Doctoral Degrees (Practical Theology)
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Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Practical Theology) by Advisor "Schoeman, W. J."
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Item Open Access Die missionale ontwikkeling van die klein plattelandse gemeentes: ‘n empiriese ondersoek na die VGKSA Vrystaat/Lesotho(University of the Free State, 2023) Pienaar, Zachery Chalwyn; Schoeman, W. J.; Hendriks, H. J.𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Ek glo van harte dat God die wêreld wil bereik deur gemeentes. Gemeentes klein of groot is God se voertuie/instrumente om ‘n stukkende en gebroke wêreld te kan bereik. Daarom behoort gemeentes missionaal in hulle identiteit, kultuur en karakter te wees. Gemeentes is in ‘n bepaalde plek, tyd en konteks, en behoort in die lig van die 𝘔𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰 𝘋𝘦𝘪 ‘n verskil te maak. 𝘔𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰 𝘋𝘦𝘪 verwys na die bestaansdoel van ’n gemeente. ’n Gemeente is daar om die evangelie en God se doel met die mens en wêreld uit te leef, of anders gestel, gemeentes is daar as die instrument waardeur die Koninkryk van God gestalte kry. Malan Nel (2015:89) onderstreep laasgenoemde as volg: “𝘊𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘯𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘎𝘰𝘥’𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘦𝘰𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥”. ‘n Missionale gemeente is ‘n gemeente wat voortdurend onderskei oor die vraag naamlik: “Waarmee is God in die wêreld besig en hoe kan die gemeente by God se werk aansluit?” Malan Nel (2015:89) stel dit as volg: “𝘔𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩; 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 - 𝘎𝘰𝘥’𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯”. Kleingemeentes hoef nie te aspireer om eers groot te word om daardie verskil te maak nie. Kennon Callahan (2000) sê dat klein gemeentes nie hulle energie moet gebruik om groter te word nie, maar eerder om hulle sterk punte te ontwikkel. Callahan (2000:vii) sê verder: “𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘢 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘰𝘤𝘤𝘶𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘣𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘣𝘪𝘨𝘨𝘦𝘳. 𝘛𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘣𝘪𝘨𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘣𝘪𝘨𝘨𝘦𝘳, 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘯𝘦𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘺 𝘣𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘥𝘷𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘨𝘵𝘩𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘴𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘭, 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯”. God wil in Sy sending kleingemeentes gebruik ongeag hulle grootte, bronne en fisiese voorkoms. Daar is spreekwoorde in die Afrikaanse spreektaal wat lui: “𝘋𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘦𝘵 𝘬𝘰𝘮 𝘪𝘯 𝘬𝘭𝘦𝘪𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘬𝘬𝘪𝘦𝘴”, 𝘦𝘯 ”𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘢𝘭 𝘩𝘦𝘵 𝘨𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘥𝘪𝘬𝘵𝘦 𝘯𝘰𝘥𝘪𝘨 𝘯𝘪𝘦”. Die Skrif druk dit in Luk 17:6 so uit: “geloof soos ‘n mostert saad ”. Dit is ‘n metafoor wat aandui dat alhoewel die mostert saadtjies baie klein is, ontkiem dit en word dit baie groot. Toegepas op die klein plattelandse gemeentes beteken dit dat gemeentes, alhoewel klein, ‘n groot impak kan maak as hulle hul missionale identiteit herontdek en leef. Die klein plattelandse gemeentes van die VGKSA Vrystaat/Lesotho beslaan die meerderheid van die gemeentes in die sinode. Die meeste van die gemeentes is in ‘n oorlewings stryd en kan na verwys word as oorlewingskerke. Die gemeentes is meestal vakant of word bedien deur ‘n tentmaker of konsulent. Die kleingemeentes is in staat om ten spyte van haar grootte en tekort aan bronne, ‘n missionale identiteit te ontwikkel. Om dit ‘n werklikheid te maak is ‘n diepe nadenke nodig rondom vrae: Wie is ons? Waar is ons nou? Wat het ons? Wat sê die Woord? Wat verwag God van die gemeente in ‘n spesifieke tyd, plek en konteks? Waarheen is die gemeente oppad? Malan Nel noem gemeentes wat aan die vrae aandag gee identiteits gedrewe gemeentes (2015:89). ‘n Paradigma skuif is nodig van ‘n instandhoudings gemeente na ‘n missionale gemeente. Andersgestel, ‘n Paradigma skuif van ‘n ekklesiologiese verstaan van kerk wees na ‘n missionale ekklesiologiese verstaan van die kerk wees. Dit beteken dat die kerk ten volle bestaan vir die Missio Dei. Malan Nel beklemtoon dit as volg: “𝘐𝘵 𝘪𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘴𝘰 𝘮𝘶𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘢𝘴𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘎𝘰𝘥 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥, 𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘎𝘰𝘥 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘭𝘥. 𝘔𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩; 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 - 𝘎𝘰𝘥’𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 (2015:89)”. Om laasgenoemde skuif te laat gebeur word ‘n nuwe soort leierskap benodig. Alan Hirsch onderstreep dit wanneer hy sê: “𝘐𝘧 𝘸𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩, 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘸𝘦 𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘢 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘩𝘪𝘱 𝘴𝘺𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘮 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘪𝘵 (2006:152)”. Kleingemeentes kan slegs ontwikkel as missionale gemeentes indien daar ‘n wegbeweeg plaasvind van ‘n klassieke leierskapstyl na ‘n missionale leierskapstyl. Nelus Niemandt meen dat die huidige denke oor leierskap nie voldoende is om die kerk te help om missionaal te wees nie (2013:46)1. Mike Harrison onderstreep die belangrikheid van missionale leierskap om missionale gemeentes te ontwikkel: “𝘔𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘩𝘪𝘱 𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘱𝘦𝘴 𝘮𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘧 𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘤𝘩 (2017:343)2”. Kleingemeentes moet hulle uniekheid herontdek. Callahan bevestig dit wanneer hy sê: “𝘉𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘴𝘮𝘢𝘭𝘭, 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘨 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘢 𝘸𝘢𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘣𝘦𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 (2000:𝘷𝘪𝘪)”. ___________________________________________________________________Item Open Access The formation of lived faith in children: a partnership between congregation and home(University of the Free State, 2017-10) Schoeman, Sarel Jacobus; Schoeman, W. J.English: Youth ministry within the congregation is at peril. The old paradigm is not producing the spiritual leaders and followers of Christ that we hoped for. Even the congregations that invest much of their resources, efforts, labours and time in their youth ministry invest in areas where it is least effective. This deplorable situation appears to be rife, although the research reveals to us a way to address this neglect. The focus of this research is to show where the current youth ministry model falls short, and why it should be changed. We take an in-depth look at the most recent research concerning families and ministry focused on the home. The state of scholarship also encompasses the development of lived faith and best practices to achieve this. From this solid, theoretical framework, this study will proceed to do qualitative analysis research via Focused Group Interviews in three diverse congregations to discern what the current philosophy for faith formation is, and how the parents perceive this. This study will then proceed by applying grounded theory to develop knowledge of the problem, and to formulate a theory that may answer the pragmatic question as to how congregations and parents can be more effective in forming lived faith in their young. This practice-oriented theological project hopes to highlight the partnership between the congregation and the home. Similar to dance partners on a dance floor, the aim of both dancers is to bring to the fore the best in each other. Partners inspire each other to render both of them fluent in the language of faith formation. We believe that this will inspire the next generation to join the dance because of the model presented to them. Lastly, we hope to deduce the transferable concepts that can be applied in congregations everywhere.Item Open Access The missional life of congregations of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Free State(University of the Free State, 2017-02) Venter, Marthinus Theunis Steyn; Schoeman, W. J.English: This dissertation examines the missional life of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Free State. It aims to listen to the voices of the people and the leadership to access the life and vitality of the Church and to ascertain where the church is most fully alive. The research problem and research question are stated. The NCLS, an international congregational project endeavouring to understand church vitality is explored and the research methodology utilized in this study is discussed. Healthy missional congregations; missional theology and the evaluation of congregations, is explored. The ecclesiology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church is discussed. Under ecclesiology, general ecclesiology and Seventh-day Adventist ecclesiology is explored. This includes the fundamental beliefs; structure of governance; church membership of the world wide Seventh-day Adventist Church. An in depth study of the Seventh-day Adventist Congregations in the Free State is done. The voice of the people in the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Free State is reported by means of the Church Life Study. A detailed review of the vitality of the Church in the Free State is given. The voice of the leadership of the individual congregations in the Free State through the initial and focus group interviews were discussed. Then the voice of the leadership of the SDA Church in the Free State as a whole, through the initial and focus group interviews conducted is explored. The final chapter gives a conclusion of the Missional Life of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Free State in terms of the three core qualities. It is concluded that the Free State SDA congregations are not healthy, missional congregations in view of their relationships with God, each other and with the community. It is however encouraging to note that because of the high standard of the worship service and its strong foundation, the Church has the potential to become a fully missional Church and the leadership is determined to achieve this goal in the Free State.