Die verband tussen tydsperspektief en MIV/Vigs-risiko onder universiteitsstudente

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Date
2003-11
Authors
Erasmus, Marliaan
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: This study was undertaken to investigate and establish the relation between time-perspective (present and future time-perspective) and HIV/Aids risk for divergent cultures (black and white) and gender groups (male and female) among university students. In order to be able to determine these aspects, HIV/Aids risk was measured in terms of students’ a) attitudes towards the prevention of HIV/Aids (anti-precaution, fatalistic approach, abrogation of responsibility and denial of risk); b) knowledge regarding the transmission of HIV/Aids; and c) risky sexual behaviour. With regard to time-perspective the extent to which an individual was present time oriented or future oriented, was determined. In order to establish whether substantial differences were evident in the mean time-perspective scores (future and present) as well as the HIV/Aids risk scores (behaviour, knowledge and attitude) of the four groups (white males, black males, white females, black females), a 2 x 2 ANOVA analysis was done. The correlation between the students’ level of present time-perspective with the components of HIV/Aids risk, and subsequently the level of future time-perspective with the components of HIV/Aids risk was then determined. The researcher also attempted to determine whether a significant difference existed in the relationship between the variables for males and females, as well as for black and white university students. The results indicated that male students show more resistance regarding the prevention of HIV/Aids than female students. Compared to the other three groups, white males displayed a higher tendency to deny HIV/Aids risk, and also showed a tendency to ignore their responsibility in terms of HIV/Aids-prevention. White females, compared to the other three groups, were less inclined to have a fatalistic attitude towards HIV/Aids. They also had more knowledge regarding the transmission of HIV/Aids than the other groups. White females were less inclined to practise risky sexual behaviour than black males and black females. The results of this study indicated that when students display a more developed future time-perspective, they were less prone to risky sexual behaviour, had more knowledge of HIV/Aids transmission, and had a more positive attitude towards the prevention of HIV/Aids. The results of the study indicated that a reverse relationship exists between future time-perspective and negative attitudes such as denial of risk, evasion of responsibility and fatalism regarding the prevention of HIV/Aids. The results indicated significant differences between male and female students for the respective cultures (black and white) that need to be taken into account when compiling a prevention programme for university students. Therefore it is essential that future time-perspective as an element of motivation must play a significant role in prevention programmes to reduce the risk of HIV/Aids infection in South Africa.
Afrikaans: Hierdie studie is onderneem om die verband tussen tydsperspektief (huidige- en toekomstydsperspektief) en MIV/Vigs-risiko vir verskillende kulture (swart en wit) en geslagsgroepe (mans en vroue) onder universiteitstudente te ondersoek en te bepaal. Ten einde hierdie aspekte te kan bepaal, is MIV/Vigs-risiko gemeet in terme van hul a) houdings teenoor MIV/Vigs-voorkoming ( teen-voorkoming, fatalisme, ophef van verantwoordelikheid en ontkenning van risiko), b) kennis rakende MIV/Vigs-transmissie, en c) seksueel riskante gedrag. Wat tydsperspektief betref is daar bepaal of ‘n persoon meer huidig- of meer toekomsgeoriënteerd is. Om te bepaal of daar beduidende verskille in die gemiddelde tydsperspektief-tellings (toekoms sowel as huidige), asook in die MIV/Vigs-risikotellings (gedrag, kennis en houding) van die vier groepe (wit mans, swart mans, wit vroue en swart vroue) voorkom, is ‘n 2 x 2 ANOVA-ontleding gedoen. Die korrelasie tussen onderskeidelik die mate van huidigetydsperspektief by die studente en die komponente van MIV/Vigs-risiko, en daarna die mate van toekomstydsperspektief met die komponente van MIV/Vigs-risiko by hulle, is daarna bepaal. Daar is ook gekyk of daar ‘n beduidende verskil in die verband tussen die veranderlikes vir die mans en vrouens, sowel as die wit en swart universiteitstudente voorkom. Uit die resultate kan daar afgelei word dat manstudente, in vergelyking met vrouestudente, meer teen die voorkoming van MIV/Vigs is. Wit mans het in vergelyking met die drie ander groepe, getoon dat hulle meer daartoe geneig is om die risiko vir MIV/Vigs te ontken en om hul verantwoordelikheid rakende MIV/Vigs-risiko op te hef. Wit vroue, in vergelyking met die drie ander groepe, is minder daartoe geneig om ‘n fatalistiese houding teenoor MIV/Vigs-risiko te openbaar. Hulle beskik ook oor meer kennis rakende MIV/Vigs-transmissie. Die wit vroue neem in vergelyking met swart vroue en mans minder deel aan seksueel riskante gedrag. Die resultate van hierdie navorsing het getoon dat, wanneer studente ‘n hoër toekomstydsperspektief het, hulle minder riskante seksuele gedrag openbaar, meer kennis oor MIV/Vigs-transmissie het, asook ‘n meer positiewe houding teenoor MIV/Vigs-voorkoming. Daar is dus ‘n omgekeerde verband tussen toekomstydsperspektief en negatiewe houdings soos die ontkenning van risiko, ontduiking van verantwoordelikheid en fatalisme jeens MIV/Vigs-voorkoming. Die resultate van die navorsing het belangrike verskille ten opsigte van tydsperspektief by mans- en vrouestudente vir die onderskeie kulture (wit en swart) uitgewys wat in aanmerking geneem moet word indien ‘n voorkomingsprogram vir universiteitstudente saamgestel word. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat toekomstydsperspektief as motiveringselement ‘n belangrike rol moet speel in die voorkomingsprogramme om tot ‘n afname in MIV/Vigs-risiko in Suid-Afrika te lei.
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Keywords
Time-perspective, Future time-perspective, Present time-perspective, Attitude, Fatalism, Anti-precaution, Abrogation of responsibility, Denial of risk, HIV/AIDS risk, Risky sexual behaviour, Gender differences, Cultural differences, Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS transmission, AIDS (Disease) -- Risk factors -- South Africa -- Free State, College students -- South Africa --Free State, College students -- South Africa -- Free State -- Sexual behavior, Dissertation (M.A. (Counselling Psychology))--University of the Free State, 2003
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