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Browsing Theology by Advisor "Kellerman, J. S."
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Item Open Access Die ontwerp van Skrifgetroue en tyd-ruimtelik relevante eredienste binne die huidige konteks van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk(University of the Free State, 2001-05) Janse van Rensburg, Johan; Kellerman, J. S.English: The question may be asked whether the church worship meeting could, at the same time, be relevant in regard to its spatial and time frame as well as faithful to Scripture. This question highlights the problemalique of Reformed tradition and the requirements pertinent to the ministry of the Dutch Reformed Church within its present context. Even though Scripture does not contain a blueprint for the worship meeting, there are in fact clear indications in regard to the broader concept of "worship-andservice". From these indications the fundamentally necessary elements may be deduced for the worship meeting, seen as a concrete manifestation of the broader concept of worship-and-service. In the historical investigation five nodal points were identified at which the structuring of the Biblical theology of worship was decisively influenced. During the historical development of the worship meeting certain elements were misunderstood and were structured in an obstructive manner. At some points, however, there was indeed a Scriptural and dynamic actualisation of the fundamental elements of worship. In any event, it was found that the term "Reformed" in itself implies time and spatial relevance of the worship meeting. Emanating from the investigation of Scripture and Reformed tradition the requirement of time and spatial relevance became clear either explicitly or by inference. The time and spatial context of the worship meeting alters because of identifiable variables in a given context. While the fundamentals of the worship meeting must remain unchanged for all time and circumstances, it must also be dynamically relevant for its time-spatial context. Therefore, if the Dutch Reformed Church wants its worship meeting to be true to both Scripture and Reformed tradition, it must also be time and spatially relevant. The present context of the Dutch Reformed Church contains disconcerting and confusing challenges, which must be taken into consideration in the structuring of the worship meeting. The conclusion is inescapable that certain changes must be made in order for the worship meeting to be contextually relevant. In conclusion a number of possible directives are suggested for a Dutch Reformed Church worship meeting, in order to be Scriptural and time-spacially relevant. These directives are included in a model which offers five points of focus or lenses which determine the structuring of the worship meeting. These are • the pre-scientific point of departure • Scriptural theology of worship (redemptive-historical perspective) • reformed tradition • time-spatial context (historical-cultural perspective) and • types of spirituality.Item Open Access Geestelike groei as kommunikasieproses tussen die lewensverhaal van 'n gelowige en God se verhaal met die gelowige(University of the Free State, 2002-05) Kleynhans, Daniël Jacobus Bruwer; Kellerman, J. S.English: According to social constructionism, every person has a selfconstructed self-narrative. This self-narrative has power and controls a person’s life. Change is thus impossible without changing the story of one’s life (self-narrative). Because a person’s life before God (spirituality) is part of his self-narrative, it is clear that spiritual growth cannot take place without changing the story of his life. Research aims to make the principles used in social constructionism to bring about deconstruction in the self-narratives of people, available to the church with the aim of spiritual growth. Research also aims to free the christian disciplines, which as seen from a certain perspective as the keys to change, on one hand from one-sidedness (partiality), and on the other hand to reconcile with the principles of deconstruction of the social constructionism. In the process the researcher emphasizes the power of communication between God’s story (the Bible) and the self-narrative of a believer as the key to spiritual growth (deconstruction).Item Open Access Gesinsbediening as 'n geïntegreerde deel van die opbou van die gemeente(University of the Free State, 2002-05) Bergh, Stephanus Jacobus; Kellerman, J. S.English: The congregation of the Lord Jesus must be raised to spiritual maturity. The rationale of this study is that building-up the congregation, amongst others, is possible when families are being built up. Ministering to families is therefore an integral part of the total building-up process of the congregation - a ministering to, by and for families. It is, however, necessary that ministering to families in the congregation should take place on a continuous and consistent basis. The covenant and predestination were taken as base-theory and premise of this study. The covenant, of God's own devising, are carried by and within families through to generation after generation. The predestination in Christ, set as basis to the covenant, are therefore also realised in and through the covenant. A further premise is that the ministering to families and the resultant building-up of congregations must be directed towards the Kingdom of God. From this theological base the building-up of congregations was discussed. Particular attention was also given to the way that God, through His Spirit, involve the faithful and the families of the covenant, as contributors to the building-up of the congregation. Genesis 1 - 3 in particular illuminated the Scriptural basis for marriage and families. Marriage is an indivisible part of the family; therefore marriage and marital-relationships, as well as other forms of relationship, such as co-habitation, were also discussed. However in this study, the searchlight is focused firmly on the family. The structuring of families, and the development of various family structures, such as the nucleus family, were historically sketched up until the present, our own time, which is typified as post modernistic. The present state of the family and the sense of the concept of what family means was also discussed. The internal workings of the family as well as family problematic issues were appeared in the discussed themes, which included intimacy, the I-generation, prestige, gender roles, conflicts, divorce, remarriage etc. The family as a social unit as well as a system were dealt with and this concept opened up certain other perspectives. In the discussion it was clearly indicated that families have their own stories and spirituality. This illuminated some aspects of the concept of family unity and it's functioning in order for families to reach understanding of this themselves. The themes dealing with the value and function of the family clearly illustrated the importance of the family in society. A theological definition for ministering to families could therefore be formulated - a most important facet of this study. Regarding the theme of the study-subject it was important to indicate the relationship between the building-up of the congregation and the ministering to families. Eleven issues were discussed. The empirical study regarding ministering to families done in the Western Transvaal amongst ministers, were discussed and valuable results about the state of family ministering was gathered. As a result, with reference to the total study, a practical theory for family ministering could be formulated and a method of how it can be implemented in the congregations was proposed. This discussion was held with the viewpoint that family ministering has a pro-active, active and reactive focus. The discussion was ended with ten assessments and ten recommendations made.Item Open Access 'n Prakties-teologiese basisteorie vir gemeente-analise(University of the Free State, 2002-06) Schoeman, Willem Jacobus; Kellerman, J. S.; Janse van Rensburg, J.English: Looking at a congregation from a practical-theological viewpoint, the congregational building process plays an important part. Planning of the ministry is implemented as a method of stimulating the process of change in the congregation and setting a course for it. Although it is possible to approach the growth and development of a congregation from various angles, one of the primary questions to be asked will always be the importance and nature of the analysis of the current situation of the congregation. The essentiality of an effective and accountable analysis of the congregation, as a stimulus for purposeful growth of the congregation, therefore speaks for itself. By using the problem-setting as a point of departure, a theory is developed for a congregational analysis. The process for the development of this theory lies on the three levels set out below. 1. The orientation points describe the supposition used as the basic point of departure in a congregational analysis. A hermeneutic model is used as practical theological point of departure, which means that Word and context stand in asymmetrical relation; the covenant between God and human being leads to specific structures of service in the congregation; and there is supposed to be a critical assumption between Word and context. The congregation is scrutinised both as defined and empirical subject. The building of a congregation is a process, which assists a congregation in giving structure (form-giving) - from its identity within its service structures - to its being a congregation; so that the congregation finally reaches its goal. 2. The fundamental points of departure indicates the principles which are handled when a congregation is scrutinised. The identity of the congregation lies on the level of an exclusive covenant relationship with the Holy Trinity; a reformed congregation offering the Word of God and the sacraments in pure form; a congregation bound to the denomination by keeping it amongst themselves; and a congregation who uses the four characteristics of the church (unity, holiness, universality and apostolicity) as guidelines for their work. The purpose of the congregation belongs to the nature of the congregation and this is not negotiable; a healed world of which the congregation is a witness in word and deed. The four service areas integrate the total ministry of the congregation. Leitourgia - worship; Kerugma - preaching; Koinonia - love and acceptance; and Diakonia - to be of service to others. The concrete congregation can only be understood by looking at the Identity, purpose and service structures of the congregation. The spirituality of the congregation results in the congregation getting a concrete structure at a specific place, time, and in a specific way by giving the four service areas their set places. The congregation and its members are formed by the context and should be of service within the South African community. 3. The methodological suppositions indicate the way in which the procedures are followed in implementing an analysis of a congregation. A congregational analysis should comply with the following methodological requirements: Reliability, validity, and generalisation. In carrying out an analysis of a congregation,qualitative, quantitative or narrative methods may be used. Congregational analysis is a research method in its own right and it forms a part of the bigger process of building a congregation. This process is never completed.Item Open Access Sola ecclesia? : 'n kritiese verantwoording van die kerkbegrip van die gemeentebouteologie in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk(University of the Free State, 1994) Erasmus, Lourens Marthinus; Kellerman, J. S.; Britz, R. M.Gemeentebou bet in die Ned. Geref. Kerk 'n huishoudelike woord geword. Dit staan enersyds in verband met 'n bepaalde prob/ematiek van die gemeentelike lewe en andersyds met die op/ossing claarvoor. As 'n konsep en prakties-teologiese benadering is dit oor die afgelope aantaljare in die geledere van die kerk aangegryp as 'n manier om die gemeentelike struktuur en praktyk grondliggend te vernuwe. Dit het nuwe rnoontlikhede, uitdagings en vergesigte geopen vir talle predikante en lidmate wat 'n onvergenoegdheid met die praktiese kedclilce lewe ervaar bet. En, gesorg vir 'n beduidende invloed in die Ned. Geref. Kerk. Daar kan nie oor die konternporere teologie in die Ned. Geref. Kerk gepraat word, sonder om ook die gemeentebouteologie te verreken nie. Orn die beslag van die gemeenteboubeweging behoorlik in kaart te bring, moet dit in verband gesien word met die belangrike besinningsproses wat gedurende die sewentigerjare in die Ned Geref. Kerk op gang gekorn het Veel klem is in hierdie tyd geplaas op die getuienis en diens van die indiwiduele lidrnaat. Dit het konkrete gestalte gevind in die omvattende sending-en evangelisasieprogram van 1970, die landwye Jeug-tot-Jeugaksie van 1974 en die werlcsaarnhede van die Dinamiese Gemeentebou-Studiegroep van 1978. Die klern op die indiwiduele lidmaat is mettertyd verskuif na die kollektiwiteit van die gemeente as geloofsgemeen skap. Die verwerking van die konsepte van "dinarniese gerneentebou" deur Bybelkor se Gemeenteboureekse en Lidmaattoerustingsprogramme in die tagtigerjare, het "gemeentebou" vierkantig op die tafel geplaas. Dit het 'n benadering in die Ned Geref. Kerk geword wat doelbewus gcywer het vir die goeie en optirnale funksionering van die gerneente. Sinodale Kornmissies, soos die Algernene Kommissie vir Arnpsbediening en Evangelisasie en die Algemene Jeugkommissie, bet hierin 'n belangrike rol gespeel. Die vakwetenskaplike beoefening sowel as die kurrikulering claarvan in die amptelike teologiese opleiding van die Ned Geref. Kerk teen die middel van die tagtigerjare, het verdere stukrag aan die gemeenteboubeweging verleen en die ontwikkeling vakwetenskaplik bestendig. Gemeentebou het dus uitgegroei tot 'n teologiese dissipline met 'n ornvangryke invloed in die Ned. Geref. Kerk. Met entoesiasme, aangevuur deur die snel veranderende konteks waarrnee die kerk sedert 1980 gekonfronteer is, is saamgewerk, beplan, geeksperirnenteer en onderling verslag gelewer. Vera! in die Ned. Geref. Kerk was iets nuuts aan die gebeur. Gewapen met die kennis aangaande die gerneenteboubeweging en 'n aanvoeling vir veral die missionere dimensie van die "diakonale gemeente," was dit aanvanklilc die voorneme om 'n bedieningsmodel te beredeneer waarin die missionere diakonaat van die plaaslilce gemeente tereg moes kom. Die "Diakonale gemeente in koninkryksperspektief' het horn as 'n aktuele terna voorgedoen om in 'n doktorale studie aangepak te word Die bediening van die "diakonale gemeente" moes die omvangryke eksistensiele nood in die wereld aanspreek en verlig. Vanselfsprekend het dit 'n "struktuurbenadering" vereis om deur middel van basis-en praktykteoretiese ontwerpe gevolg te gee aan 'n nuwe en meer dinamies-diakonale inrigting van die gerneentelike bediening. Ook sou empiriese navorsing en analise die geldigheid en haalbaarheid van nuut ontwerpte teoriee bevestig.Item Open Access The spirituality of a preacher in African context : reflections from the life and ministry of the apostle Paul(University of the Free State, 2003-06) Keta, Tsotetsi David; Kellerman, J. S.; Van Zyl, H. C.English: The subject spirituality is very popular in these days. There are different ways in which people try to give a definition to it. Some people see it as a personal feeling in his inner-most, which we consider as too narrow. Other scholars see it as something pertaining to a particular way of life, which is too one-sided. In this study we try to show how the subject spirituality is comprehensive and embraces the whole life of a person before God. In the history of the church we encounter moments when certain teachings were held so high as if that would constitute the whole teaching of the Bible. The rescue from this pitfall was brought about by the Reformation of the sixteenth century when people returned to the Bible. A scramble to Africa came also with the spread of Christianity. The carriers of the message were not all people of the same stock and also their motives were not the same - there were gospel missionaries, travellers, traders and also imperialists. Amidst all these competing streams there was a not so clear understanding of the cultures of the nationals with the result that there appeared to be tension between culture and Christianity. This study highlights some of these cultural aspects in order to enlighten the church so that it will devise ways of bringing the gospel holistically. African spirituality needs be informed of reformation spirituality as entailed in both Testaments of Scripture. In this study the ministry of the apostle Paul is taken as a case study for both the preacher and his flock, especially Philippians. Suggestions are given to the preacher as to how he can enhance his ministry.Item Open Access Die verkondiging van die Evangelie van Christus aan Suid-Afrikaanse Moslems: 'n gemeentegebaseerde model(University of the Free State, 2003-05) Scheepers, Phillip Johan; Kellerman, J. S.; Verster, P.English: The aim of this study is the establishment, for outreach amongst South African Muslims, of a model which recognizes and utilizes the presence of local Christian churches. Insights from both Practical Theology and Missiology are being considered. The study is divided into three main parts, namely a) foundation b) context and c) strategy. The following issues are discussed under these headings: Foundation: It was the intention of the researcher to avoid the pitfall of formulating a strategy on purely pragmatic grounds through the laying of a solid Biblical and Theological basis. This is done through focussing on: a) A theological discussion of the calling of the Church to reach out to those who have not yet responded to the Christian Gospel. b) An analysis of the relationship between the Gospel and Culture with a specific emphasis on outreach amongst South African Muslims. The conclusion is reached that the establishment of mono-cultural congregations should not be part of the outreach strategy, and that everything possible should be done to ensure that the Gospel is communicated in culturally understandable ways. c) The issue of the relationship between different faiths is discussed using three basic approaches namely pluralism, inclusivism and particularism. A particularist approach wherein the uniqueness of the Christian message is maintained, is chosen as the basis of this study. It is emphasized that it is the calling and task of every believer and congregation to proclaim the Gospel in an unbelieving world. Context: In this part of the study the ‘environment’ in which outreach to South African Muslims will occur, is researched. The following issues are discussed: a) The main theological differences between Islam and Christianity as well as an historical overview of the relations between adherents of the two faiths. b) The Muslim community in South Africa is analysed. Specific attention is paid to its history, organisation and priorities. Differences within the community are also discussed. c) Interaction between South African Christians and Muslims is discussed with a specific focus on the relationship between the communities, their perceptions of each other, efforts at Christian outreach and the impact of conversion. Strategy: In this section an attempt is made to formulate a model for Christian outreach amongst South African Muslims based in local churches. It is divided into two main parts. They are: a) A section focusing on outreach among Muslims and b) A section focusing on the pastoral care of those who accepted the Christian faith from an Islamic background. In the first sections suggestions are made for both corporate and individual outreach. Emphasis is laid on the fact that Muslims should be approached with gentleness and respect, and that every effort should be made to introduce them to the message of the Christian Gospel in a culturally understandable way. In the section focusing on the care of Christian believers from an Islamic background the issues that can make the integration of new Christians from a Muslim background, into the church difficult, are highlighted. In response to this, a fivefold model (which entails proclamation and teaching, worship, service, community and encouragement) for the care of converts is suggested. The researcher is convinced that a practical and workable model for outreach among South African Muslims is presented in this study.