Phylogeny of the African genus Ergasilus (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida)

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Date
2014-01
Authors
Schlebusch, Ruaan
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The exactness of species descriptions in taxonomy, taking only morphology into account, has long been debated over. This is evident in the systematics of parasitic copepods that are mostly based on morphological characteristics. The gap in molecular information of the class Copepoda leaves a hole in the understanding of crustacean systematics and their ecological importance. Due to work done in China by a group of Chinese scientists on the genus Ergasilus (Family Ergasilidae). molecular studies on genera of this family from Africa were used to do the same analysis. Although only some representatives of the family is a threat to the fish populations of Africa, the availability of samples and information on morphological traits make this family a good starting point in the use of molecular work on the parasitic copepods of Africa. The focus of this study is the phylogeny of southern African ergasilids, based on the morphological characteristics coupled with the 28S rDNA sequences, with specifically designed primers (used in the Chinese study). The family Lernaeidae (using the genus Lernaea), closely related to the genus Ergasilus, was used as the out-group. Using the morphological analysis four new species of Ergasilus from southern Africa were found, i.e. Ergasilus sp. A from Synodontis leopardinus Pellegrin, 1914; Ergasilus sp. B from Rhabdalestes maunensis (Fowler, 1935); Ergasilus sp. C from Micropterus punctulatus Rafinesque, 1819 and Ergasilus sp. D from Petrotilapia tridentiger Trewavas, 1935. The molecular study proved to be a challenge and only results for Ergasilus sp. A could be obtained and were used in a tree-building analysis with the sequences from the Chinese study.
Afrikaans: Die debat rakende die gebruik van slegs morfologiese kenmerke en die akkuraatheid hiervan, word al lank bespreek. Dit spruit uit die feit dat die huidige sistematiek van die Copepoda slegs op morfologie gegrond is. Die tekort in molekulêre studies van die klas Copepoda laat ‘n gaping om die breër krustasee-sistematiek en om hul ekologiese belangrikheid ten volle te verstaan. Volgens ’n molekulêre studie deur ‘n groep Sjinese wetenskaplikes op die genus Ergasilus (Familie Ergasilidae) gedoen is, is die gaping nou oorbrug en kon soortgelyke werk op die spesies van Afrika uitgevoer word. Alhoewel die familie net sekere spesies bevat wat probleme by die visbevolkings van Afrika veroorsaak, maak die beskikbaarheid van eksemplare en die morfologiese inligting van die groep ‘n uitstekende begin vir molekulêre studies van parasitiese krustaseë van Afrika. Die fokus van hierdie studie was die filogenie van verteenwoordigers van die suidelike-Afrika Ergasilidae, gebaseer op morfologies kenmerke wat gerugsteun word die molekulêre analise deur van die 28S rDNS geenvolgordes gebruik te maak. The familie Lernaeidae en die genus Lernaea, wat naby verwant aan die genus Ergasilus is, is as buitegroep gebruik. Na aanleiding van die morfologiese resultate wat verkry is, word vier nuwe spesies van die genus Ergasilus van suidelike-Afrika beskryf, nl. Ergasilus sp. A vanaf Synodontis leopardinus Pellegrin, 1914; Ergasilus sp. B vanaf Rhabdalestes maunensis (Fowler, 1935); Ergasilus sp. C vanaf Micropterus punctulatus Rafinesque, 1819 en Ergasilus sp. D vanaf Petrotilapia tridentiger Trewavas, 1935. Die molekulêre studie was problematies sowel as ‘n uitdaging en slegs resultate van Ergasilus sp. A is verkry en is in die boom-bou analise tesame met die geenvolgordes vanaf die Sjina studie gebruik.
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Morphology, Taxonomy, 28S rDNA, Ergasilidae, Fishes -- Parasites, Copepoda -- Morphology, Phylogeny, Dissertation (M.Sc. (Zoology and Entomology))--University of the Free State, 2014, Southern Africa
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