Identification of Ethiopian Triticum aestivum, T. turgidum, and Eragrostis tef using morphological, SDS-PAGE and AFLP characterisation

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Date
2000-11
Authors
Hika, Yilma Amenu
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: In this study, morphological, seed storage proteins, and AFLP markers were used to identify and determine the genetic divergence among 20 Ethiopian wheat varieties. In the same way, an attempt was also made to characterize 10 Ethiopian tef cultivars using morphological and AFLP markers. Seed storage proteins were not used to characterize the tef cultivars, because it was already reported that the low number of protein markers detected could not distinguish individual tef cultivars. The morphological traits have uniquely identified all the wheat and tef accessions, although it is found that morphological distances are not accurate estimate of genetic distances owing to their limited number and environmental interaction. Thus, results obtained from morphological data have to be confirmed by biochemical or DNA markers, depending on the need of identification. From the protein markers, the gliadins uniquely distinguished all the individual wheat accessions. Thus, gliadins can be effectively used to discriminate wheat cultivars. However, some of the wheat cultivars had the same HMW-GS banding patterns, and therefore, HMW -GS should not be used for cultivar identification. The HMW -GS can rather be used to determine quality characteristics. In general, compared to morphological markers, protein markers are more reliable as the effect of environmental influence is absent or minimal. The limitation with the protein markers is that only part of the genome that codes for a specific protein can be detected. With the AFLP markers, more variations were detected among the wheat entries, due to the potential of the AFLP markers to survey the entire genome and also due to the larger number of loci assayed. Thus, AFLP markers are more reliable and hence they can be used to supplement and refine morphological- and protein-based classifications.
Afrikaans: In hierdie studie is morfologiese, saad storings proteïene en AFLP merkers gebruik om identifikasie en vasstelling van genetiese variasie tussen 20 Etiopiese koring variëteite te doen. Op dieselfde wyse is 'n poging aangewend om 10 tef cultivars te identifiseer met morfologiese en AFLP merkers. Saad storings proteïene is nie gebruik orn die tef cultivars te identifiseer nie omdat daar alreeds gevind is dat die lae getal merkers nie geskik is om tef cultivars te onderskei nie. Die morfologiese eienskappe het al die tef en koring cultivars effektief onderskei, alhoewel daar gevind is dat morfologiese afstande nie 'n akkurate bepaling van genetiese afstande gee nie a.g.v. 'n beperkte getal en omgewings interaksie. Daarom sal resultate van morfologiese data bevestig moet word met biochemiese of DNA merkers, afhangend van die identifikasie behoeftes. In terme van die proteïen merkers kon die gliadiene al die koring cultivars effektief onderskei. Daarom kan gliadiene effektief gebruik word vir cultivar identifikasie. 'n Aantal van die koring cultivars het dieselfde HMW-GS bandpatrone gehad, en die HMW-GS kan daarom nie effektief vir cultivar identifikasie gebruik word nie. Die HMW-GS kan beter gebruik word vir kwaliteits bepaling. In die algemeen, in vergelyking met morfologiese merkers, is proteïen merkers meer betroubaar omdat die invloed van die omgewing minimaalof afwesig is. Die beperking van proteïen merkers is dat net 'n gedeelte van die genoom wat kodeer vir die spesifieke proteïen bestudeer kan word. Met die AFLP merkers is meer variasie opgetel tussen die koring cultivars, a.g.v. die potensiaal van die AFLP tegniek om die hele genoom vir merkers te toets en a.g.v. die groot aantal loci wat ingesluit word. Daarom is AFLP merkers meer betroubaar en kan dit gebruik word om aanvullend te dien tot morfologiese en proteïen gebasseerde klassifikasie.
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Wheat -- Classification, Wheat -- Breeding, Teff -- Classification, Dissertation (M.Sc.Agric. (Plant Breeding))--University of the Free State, 2000
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