Hebrew

Permanent URI for this community

http://hdl.handle.net/11660/125

Browse

Browsing Hebrew by Subject "American Standard Version"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Alternative revisions of the 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (1901) and retranslations within the Tyndale–King James Version tradition
    (AOSIS Publishing, 2022) Naudé, Jacobus A.; Miller-Naudé, Cynthia L.
    In this essay, we demonstrate that in addition to the Revised Standard Version and its revisions as part of the linear emergence of the Tyndale–King James Version tradition in the 20th and 21st centuries, there are also alternative revisions and retranslations of the 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (KJV) of 1611 as literal or word-for-word translations, which emerge as divergent branches. The revisions of the 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (ASV) (1901) emerged in the following branches, namely the 𝘕𝘦𝘸 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘉𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦 (NASB) and its revisions, 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦 (AB) and its revisions, as well as 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘓𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘉𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦, Paraphrased and its retranslation, the 𝘕𝘦𝘸 𝘓𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘛𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 (NLT). Then there are revisions that emerged as alternatives to the 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (1946–1952/1971) by reverting to the 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 (Blayney) Edition (1769) as their incipient text rather than the ASV, namely 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (MKJV) (and similar revisions), The 𝘕𝘦𝘸 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (NKJV) and the 𝘕𝘦𝘸 𝘊𝘢𝘮𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘥𝘨𝘦 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩 𝘉𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦. Finally, there are retranslations within the Tyndale–King James Version tradition, namely the 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘌𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (CEV), and the 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘌𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩 𝘉𝘪𝘣𝘭𝘦 (CEB). The diversity reflects the search for individual identity to satisfy particular reader expectations in an age of digital-media interpretive culture featuring broad universal values. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Instead of viewing the revisions and retranslations within the Tyndale–King James Version tradition since the second half of the 20th century as new and independent, it is demonstrated that the various branches and their versions rather continue the emergence of the pre-20th century translation complex within this tradition to satisfy particular reader expectations.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Emergence of the Tyndale–King James Version tradition in English Bible translation
    (AOSIS Publishing, 2022) Naudé, Jacobus A.
    In this essay, it is demonstrated that the inception of the English Bible tradition began with the oral–aural Bible in Old English translated from Latin incipient texts and emerged through a continuous tradition of revision and retranslation in interaction with contemporary social reality. Each subsequent translation achieved a more complex state by adapting to the emergence of incipient text knowledge (rediscovery of Hebrew and Greek texts), emergence of the (meaning-making) knowledge of the incipient languages (Latin, Hebrew and Greek), language change (Old, Middle and Modern English), mode of communication (hearing-dominant and text-dominant), style (literal or word-for-word) and products (oral-aural Bible, handwritten manuscript Bible and printed Bible). Historical sources indicate that there were translations of portions of the English Bible since 700 CE as handwritten manuscript Bibles in Old and Middle English and in print in Modern English – even before the retranslation associated with Tyndale (1526) and despite ecclesiastical opposition since 1408. This version and its revisions (1530–1531, 1534) are followed by subsequent revisions (Coverdale Bible, Matthew’s Bible, Great Bible, Geneva Bible and Bishop’s Bible). The next revision was the King James Version (1611), which replaced all its predecessors, and which was never replaced for the next four centuries – not even by its revisions. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Contrary to the fragmentation caused by ordering individual English Bibles either by period (e.g. 20th century) or according to their features (e.g. literal), it is demonstrated that the history of English Bible translation emerged rather as a translation complex, and its history must be understood in this way.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    The 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (1952) and its revisions as a linear emergence of the Tyndale–King James Version tradition
    (AOSIS Publishing, 2022) Miller-Naudé, Cynthia L.; Naudé, Jacobus A.
    Revisions of the 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 of 1611 continued into the 20th and 21st centuries as literal or word-for-word translations. This development corresponds with a new age in Bible translation that started in the second half of the 20th century, which involves at least six changes in the philosophy of Bible translation. Firstly, Bible translation is characterised by interconfessional cooperation. Secondly, the plain meaning intended in the incipient texts is made accessible to readers. Thirdly, new critical editions of the Hebrew and Greek incipient texts on the basis of new discoveries of texts are utilised. Fourthly, there is the tendency to remove archaic language to make versions intelligible. Fifthly, there is a tendency to use gendered and inclusive language. Sixthly, the move is from print communication, which can be typified as typographic interpretive culture, to electronic or media communication, which can be typified as digital-media interpretive culture, where sound and visuality become prominent as a contextual supplement to words. In the analysis it will be determined which of these aspects are reflected in the𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 and its revisions as part of the linear emergence of the Tyndale–King James Version tradition. However, unlike the 𝘒𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯, the 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 and its revisions failed to achieve widespread approval from satisfied readers, thus opening the door to alternative revisions. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Instead of viewing the 𝘙𝘦𝘷𝘪𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘢𝘳𝘥 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 and its revisions as new and independent from the Tyndale–King James Version tradition, it is demonstrated that they are a linear continuation of the emergence of the pre-20th century translation complex within this tradition without replicating the success of the King James Version.