'n Pastoraal-hermeneutiese benadering tot pedofilie

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Date
2011-12-15
Authors
Potgieter, Stella
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Paedophilia is a major problem in South Africa. The sexual molestation of children appears to be a common occurrence. Statistics show that one out of three girls and one out of five boys are victims of sexual molestation. It even is more terrifying to reveal that 95% of molesters are male, and that children who were molested, usually become molesters themselves. Paedophilia is not a subject people like to talk about. It is embedded in the negative social discourse of violence and has far-reaching consequences for everyone who is touched by it. The need arose to find a suitable pastoral model in which meaningful pastoral therapy and multi-disciplinary models can be utilized together in therapy with the paedophile. In view of the apparent lack of pastoral models to deal with this problem, this study set out to find a suitable model for meaningful guidance to the paedophile. The nature of the investigation is determined by the hermeneutic approach. The paedophile is not allowed to be neutral in the therapeutic process. He becomes a co-researcher who is involved in the process and progresses from understanding to change. The pastoral models with a hermeneutic angle contribute to this research. The hermeneutic approach is particularly valuable when considering the issues of being human, as well as the soul and sexuality. The strategies of the narrative approach are employed to give the participant the chance to tell his problem-filled story. Other strategies are also used, namely meditation, visualisation, gestalt therapy and prayer therapy. The foundation of pastoral therapy in the narrative approach is the diaconiological epistemology, which is theologically founded and in which the normative authority of the Bible is recognised. However, for the purposes of this study the strategies are dissociated from their original epistemological roots and are used in the diaconiological epistemology. By means of a qualitative research method this study enters into the world of the paedophile in an explorative and descriptive manner. This method also makes it possible for the researcher to conduct the study in a participatory manner to be able to describe the practical implementation of the pastoral therapeutic process that is being examined. The solution to the dilemma of the paedophile lies in a holistic approach in which the entire person is attended to. Persons in the grip of paedophilia need every bit of care they can get, including pastoral therapy. Pastoral therapy enabled the participant to become aware of his spiritual wounds. He moved from a negative God view to a new perspective and a positive God view. From there he could proceed to forgiveness, which plays an important part in the person‟s feelings of guilt. True repentance occurred. The confession of sins enabled the participant to give and receive forgiveness. In this way inner healing was made possible. The participant benefited particularly from the visualisation techniques that were used. His interpersonal functioning improved and his feelings of guilt, sadness and anger were lessened. Society is not really aware of the phenomenon of paedophilia. Methods should be devised to raise consciousness in this regard. In this way not only the molester, but also victims of molestation that suffer from intense feelings of guilt, will gain fresh insights into their situation. At a meeting arranged by the researcher, women who had been molested as children, were given the opportunity to speak to a person who, by his own admission, is a paedophile and who has been managing and controlling his condition for nine years. They found answers to their questions and since he offered an apology to them on behalf of their molesters, they were able to forgive the persons who had wronged them. This study will render a service to society where there is a need for methods to make the general public aware of this enormous problem. The roots of paedophilia lie in the person‟s childhood, where his unstable home and own molestation play an important role. I am reluctant to talk about total transformation, but what I can state with confidence is that a person, who molests children, may be taught the skills to control and manage his sexually deviant behaviour. Participants in this study expressed a genuine desire to be free from their symptoms. If pastoral therapy is employed in conjunction with other disciplines, other persons who also suffer from this deviant behaviour may also be helped. The findings in this study are based on information that was obtained from the molesters himself.
Afrikaans: Pedofilie is ʼn omvangryke probleem in Suid-Afrika. Die seksuele molestering van kinders is skynbaar ʼn algemene verskynsel. Statistiek toon dat een uit elke drie meisies en een uit elke vyf seuns die slagoffers van molestering is. Dit raak meer skrikwekkend as daar genoem word dat 95% van molesteerders manlik is en dat kinders wat gemolesteer is, gewoonlik ook molesteerders word. Pedofilie is nie ‟n onderwerp waaroor mense graag praat nie. Dit is ingebed in die negatiewe sosiale diskoers van geweld en het verreikende gevolge vir almal wat daarmee in aanraking kom. Die behoefte het ontstaan om ʼn geskikte pastorale model te vind waarvolgens sinvolle pastorale terapie saam met multidissiplinêre modelle aangewend kan word in terapie met die pedofiel. In die lig van die skynbare leemte aan pastorale modelle om met hierdie probleem om te gaan, wil hierdie studie ʼn geskikte model vind waarvolgens die pedofiel sinvol begelei kan word. Die aard van die navorsing word deur die hermeneutiese aanpak bepaal. Hierdeur word die pedofiel nie toegelaat om neutraal in die terapeutiese proses te staan nie. Hy is dus medenavorser, is betrokke in die proses en beweeg van verstaan tot verander. Die pastorale modelle met ʼn hermeneutiese invalshoek lewer ʼn bydrae tot die navorsing. Vir ʼn pastorale benadering tot die vraagstuk van menswees, siel en seksualiteit is die hermeneutiese benadering van groot waarde. Die narratiewe benadering se strategieë word aangewend om die deelnemer die geleentheid te bied om sy probleemdeurdrenkte verhaal te vertel. Ander strategieë word ook gebruik, soos meditasie, visualisering, gestaltterapie en gebedsterapie. Die grondslag van pastorale terapie vanuit die narratiewe benadering binne die diakoniologiese epistemologie is teologies gefundeerd, waarin die Skrif se normatiewe gesag aanvaar word. Die strategieë word egter vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie losgemaak van hulle oorspronklike epistemologiese wortels en binne die diakoniologiese epistemologie aangewend. Met die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodiek wil hierdie studie op ʼn verkennende, beskrywende wyse die wêreld van die pedofiel betree. Hierdie metode maak dit ook vir die navorser moontlik om op ʼn deelnemende wyse die studie uit te voer sodat die pastoraal-terapeutiese proses wat ondersoek word, in die praktyk beskryf kan word. Die oplossing vir die dilemma van die pedofiel lê in ʼn holistiese benadering waarin daar aandag gegee word aan die persoon as geheel, omdat persone in die greep van pedofilie elke stukkie versorging nodig het, en hierby word pastorale terapie ingesluit. Pastorale terapie het die deelnemer in staat gestel om bewus te word van sy spirituele wonde. Die deelnemer het beweeg vanaf ʼn negatiewe Godsbeeld na ʼn nuwe perspektief en ʼn positiewe Godsbeeld. Daarna kon beweeg word na vergifnis, wat ʼn groot rol speel in die persoon se skuldgevoelens. Ware berou het plaasgevind en die belydenis van sonde het die deelnemer gehelp om vergifnis te gee maar ook te ontvang. Hierdeur kon innerlike heling plaasvind. Die deelnemer het veral baat gevind by die visualiseringstegnieke wat aangewend is. Sy interpersoonlike funksionering het verbeter en sy gevoelens van skuld, hartseer en woede het verminder. Die samelewing is nie eintlik bewus van die fenomeen pedofilie nie. Metodes moet aangewend word om bewustheid te bewerkstellig. Sodoende kan nie slegs die persoon wat molesteer, tot ander insigte gebring word nie, maar ook ʼn slagoffer wat met geweldige skuldge voelens loop en nie die lewe in sy totale volheid kan geniet nie. In ʼn aanbieding wat deur die navorser gereël is, het vroue wat as kind gemolesteer is, die geleentheid gekry om met ʼn selferkende pedofiel en ʼn persoon wat dit reeds nege jaar beheer en bestuur, te praat. Hulle het antwoorde op vrae gekry en deurdat hy aan hulle ‟n verskoning aangebied het namens hulle molesteerders, was hulle in staat om ook hulle oortreders te vergewe. Hierdie studie lewer dus ʼn diens aan die samelewing as daar metodes gesoek word om die algemene publiek van hierdie enorme probleem bewus te maak. Die wortels van pedofilie lê in die persoon se kinderjare, waar sy onstabiele huis en eie molestering ʼn groot rol speel. Ek is huiwerig om van ʼn totale transformasie te praat. Wat ek wel kan sê, is dat ʼn persoon wat kinders molesteer, vaardighede geleer kan word om hierdie afwykende gedrag onder beheer en bestuur te plaas. Die deelnemers aan hierdie studie het ʼn werklike begeerte om vry te wees van hulle simptome. Indien pastorale terapie saam met ander dissiplines aangewend word, kan ander persone wat met dieselfde afwykende gedrag worstel, ook gehelp word. Die bevindings in hierdie studie is gebaseer op inligting wat direk van die molesteerders verkry is.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Practical Theology))--University of the Free State, 2009, Pedophilia -- Treatment, Pastoral counseling, Child sexual abuse, Child molesters -- Treatment, Diaconiology, Hermeneutics, Meditation, Visualization, Sexuality
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