Planning for affordable housing through inclusionary housing against the apartheid spatial landscape in the Western Cape Province, South Africa

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Date
2017-07
Authors
Robertson, Raynita Nashlene
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Past segregation-policies have left a profound imprint on the spatial landscape of the country, as well as the thinking of urban planners over the past six decades. Stuck in a rut, the planning and delivery of housing still replicates that of apartheid, rather than the desired integrated and sustainable human settlements plan. The continuation of unsustainable settlement patterns has a persistently negative effect on communities, the urban fabric and infrastructure; despite the recent policy and legislation geared towards integrated and sustainable human settlements. Instead, settlements and communities remain fragmented and disjointed, prone to social and economic ills linked to the distorted spatial structure. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate more effective means for planning for integrated and sustainable human settlements through affordable and inclusionary housing in addressing the apartheid landscape and its related symptoms. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research. Interviews and focus group discussions formed the tools used to investigate the potential of affordable and inclusionary housing to contribute to sustainable settlements, in Cape Town, the study area. Interviews were conducted with professionals and town planners in the built environment across different platforms to determine their perceptions regarding integrated and sustainable human settlements, inclusionary housing and apartheid planning. The perceived thoughts, understandings and perceptions of professionals and town planners were tested against international (Birmingham, USA) as well as local (Cape Town) case studies, and brought into relation with the focus groups’ experiences in these settlements. Through this pollination of research methods, and gaining insights at different levels, the research proved that there are inconsistencies in the perceptions, understanding, implementation, and evaluation of broad definitions of key concepts, such as integrated and sustainable settlements, affordable housing, and inclusionary housing. These may contribute to the continuation of apartheid style development, despite many policy developments requiring well-located land for integrated settlements. Furthermore, the research results prove that there is a need for clarity as to what each of those concepts entails and how to apply them in practice, as well as measure them. Besides researching issues around the persistence of sustainable and inclusionary settlements, and the lack of integrated and affordable housing, this study also makes recommendations towards turning the situation around and developing settlements that unlock human and economic potential. Part of this is to acknowledge the contribution Habitat III will make towards the integrated and sustainable human settlement and housing environment, in South Africa.
Afrikaans: Vorige segregasie wetgewing het ʼn onsegbarende impak op die ruimtelike landskap van die land, en ook die denkpatrone van stad- en streeksbeplanners oor die ses dekades, vasgelê. Die beplanning en lewering van behuising is nog steeds in ʼn groef vasgevang; meer verteenwoordigend van die apartheidbeplanning en nie van die verlangde geïntegreerde en volhoubare menslike nedersettings nie. Die voortslepende onvolhoubare nedersettingspatrone het ʼn volgehoue negatiewe effek op die gemeenskappe, die stedelike uitleg en infrastruktuur, dit is ten spyte van die huidige beleide en wetgewing gerig tot geïntegreerde en volhoubare menslike nedersettings. Daarom bly nedersettings en gemeenskappe gefragmenteerd en ontwrigtend; sensitief tot sosiale en ekonomiese uitdagings verwant aan die verwronge ruimtelike struktuur. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om meer effektiewe beplannings maatstawwe vir geintegreerde bekostigbare en geintegreerde behuising te ondersoek, om sodoende die apartheidlandskap en sy verwante simptome aan te spreek. Die navorser maak gebruik van kwalitatiewe navorsing. Onderhoude en fokus groep besprekings was van die instrumente wat die navorser gebruik het om die potensiaal vir geintegreerde en volhoubare nedersettings, In Kaapstad (studie area), Wes-Kaap provinsie te ondersoek, deur middel van bekostigbare en geintegreerde behuising. Onderhoude was geskeduleer met professionele beroepslui asook stads- en streeksbeplanners, in die beboude omgewing oor verskillende platforms om die persepsies aangaande geïntegreerde en volhoubare menslike nedersettings, geintegreerde behuising en apartheid beplanning, te bepaal. Hierdie indrukke en persepsies is getoets teen internasionale (Birmingham, Alabama) asook plaaslike (Kaapstad, Wes-Kaap provinsie) gevalle studies waarby die professionele persone en stads- en streeksbeplanners se persepsies in verhouding gebring word tot die van die fokus groepe se ervarings. Deur die kruisbestuiwing van verskillende kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes, en deur die bekoming van insigte op verskillende vlakke het getoon dat daar teenstrydige en omsamehangende persepsies, begrip, implementering en evaluering van wye definisies van sleutel konsepte soos volhoubare nedersettings, bekostigbare behuising en geintegreerde behuising betaan. Hierdie wanpersepsies kan lei tot die verdere apartheid styl van ontwikkeling, ten spyte van vele beleide wat spreek van goed geleë grond vir geïntegreerde nedersettings. Die navorsingsresultate het verder getoon dat daar ʼn dringende behoefte vir duidelikheid omtrent elk van hierdie konsepte nodig is, hoe dit geimplimenteer moet word, asook hoe dit gemeet gaan word. Hierdie navorsing maak verdere voorstelle tot die verandering in stedelike nedersettings wat menslike en ekonomiese potensiaal ontwikkel. Deel hiervan is om erkenning te verleen aan Habitat III, soos dit ʼn bydra sal maak tot die geïntegreerde en volhoubare menslike nedersettings en behuisingsomgewing, in Suid-Afrika.
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Keywords
Integrated and sustainable human settlements, Sustainable human settlements, Sustainable housing, Inclusionary housing, Affordable housing, Housing -- Finance -- South Africa -- Western Cape, Sustainable living -- South Africa -- Western Cape, Thesis (Ph.D. (Urban and Regional Planning))--University of the Free State, 2017
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