Moedertaalonderrig as moderator by die verband tussen intelligensiekwosiënt en akademiese prestasie

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Date
2003-11
Authors
Louwrens, Louise
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The primary purpose of this research was to determine what role mother-tongue teaching plays in the relationship between intelligence and academic performance. At present, English enjoys both national and international status, and as a result of this, this language is sometimes the only language in which the majority of South Africans want their children educated. Parents believe that their children need to have a command of English in order to be able to cope with international demands that they may be faced with in the future and that skill in the English language will offer their children access to training, work opportunities and economic freedom. The teaching language in our schools is a matter of great concern as well as a source of conflict between different language groups. Internationally it is accepted that mother-tongue teaching is the most effective form of teaching. The Constitution also stipulates that every person is entitled to receive teaching in the language of his choice, where this is practicable. Researchers recommend that a learner should use his mother tongue as medium of education from the commencement of the school career and that this should continue for as long as it is practically possible. Mother-tongue teaching would then at least be present during the commencement phase of the school career. In the light of all of the above, the purpose of this study was to determine whether learners who are taught in their mother tongue perform better academically than those who receive teaching in their second language. Intelligence is a factor that could have an effect upon the latter. During this study the emphasis was therefore mainly placed on the relationship between academic performance and intelligence. Academic performance is usually expressed as a percentage and in the school it is expected that learners with a high intelligence also attain high achievements. Although there are several factors that play a role in academic performance, intellectual ability is the single most important contributing factor in academic performance. Language, however, plays an important role in the intellectual development of the child. The literature indicates a close relationship between language and thoughts. Language and intelligence are inter-dependent. A learner�s verbal ability is mainly developed by his verbal assimilation, because concepts are taught to the learner through his verbal comprehension. Therefore, the better his verbal comprehension, the better he will conceptualise and the better he will use his abilities. If a learner experiences language problems, this will have a direct influence on his abilities. With regard to this latter statement, the assumption can be made that if a learner experiences problems in the second language it will negatively influence his abilities and more specifically his academic performance. The research group for this study consisted of 138 Grade 2 learners (from schools in Bloemfontein). All of the Grade 2 learners from these two schools were involved, but for various reasons not everyone took part in the research project. The selection of the schools was done on the grounds of the teaching language used and the distribution of non-mother-tongue speakers in these schools. The intelligence of the learners was determined by means of the Group Test for seven to eight-year-olds. Their academic performance was determined by the latest results in Literacy and Numeracy and the average percentage of these two subjects was used as an indication of the average academic performance of the learners. The results indicated that mother-tongue teaching was certainly a moderator in the relationship between intelligence and academic performance of the Grade 2 learners in the study. The learners who received mother-tongue teaching tended to perform better academically than those who did not receive mother-tongue teaching. These results were confirmed by the literature and indicate that learners succeed up to 6% better when taught in their mother tongue. The results of the study show that parents should be careful if they wish to have their children taught in a second language in the commencement phase of education. Key words: Mother-tongue teaching, second language teaching, commencement phase of education, intelligence, academic performance.
Afrikaans: Die primêre doelstelling van die navorsing is om te bepaal wat die rol van moedertaalonderrig by die verband tussen intelligensie en akademiese prestasie is. Engels geniet tans nasionale en internasionale status en as gevolg hiervan is dit soms die enigste taal waarin die meerderheid van Suid-Afrikaanse ouers hul kinders wil laat onderrig. Ouers glo dat hul kinders Engels magtig moet wees ten einde aan die internasionale eise te kan voldoen wat in die toekoms aan hulle gestel gaan word en dat vaardigheid in Engels aan hul kinders toegang tot opleiding, werksgeleenthede en ekonomiese vryheid bied. Die taal van onderrig in ons skole is ’n saak van groot kommer en ’n bron van konflik tussen verskillende taalgroepe. Daar word internasionaal aanvaar dat moedertaalonderrig die mees effektiewe vorm van onderrig is. Die Grondwet bepaal ook dat elke persoon geregtig is om onderrig in die taal van sy keuse te ontvang, waar dit uitvoerbaar is. Navorsers beveel aan dat ’n leerder sy moedertaal as onderrigmedium kan gebruik vanaf die aanvang van skoolopleiding en dan moet dit voortduur vir so lank as wat dit prakties moontlik is. Dan is moedertaalonderrig ten minste teenwoordig by die aanvang van skoolopleiding. In die lig van al bogenoemde was die doel van hierdie studie om te bepaal of leerders wat in hul moedertaal onderrig word akademies beter presteer as dié wat in hul tweede taal onderrig word, nadat intelligensie as faktor in ag geneem is. Tydens hierdie studie is die klem dus hoofsaaklik geplaas op die verband tussen akademiese prestasie en intelligensie. Akademiese prestasie word gewoonlik uitgedruk in ’n persentasie en in die skool word verwag dat die leerders met ’n hoë intelligensie ook hoë prestasies sal behaal. Alhoewel daar verskeie faktore is wat ’n rol speel by akademiese prestasie is intellektuele vermoëns die grootste enkele bydraende faktor by akademiese prestasie. Taal speel egter ’n belangrike rol by die intellektuele ontwikkeling van die kind. Die literatuur wys op ’n noue verband tussen taal en denke. Dus is taal en intelligensie interafhanklik van mekaar. ’n Leerder se verbale vermoëns word hoofsaaklik deur sy verbale opname ontwikkel, omdat konsepte aan die leerder geleer word deur middel van sy verbale begrip. Dus, hoe beter sy verbale begrip is, hoe beter sal hy konseptualiseer en hoe beter kan hy sy vermoëns benut. Indien ’n leerder dus taalprobleme ondervind kan dit ’n direkte invloed op sy vermoëns uitoefen. Na aanleiding van laasgenoemde stelling kan die aanname gemaak word dat indien ’n leerder probleme in die tweede taal ondervind dit sy intellektuele vermoëns negatief sal beïnvloed en meer spesifiek sy akademiese prestasie. Die ondersoekgroep van die studie het uit 138 graad 2-leerders (vanuit skole in Bloemfontein) bestaan. Al die graad 2-leerders, vanuit hierdie twee skole is by die studie betrek, maar om verskeie redes het almal nie aan die navorsingsprojek deelgeneem nie. Die seleksie van die skole is gedoen op grond van die taal van onderrig wat aangebied word en die verspreiding van nie-moedertaalkinders in hierdie skole. Die leerders se intelligensie is bepaal deur middel van die Groeptoets vir sewe- en agtjariges. Hulle akademiese prestasie is bepaal deur die jongste resultate van Geletterdheid en Gesyferdheid en hierdie twee vakke se gemiddelde persentasie is dan gebruik as aanduiding van die leerders se gemiddelde akademiese prestasie. Die resultate toon aan dat moedertaalonderrig wel as ’n moderator in die verband tussen intelligensie en akademiese prestasie van die graad 2-seuns sowel as dogters in die ondersoek geïdentifiseer is. Die leerders wat moedertaalonderrig ontvang neig om akademies beter te presteer as dié wat niemoedertaalonderrig ontvang. Hierdie resultate word deur die literatuur bevestig en toon aan dat leerders tot ses persent beter vaar wanneer hulle in hul moedertaal onderrig word. Die resultate van die studie toon aan dat ouers versigtig moet wees indien hulle hul kinders in die aanvangsfase van onderwys in ’n tweede taal wil laat onderrig.
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Keywords
Dissertation (M.Soc.Sc. (Clinical Psychology))--University of the Free State, 2003, Intelligence levels -- South Africa, Academic achievement -- South Africa, Native language and education -- South Africa, Mother-tongue teaching, Commencement phase of education, Second language teaching, Academic performance
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