China and India’s foreign policy interests in Africa: partners in development or national self-interest?
| dc.contributor.advisor | Neethling, T. G. | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Schoeman, P. A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Du Plessis, Ambrosé Ray | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2015-08-17T13:15:17Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2015-08-17T13:15:17Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2015-02-02 | |
| dc.description.abstract | English: This study explores whether the relationship which China and India forged with Africa on their own terms, is mutually beneficial or whether it is selfish, one-sided and therefore largely beneficial to Chinese and Indian interests respectively. The study descriptively analyses China and India‘s foreign policies towards Africa in order to determine whether it is a case of national self-interest or partners in development. The research also makes use of the comparative method, by comparing China and India‘s respective modus operandi in Africa. China and India‘s foreign policies are scrutinised with regard to their agencies, structural design and implementation. There are two schools of thought on the motives for China and India‘s presence in Africa. On the one hand is a discourse arguing that both China and India are seeking ways to forge mutually beneficial partnerships with Africa. On the other, is a second school of thought that argues China and India‘s relationship with the continent is primarily self-serving and that they are simply seeking to exploit Africa, for its natural resources. The study explores the conceptual framework, which consists of three key concepts namely foreign policy, national interest and partners in development. These concepts were then linked to China-Africa and India-Africa relations. The investigation found that foreign policy theories are linked to the behaviour of the actors that make and implement it. In other words, theory informs practice, although not in systematic manner as outlined in the various theories. The study also examined both China and India‘s domestic needs and challenges as inputs in their respective foreign policy processes (formulation and execution). Looking inwards allowed the study to make more sense and work towards a deeper understanding of both China and India‘s foreign policies, respectively. Therefore, China and India‘s foreign policy actions in Africa are based on their domestic considerations. This is especially true as far as China and India‘s domestic development ―models‖ are concerned. Both China and India have institutionalised their contemporary relationship with Africa in the form of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the African-India Forum Summit (AIFS), respectively. Moreover, China and India‘s aid allocations have come to play an integral part in their relations with Africa. Apart from multilateralism, the study also examined China and India‘s bilateral relations with specific African countries, in order to determine whether their relationship can be associated with partners in development or national self-interest. The study concludes that both China and India‘s foreign policy interest in Africa displays elements of both a strategic partnership and national self-interest. Operating in China‘s shadow, has afforded New Delhi the opportunity to prioritise its national self-interest in Africa. As a result, India has been more aggressive in securing its national self-interests in Africa. In conclusion both schools of thought (national self-interest and partners in development) could be validated. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | Afrikaans: Die studie ondersoek die vraag of die verhouding wat China en Indië elk op eie terme met Afrika gesmee het, wedersyds voordelig was en of dit selfsugtig, eensydig en daarom grootliks selfbevoordelend was van China en Indië se onderskeie belange. Die studie bied ʼn beskrywende analise van China en Indië se onderskeie buitelandse beleid teenoor Afrika ten einde te bepaal of dit as ʼn aangeleentheid van nasionale eiebelang of as ʼn vennootskap in ontwikkeling beskou kan word. In die navorsing is ook gebruik gemaak van vergelykende metodes, waardeur China en Indië se werkswyses in Afrika met mekaar vergelyk is. China en Indië se buitelandse beleid is bestudeer op grond van hul werksaamhede, strukturele ontwerp en toepassings. Daar is twee denkskole oor die motiewe vir China en Indië‘ se teenwoordigheid in Afrika. Aan die eenkant is dit ʼn diskoers waarin geredeneer word dat beide China en Indië ten doel het om wedersyds voordelige vennootskappe met Afrika tot stand te bring; aan die anderkant is die argument dat China en Indië se verhouding met die kontinent hoofsaaklik selfsugtig is en dat hul bloot Afrika wil eksploiteer vir sy natuurlike hulpbronne. Die studie verken die konseptuele raamwerk, wat uit drie sleutelbegrippe bestaan, t.w. buitelandse beleid, nasionale belang en vennote in ontwikkeling. Hierdie konsepte word dan in verband geplaas in die China-Afrika- en Indië-Afrika-verhoudings. Die ondersoek het bevind dat die teorieë oor buitelandse beleid gekoppel kan word met die optrede van die beleidsmakers en -toepassers. Met ander woorde, teorie word voorgelig deur die praktyk, hoewel nie op ʼn sistematiese wyse soos uiteengesit in die onderskeie teorieë nie. Die studie het ook die huishoudelike behoeftes en uitdagings van beide China en Indië ondersoek as insette vir die formulering en uitvoering van buitelandse beleidsprosesse. Deur die blik ook na binne te rig, was verhelderend en het bygedra tot ʼn beter begrip van beide China en Indië se onderskeie buitelandse beleide. Dit het derhalwe duidelik geword dat China en Indië se buitelandse beleidsoptrede in Afrika op huishoudelike oorwegings geskoei is. Dit kom veral na vore in beide China en Indië se huishoudelike ―ontwikkelingsmodelle‖. Beide China en Indië het hul eietydse verhoudings met Afrika geïnstitusionaliseer, respektiewelik deur die Forum vir China- Afrika Samewerking (FOCAC) en die Spitsberaad vir die Afrika-Indië Forum (AIFS). Terselfdertyd het China en Indië se hulpverlening ʼn integrale rol begin speel in hul verhoudings met Afrika. Die studie het, afgesien van die ondersoek na multilaterale verhoudings ook China en Indië se bilaterale verhoudings met spesifieke Afrikalande ondersoek om te bepaal of hierdie verhoudinge geassosieer kan word ontwikkelingsvennootskappe of met nasionale eiebelang. Die studie het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat China en Indië se buitelandse beleid en belange in Afrika albei elemente van beide ʼn strategiese vennootskap sowel as nasionale eiebelang huisves. Deur telkens in China se skaduwee te opereer, het aan New-Delhi die geleentheid gebied om sy nasionale eiebelang in Afrika voorop te stel. As uitvloeisel daarvan kon Indië meer aggressief optree om sy eiebelang in Afrika te vestig. In die finale analise, kan die geldigheid van beide denkskole (nasionale eiebelang en vennote in ontwikkeling) bevestig word. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11660/893 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Dissertation (M. A. (Political Studies and Governance))--University of the Free State, 2015 | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | China | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Foreign policy | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | India | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Aid | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | National Interest | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Angola | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Nigeria | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Sudan | en_ZA |
| dc.title | China and India’s foreign policy interests in Africa: partners in development or national self-interest? | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Dissertation | en_ZA |