunt het terme soos "psigofortologie" en "psigologiese weerbaarheid" voortgespruit. Kinders wat in stresvolle omstandighede steeds goed presteer, is gewoonlik dié met eienskappe van psigologiese weerbaarheid. Hierdie eienskappe sluit persoonlike innerlike sterktes, sosiale interpersoonlike sterktes en eksterne ondersteuning in. Die aanname word gemaak dat kreatiewe denke een van die innerlike persoonlike eienskappe van kinders met psigologiese weerbaarheidseienskappe is. Kreatiewe denke word veral waargeneem in kreatiewe probleemoplossing. Kreatiwiteit word in die lig van die persoon, proses, produk en omgewing gesien. Verskeie eienskappe vorm deel van 'n kreatiewe persoon en dit is 'n kombinasie hiervan wat kreatiwiteit tot gevolg het. Die kreatiewe produk besit sekere kwaliteite soos vloeiendheid, plastisiteit, oorspronklikheid en sensitiwiteit. Hierdie kwaliteite as geheel word as divergente denke beskou. Die kreatiewe omgewing sluit die persoon, veld en domein van kreatiwiteit in. Hierdie aspekte is voortdurend in interaksie met mekaar en is essensieel vir kreatiwiteit, omdat geen kreatiwiteit daarsonder kan plaasvind nie. Daar bestaan verskeie modelle om die kreatiwiteitsproses mee te verklaar. Kennisontwikkeling, spesifieke vermoëns, eksteme kognitiewe komponente en meta-kognitiewe komponente is as komponente vir die kreatiwiteitsproses geïdentifiseer. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 517 proefpersone van wie 376 wit en 141 swart was. Daar is gebruik gemaak van kinders in hulle middelkinderjare van skole uit onderskeidelik Gauteng, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Noordwes en die Vrystaat provinsies. Die proefpersone is verkry deur middel van 'n ewekansige steekproef van hoofsaaklik wit en swart kinders. Pearson se produkmomentkorrelasiekoëffisiënt (r) is gebruik om te bepaal of daar verbande voorkom tussen kreatiwiteit- en psigologieseweerbaarheidsveranderlikes. Om te bepaal of daar 'n verskil tussen verbande vir die wit en swart kinders voorkom, is Fisher se r- tot Z- transformasie gebruik. Die belangrikste bevindinge is die volgende: Daar bestaan wel 'n verband tussen kreatiwiteit en enkele eienskappe van psigologiese weerbaarheid soos dominansie, teerhartigheid, selfbeheersinq, meer intelligensie, na buite lewendheid en prikkelbaarheid. Verder dui 'n hoë kreatiwiteittelling op 'n groter afwesigheid van simptome van die volgende versteurings: aandag-tekort-hiperaktiwiteit, gedragsversteuring, veralgemene angs, spesifieke fobie, obsessief kompulsief, motoriese en vokale sametrekkings, major depressie, sosiale fobie asook skeidingangs. Daar is wel 'n verskil gevind tussen die verbande vir wit en swart kinders met betrekking tot persoonlikheid en spesifieke fobie versteuring.
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Creative thinking in children, Resilience (Personality trait) in children, Dissertation (M.Sc. (Psychology))--University of the Free State, 2001
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