Afrikaans and Dutch, German and French
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing Afrikaans and Dutch, German and French by Author "De Wet, A. S."
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Grammatikale en leksikale verskynsels in die Afrikaans van 'n groep Tswanastudente in Kimberley(University of the Free State, 2001-05) Bessinger, Johanna Elizabeth Cornelia; De Wet, A. S.; Jenkinson, A. G.English: This study examines the Afrikaans of a group of Tswana students (TswaA) at Phatsimang College of Education in Kimberley. The sample group live in a language situation in which they are constantly exposed to contact with various languages and varieties. A study of grammatical and lexical phenomena in their usage reflects this contact. The aim of this study is to produce a morphological, syntactical and lexical description of the TswaA variety, to determine its typical characteristics and to compare it with Standard Afrikaans and with other languages, such as English, and dialects such as Griqua Afrikaans and Cape Afrikaans. The data base thus compiled can be used in the teaching situation at the college. A short historical background of the Tswana is provided in Chapter 2 in order to explain the influence of the course of their history on their use of language and language preferences. Some socio-economic and linguistic information regarding the Tswana language community is also provided. Chapter 3 outlines the research procedure. The TswaA variety is predominantly the product of language contact; therefore special attention is paid in Chapter 4 to language modification with specific reference to language contact processes, namely borrowing and interference resulting from incomplete language assimilation. After this, interlanguage theory, mother tongue interference in L2 acquisition, language shifts and pidginisation are discussed. Then the reasons for language shifts, as well as the processes by which language modifications spread through a community, are examined. Finally, the effect of this contact situation on TswaA is briefly reviewed. In Chapters 5, 6 and 7 the written and spoken data obtained from the sample group are examined and described from the perspectives of morphology, syntax and semantics. Significant differences from Standard Afrikaans, as well as points of correspondence with Griqua Afrikaans and Cape Afrikaans are indicated. With regard to morphology, the formation of plurals, diminutives and compounds, flexion and derivation are examined. Syntatic variation is discussed with reference to prepositions, pronouns, negation, the infinitive, the article and certain striking phenomena in verb use and word order within sentences. With regard to compounds and derivations, the creation of new words is characteristic of the semantic variation in TswaA, as is ingenuity in the creation of own expressions. Existing South African lexical items undergo broadening of meaning in TswaA to compensate for limited vocabulary. Typical characteristics found in TswaA reflect the influence of contact with other variaties and languages. Contact with Griqua Afrikaans is evident in morphological and syntactic correspondence, for example, the double diminutive, the hypercorrect ge- in the formation of the past tense, foregrounding of the te in the infinitive construction and the heaping up of the connectives loop and gaan. Constructions which are typical of Cape Afrikaans, but also occur in GA, and which have a high frequency in TswaA, are the use of is and hel in infinitive constructions instead ofwees and hê and the weak past tense form gehel instead of gehad. The influence of English is apparent in numerous grammatical phenomena, such as the omission of the second nie in negative constructions, the use of prepositions, the use of was in place of is in the past tense of passive constructions, as well as in the many instances of derivation and borrowing and arbitrary code switches that occur. TswaA is also a learner variety and reveals typical interlanguage characteristics, for example periphrastic marking in the indication of number and diminution, elevation of gender differentiation in the pronominal system, typical periphrastic forms such as prepositional division and the high frequency of unaltered SVO word order. However, from the absence of other typical interlanguage characteristics such as a high frequency ofpassive and copulatory constructions, it would seem that this variety has already undergone development and extension Mother tongue interference leads, for example, to direct translation of the mother tongue pattern, as can be seen in the anaphoric use of the pronoun and noticeable differences in word order from Standard Afrikaans. These findings can serve as a data base and as guidelines in the teaching situation at the Phatsimang College. of Educati on.Item Open Access 'n Kritiese bespreking van taalverandering met verwysing na Afrikaans en sy variëteite(University of the Free State, 2001-11) Roux, Susanna Petronella; Jenkinson, A. G.; De Wet, A. S.English: The typological language change that separate the older Germanic languages from the modem Germanic languages, can be seen as a shift of linguistic parameters where synchronic variables give an indication of this specific process. This process can be described as the replacement of a synthetic marking system (flexion morphemes) by an analytical marking system (grammatical words). The variables Gods Woord and Die Woord van God currently used in Afrikaans, are distinguished examples of these two marking systems. The linguistic parameters influenced by the replacement of the flexion system, are also related to syntagmatical variables such as syntactic order (SOV in opposition to SVO) and the position of the qualifier in relation to the qualified within the phase. Compare the position of the phase - the adjective - in the phases of the older Dutch and the modem Afrikaans sentences (the Dutch sentence is taken from a child's prayer): Ik ben een kindje klijn/ Ek is 'n klein kindjie. These parametric variables are interconnected and fixed and therefore result in a linguistic paradigm change: inflective languages and analytical languages represent different language typologies and different periods in the history of a language - older Germanic and modem Germanic. This is seen as normal language change - a process which can be traced back to the Indo European time. This perspective, however, is only applicable on matured languages. Reduced languages with the inclusion of inter-languages, which developed through the processes of pidginization and creolization, as well as the learners' dialects of Afrikaans are not addressed by this perspective. The typological classification of matured languages (standard forms) in opposition to reduced (restricted) languages is very important in this regard as the development of Standard Afrikaans from the Dutch of the first colonists was influenced by the inter-language development of the learners' dialects of the Khoikhoi and the Malay slaves. Grammatical and sosiolinguistic variation in the Afrikaans of the mother tongue speakers is therefore broadly classified between Standard Afrikaans en Non-standard Afrikaans. An analysis of the nonnative classification of Super Standard Afrikaans, Formal Standard Afrikaans, Informal Standard Afrikaans and Non-standard Afrikaans is important as the processes of standardization have an influence on the vernacular. At this stage it seems that Afrikaans has a mixed typology - it is also classified as a non-typical Creole language or as a deflected modem Germanic language showing typical creolistic characteri stics. Variation in Afrikaans from a historic perspective is therefore characterized according to the following three dialects, e.g. Cape Afrikaans, Orange River Afrikaans and the Afrikaans of the Eastern Border. However, certain questions are raised over this characterization, especially with regard to the Afrikaans of the Eastern Border as this dialect is geographically enclosed by its name where as it can be found demographically over a larger area. Lastly the focus falls on the reasons for the development of specific Afrikaans as official language, and how it disowned its ally, Dutch, in its struggle against English. The final take-over by English is therefore subtle and crushing. This is described in the book, The influence of English on Afrikaans. A case study of linguistic change in a language contact situation by B.C. Donaldson (1991:285): The reaction of those sceptics who do not regard the influence English has had so far on Afrikaans as now being integral to the vely nature of the language and who thus presumably regard some of the tenets presented in this book as unacceptable, reminds one of the reaction of Afrikaans to Changuion 's publication in 1844 where he suggested that plat Kaapseli was not only the mother-tongue of Hottentots and slaves.Item Open Access 'n Sosiolinguistiese ondersoek na die gebruik van tienertaal aan die hand van Jackie Nagtegaal se Daar's vis in die punch(University of the Free State, 2004-06) Du Preez, Petru Isabella; De Wet, A. S.; Van Coller, H. P.Abstract not available