The development of a groundwater closure and rehabilitation plan in a typical gold mine environment

English: The generation of waste material associated with Gold Mining is a known fact. Research on these waste materials has currently expanded worldwide in an attempt to scientifically characterise and understand their interaction with the natural environment. These materials contain certain amounts of sulphide minerals and other harmful substances, associated with the exploited ore bodies and the beneficiation processes. It is even more important to understand certain impacts and to develop a logical approach to assess the impacts on receiving water bodies, towards mine. The increase in awareness of environmental issues and a desire for a cleaner environment by the public has caused gold mining companies to place greater emphasis on the continuous rehabilitation of deleterious effects caused by mining operations. Ongoing rehabilitation is also a requirement of the Government Departments involved in mining in South Africa. The biggest concern for the relevant Government Departments is the possible uncontrolled pollution of water resources in the vicinity of these mines, after they have closed. Investigations have shown that receiving water bodies, which mainly include rivers, streams, and the more complicated geohydrological system, are part of the primary end-receivers of harmful contaminants from identified waste bodies. The need for a cost effective method to assess site hydrology and geohydrology, to understand the associated legal responsibility of contaminated streams and aquifers, is recognised. In the compilation of this thesis, the unique nature of the South African situation has been considered - this refers to a legally acceptable approach towards current legislation and policies. Throughout this document, the emphasis falls on what can reasonably be achieved, without compromising on information that would lead to early detection of water pollution. This study leads to the construction of a logical approach towards mine closure specifically in the field of groundwater assessments. The final product of this approach should ultimately give more clarity on: • The principles followed to identify objectives for mine closure and groundwater assessment, • The adopted philosophy of mine closure as a geohydrological concept. Key words like; 'rules of the game', 'key uncertainties', 'options' and' decisions' were highlighted. • Key steps to follow when assessing site geohydrology and to determine related impacts and risks, • Overview of methods that could be used for the mitigation of polluted aquifers and a brief site-specific application. The key deliverable is therefore focussed on methods to scientifically assess 'sources', 'receivers' and 'options'. Ultimately this process has led to the development of a logical approach towards mine closure for groundwater assessment and remediation in a typical gold mine environment.