A framework to strengthen leadership at a South African public nursing college
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Date
2021
Authors
Mogakwe, Lebuile John
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract in other languages 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘯𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘚𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘐𝘴𝘪𝘡𝘶𝘭𝘶
Abstract in other languages 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘯𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘚𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘐𝘴𝘪𝘡𝘶𝘭𝘶
Abstract
𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉
Leaders at higher education institutions around the globe face difficulties emanating from a myriad of challenges introduced by the 21st century. Nursing education is not exempt from these demands, especially considering expectations of nurses operating on the frontline with health conditions that continue to threaten human existence. Therefore, the dire need for quality nursing education and training in this era is indisputable. In the midst of these threats, South African public nursing colleges are transitioning from provincial departments of health to higher education to form part of a unified higher education system. The need for strong leadership was identified as a key determinant through which a specific public nursing college could survive these challenges. A lack of evidence regarding leadership strengthening at Nursing Education Institutions in the country prompted the following research question: “How can leadership at a South African public nursing college be strengthened?” Rooted in the social constructionism paradigm, a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual, and collaborative research design was deemed the most appropriate to answer the research question. Having taken a strengths-based approach and assuming a dialectic stance, perspectives were obtained from the college leadership via an Appreciative Inquiry and from South African nursing education leadership experts by means of a modified Delphi. The data sets were separately analysed from which various themes and subthemes emerged. The findings were then synthesised and integrated to create a whole picture, which culminated in a framework that was validated by college stakeholders. The framework to strengthen leadership at a South African public nursing college offers transformational leadership approaches, leadership competency, and capacity development as its foundational aspects. Technology, research, and community engagement are supportive constructs, whilst governance, legislation, leadership, and policy together form the overarching element. With implementation and continuous research, each construct should be further developed. Although contextual, the findings could resonate with nursing education leadership elsewhere and be explored further by replicating the research. As the research product, the framework is considered to be a modest contribution to knowledge, and is presented in the belief that it could enable the college to successfully navigate its challenges and its transition into higher education.
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𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Leiers by hoëronderwysinstellings regoor die wêreld ondervind probleme wat voortspruit uit 'n magdom uitdagings wat deur die 21ste eeu teweeggebring is. Verpleegopleiding is nie vrygeskeld van hierdie eise nie, veral in ag genome verwagtinge van verpleegkundiges wat in die voorste linies werk met gesondheidstoestande wat voortdurend die menslike bestaan bedreig. Daarom is die dringende behoefte aan kwaliteit verpleegonderrig en opleiding in hierdie era onbetwisbaar. Te midde van hierdie bedreigings is Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkolleges besig om oor te skakel van provinsiale departemente van gesondheid na hoër onderwys om deel te vorm van 'n verenigde hoëronderwysstelsel. Die behoefte aan sterk leierskap is geïdentifiseer as 'n sleutelbepaler wat 'n spesifieke openbare verpleegkollege hierdie uitdagings kan help oorleef. 'n Gebrek aan bewyse dat leierskap by Verpleegonderwysinstellings in die land versterk word, het die volgende navorsingsvraag laat ontstaan: "Hoe kan leierskap by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkollege versterk word?" Gewortel in die sosiale konstruksionisme paradigma, is 'n kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende, kontekstuele en samewerkende navorsingsontwerp as die mees geskikte geag om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord. Deur ’n sterkpunte-gebaseerde en 'n dialektiese benadering in te neem, is perspektiewe vanaf die kollege-leierskap verkry via 'n Waarderende Ondersoek en van Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegonderwys se leierskap deskundiges deur middel van 'n gewysigde Delphi. Die datastelle is afsonderlik ontleed waaruit verskeie temas en subtemas na vore gekom het. Die bevindinge is toe gemaak en geïntegreer om 'n geheelbeeld te skep, wat uitgeloop het op 'n raamwerk wat deur kollege-belanghebbendes bekragtig is. Die raamwerk om leierskap by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkollege te versterk, bied transformasieleierskapbenaderings, leierskapbevoegdheid en kapasiteitsontwikkeling as die grondliggende aspekte daarvan. Tegnologie, navorsing en gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid is ondersteunende konstrukte, terwyl bestuur, wetgewing, leierskap en beleid saam die oorkoepelende element vorm. Met implementering en deurlopende navorsing moet elke konstruk verder ontwikkel word. Alhoewel kontekstueel, kan die bevindinge resoneer met verpleegonderwysleierskap elders en verder ondersoek word deur die navorsing te herhaal. As die navorsingsproduk word die raamwerk beskou as 'n beskeie bydrae tot kennis, en word dit aangebied in die oortuiging dat dit die kollege in staat kan stel om sy uitdagings en sy oorgang na hoër onderwys suksesvol te navigeer. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Baetapele diinstitjusheneng tsa thuto e phahameng ka lefatshe lohle ba tobane le mathata a bakwang ke diphephetso tse ngata tse bakilweng ke ngwahaketekgolo wa 21. Thuto ya baoki le yona ha e a qoba ditlhoko tsena; haholoholo ha re tadima ditebello tsa baoki ba sebetsang ka matla e le bona ba motheo mabapi le maemo a bophelo a tswelang pele ho hlasela bophelo ba batho. Ka lebaka leo, tlhoko e kgolo ya ho ba le thuto ya booki le kwetliso e nang le boleng ke taba e ke keng ya hanyetswa ho hang. Kgabareng ya diphephetso tsena, dikholetjhe tsa booki ba setjhaba tsa Afrika Borwa di ntse di fetoha ho tloha ho mafapha a bophelo a provense ho leba ho thuto e phahameng e le ho ba karolo ya tshebetso e kopaneng ya thuto e phahameng. Tlhokeho ya boetapele bo matla e hlwailwe e le sesosa sa bohlokwa seo ka sona Kholetjhe e ikgethileng ya booki e ka hlolang le ho rarolla diphephetso tsena. Ho hlokeha ha dintlha tsa tshehetso mabapi le matlafatso ya boetapele ba Diinstitjushene tsa Thuto ya Booki ka hara naha ho kgothaleditse potso e latelang ya diphuputso: “Boetapele ba Kholetjhe ya Afrika Borwa ya booki ba setjhaba bo ka matlafatswa jwang?” Karabo ya potso ena e theilwe hodima mokgahlelo wa kutlwisiso ya kaho ya mehopolo, boleng, tshibollo, bohlalosi, botaba ba ditaba, esita le diphuputso tsa kopanelo e le yona karabo e tshwanelehang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa potso ena ya diphuputso. Hoba ho ananelwe tshebediso ya katamelo ena, le ho sebedisa mokgwa wa dipuisano, ho ile ha fumaneha mekgwa e tswang ho boetapele ba Kholetjhe ho ya ka Patlisiso ka ho tsota le ho tswa ho ditsebi tsa boetapele ba booki mona Afrika Borwa ho ya ka Delphi e fetotsweng hanyenyane. Disete tsa deitha di ile tsa sekasekwa ka ho ikgetha ho tswa ho mookotaba o moholo le o monyenyane o hlahang. Diphihlello di ile tsa kopanywa mme tsa hokahanywa ho theha setshwantsho sohle se hlakileng, mme hona ho qeteletse e le moralo o ileng wa ananelwa ke ba amehang ba kholetjhe. Moralo wa ho matlafatsa boetapele ba Kholetjhe ya booki ba setjhaba mona Afrika Borwa o fana ka dikatamelo tsa boetapele bo fetohang, bokgoni ba boetapele, le kgodiso kapa ntshetsopele ya bokgoni e le dintlha tsa ona tsa motheo. Theknoloji, diphuputso le seabo sa setjhaba ke ditshehetso tsa ona athe puso, molao, boetapele, le leano, hammoho di bopa karolo e okametseng tsena tsohle. Ka ho sebediswa le ka ho etsa diphuputso kgafetsa, karolo ka nngwe ya tshehetso e lokela ho ntshetswa pele. Le hoja e le dintlha tsa botaba ba taba, diphihlello di ka amana le boetapele ba thuto ya booki mme tsa batlisiswa ho tswela pele ho hlahisa hape diphuputso tsena. Jwaloka sehlahiswa sa diphuputso, moralo ona o ananelwa ho ba diphehiso tsa bohlokwa tsebong, mme o hlahiswa ka tumelo ya hore o tla thusa kholetjhe ho sebetsa ka katleho ho hlola diphephetso le diphetoho tsa yona ho isa ho thuto e phahameng. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 Abaholi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme emhlabeni wonke babhekene nobunzima obubangelwa inqwaba yezinselelo ezethulwa ekhulwini lama-21. Imfundo yabahlengikazi ayikhululiwe kulezi zidingo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa okulindelwe abahlengikazi abasebenza phambili abanezimo zezempilo eziqhubeka nokusongela ukuphila kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, isidingo esikhulu semfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwezobuhlengikazi kule nkathi asinakuphikiswa. Phakathi kwalezi zinsongo, amakolishi obuhlengikazi aseNingizimu Afrikha ayashintsha esuka eminyangweni yezempilo yezifundazwe eya kwezemfundo ephakeme ukuze abe yingxenye yohlelo olubumbene lwemfundo ephakeme. Isidingo sobuholi obuqinile sihlonzwe njengesinqumo esibalulekile lapho ikolishi elithile labahlengikazi lingakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele. Ukushoda kobufakazi mayelana nokuqiniswa kobuholi Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Yabahlengikazi ezweni kubangele lo mbuzo wocwaningo: “Bungaqiniswa kanjani ubuholi ekolishi lobuhlengikazi eNingizimu Afrikha?” Njengoba igxilile ku-paradigm yokwakhiwa komphakathi, umklamo wocwaningo osezingeni eliphezulu, ohlolayo, ochazayo, onengqikithi, nowokubambisana uthathwe njengefaneleka kakhulu ukuphendula umbuzo wocwaningo. Ngemva kokuthatha indlela esekelwe emandleni kanye nokuthatha isimo se-dialectic, imibono yatholwa kubuholi bekolishi ngombuzo Wokubonga kanye nochwepheshe bobuholi bezemfundo yabahlengikazi baseNingizimu Afrikha kusetshenziswa i-Delphi eguquliwe. Amasethi edatha ahlaziywa ngokuhlukana okwavela kuwo izindikimba nezindikimba ezihlukahlukene. Okutholiwe kwabe sekuhlanganiswa futhi kwahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esiphelele, esifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngohlaka olwaqinisekiswa ababambiqhaza basekolishi. Uhlaka lokuqinisa ubuholi ekolishi labahlengikazi baseNingizimu Afrikha lunikeza izindlela zobuholi eziguquguqukayo, ikhono lobuholi, nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono njengezici zalo eziyisisekelo. Ubuchwepheshe, ucwaningo, nokusebenzelana nomphakathi ezakhiweni ezisekelayo, kuyilapho ukubusa, umthetho, ubuholi, kanye nenqubomgomo ndawonye kwakha isici esivelele. Ngokusetshenziswa kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo, ukwakhiwa ngakunye kufanele kuthuthukiswe. Nakuba kunomongo, okutholakele kungathintana nobuholi bezemfundo yabahlengikazi kwenye indawo futhi kubhekwe kabanzi ngokuphindaphinda ucwaningo. Njengomkhiqizo wocwaningo, uhlaka luthathwa njengomnikelo onesizotha olwazini, futhi lwethulwa ngenkolelo yokuthi lungenza ikolishi likwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo zalo ngempumelelo kanye nokudlulela emfundweni ephakeme. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Leiers by hoëronderwysinstellings regoor die wêreld ondervind probleme wat voortspruit uit 'n magdom uitdagings wat deur die 21ste eeu teweeggebring is. Verpleegopleiding is nie vrygeskeld van hierdie eise nie, veral in ag genome verwagtinge van verpleegkundiges wat in die voorste linies werk met gesondheidstoestande wat voortdurend die menslike bestaan bedreig. Daarom is die dringende behoefte aan kwaliteit verpleegonderrig en opleiding in hierdie era onbetwisbaar. Te midde van hierdie bedreigings is Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkolleges besig om oor te skakel van provinsiale departemente van gesondheid na hoër onderwys om deel te vorm van 'n verenigde hoëronderwysstelsel. Die behoefte aan sterk leierskap is geïdentifiseer as 'n sleutelbepaler wat 'n spesifieke openbare verpleegkollege hierdie uitdagings kan help oorleef. 'n Gebrek aan bewyse dat leierskap by Verpleegonderwysinstellings in die land versterk word, het die volgende navorsingsvraag laat ontstaan: "Hoe kan leierskap by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkollege versterk word?" Gewortel in die sosiale konstruksionisme paradigma, is 'n kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende, kontekstuele en samewerkende navorsingsontwerp as die mees geskikte geag om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord. Deur ’n sterkpunte-gebaseerde en 'n dialektiese benadering in te neem, is perspektiewe vanaf die kollege-leierskap verkry via 'n Waarderende Ondersoek en van Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegonderwys se leierskap deskundiges deur middel van 'n gewysigde Delphi. Die datastelle is afsonderlik ontleed waaruit verskeie temas en subtemas na vore gekom het. Die bevindinge is toe gemaak en geïntegreer om 'n geheelbeeld te skep, wat uitgeloop het op 'n raamwerk wat deur kollege-belanghebbendes bekragtig is. Die raamwerk om leierskap by 'n Suid-Afrikaanse openbare verpleegkollege te versterk, bied transformasieleierskapbenaderings, leierskapbevoegdheid en kapasiteitsontwikkeling as die grondliggende aspekte daarvan. Tegnologie, navorsing en gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid is ondersteunende konstrukte, terwyl bestuur, wetgewing, leierskap en beleid saam die oorkoepelende element vorm. Met implementering en deurlopende navorsing moet elke konstruk verder ontwikkel word. Alhoewel kontekstueel, kan die bevindinge resoneer met verpleegonderwysleierskap elders en verder ondersoek word deur die navorsing te herhaal. As die navorsingsproduk word die raamwerk beskou as 'n beskeie bydrae tot kennis, en word dit aangebied in die oortuiging dat dit die kollege in staat kan stel om sy uitdagings en sy oorgang na hoër onderwys suksesvol te navigeer. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Baetapele diinstitjusheneng tsa thuto e phahameng ka lefatshe lohle ba tobane le mathata a bakwang ke diphephetso tse ngata tse bakilweng ke ngwahaketekgolo wa 21. Thuto ya baoki le yona ha e a qoba ditlhoko tsena; haholoholo ha re tadima ditebello tsa baoki ba sebetsang ka matla e le bona ba motheo mabapi le maemo a bophelo a tswelang pele ho hlasela bophelo ba batho. Ka lebaka leo, tlhoko e kgolo ya ho ba le thuto ya booki le kwetliso e nang le boleng ke taba e ke keng ya hanyetswa ho hang. Kgabareng ya diphephetso tsena, dikholetjhe tsa booki ba setjhaba tsa Afrika Borwa di ntse di fetoha ho tloha ho mafapha a bophelo a provense ho leba ho thuto e phahameng e le ho ba karolo ya tshebetso e kopaneng ya thuto e phahameng. Tlhokeho ya boetapele bo matla e hlwailwe e le sesosa sa bohlokwa seo ka sona Kholetjhe e ikgethileng ya booki e ka hlolang le ho rarolla diphephetso tsena. Ho hlokeha ha dintlha tsa tshehetso mabapi le matlafatso ya boetapele ba Diinstitjushene tsa Thuto ya Booki ka hara naha ho kgothaleditse potso e latelang ya diphuputso: “Boetapele ba Kholetjhe ya Afrika Borwa ya booki ba setjhaba bo ka matlafatswa jwang?” Karabo ya potso ena e theilwe hodima mokgahlelo wa kutlwisiso ya kaho ya mehopolo, boleng, tshibollo, bohlalosi, botaba ba ditaba, esita le diphuputso tsa kopanelo e le yona karabo e tshwanelehang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa potso ena ya diphuputso. Hoba ho ananelwe tshebediso ya katamelo ena, le ho sebedisa mokgwa wa dipuisano, ho ile ha fumaneha mekgwa e tswang ho boetapele ba Kholetjhe ho ya ka Patlisiso ka ho tsota le ho tswa ho ditsebi tsa boetapele ba booki mona Afrika Borwa ho ya ka Delphi e fetotsweng hanyenyane. Disete tsa deitha di ile tsa sekasekwa ka ho ikgetha ho tswa ho mookotaba o moholo le o monyenyane o hlahang. Diphihlello di ile tsa kopanywa mme tsa hokahanywa ho theha setshwantsho sohle se hlakileng, mme hona ho qeteletse e le moralo o ileng wa ananelwa ke ba amehang ba kholetjhe. Moralo wa ho matlafatsa boetapele ba Kholetjhe ya booki ba setjhaba mona Afrika Borwa o fana ka dikatamelo tsa boetapele bo fetohang, bokgoni ba boetapele, le kgodiso kapa ntshetsopele ya bokgoni e le dintlha tsa ona tsa motheo. Theknoloji, diphuputso le seabo sa setjhaba ke ditshehetso tsa ona athe puso, molao, boetapele, le leano, hammoho di bopa karolo e okametseng tsena tsohle. Ka ho sebediswa le ka ho etsa diphuputso kgafetsa, karolo ka nngwe ya tshehetso e lokela ho ntshetswa pele. Le hoja e le dintlha tsa botaba ba taba, diphihlello di ka amana le boetapele ba thuto ya booki mme tsa batlisiswa ho tswela pele ho hlahisa hape diphuputso tsena. Jwaloka sehlahiswa sa diphuputso, moralo ona o ananelwa ho ba diphehiso tsa bohlokwa tsebong, mme o hlahiswa ka tumelo ya hore o tla thusa kholetjhe ho sebetsa ka katleho ho hlola diphephetso le diphetoho tsa yona ho isa ho thuto e phahameng. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 Abaholi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme emhlabeni wonke babhekene nobunzima obubangelwa inqwaba yezinselelo ezethulwa ekhulwini lama-21. Imfundo yabahlengikazi ayikhululiwe kulezi zidingo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa okulindelwe abahlengikazi abasebenza phambili abanezimo zezempilo eziqhubeka nokusongela ukuphila kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, isidingo esikhulu semfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwezobuhlengikazi kule nkathi asinakuphikiswa. Phakathi kwalezi zinsongo, amakolishi obuhlengikazi aseNingizimu Afrikha ayashintsha esuka eminyangweni yezempilo yezifundazwe eya kwezemfundo ephakeme ukuze abe yingxenye yohlelo olubumbene lwemfundo ephakeme. Isidingo sobuholi obuqinile sihlonzwe njengesinqumo esibalulekile lapho ikolishi elithile labahlengikazi lingakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zinselele. Ukushoda kobufakazi mayelana nokuqiniswa kobuholi Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Yabahlengikazi ezweni kubangele lo mbuzo wocwaningo: “Bungaqiniswa kanjani ubuholi ekolishi lobuhlengikazi eNingizimu Afrikha?” Njengoba igxilile ku-paradigm yokwakhiwa komphakathi, umklamo wocwaningo osezingeni eliphezulu, ohlolayo, ochazayo, onengqikithi, nowokubambisana uthathwe njengefaneleka kakhulu ukuphendula umbuzo wocwaningo. Ngemva kokuthatha indlela esekelwe emandleni kanye nokuthatha isimo se-dialectic, imibono yatholwa kubuholi bekolishi ngombuzo Wokubonga kanye nochwepheshe bobuholi bezemfundo yabahlengikazi baseNingizimu Afrikha kusetshenziswa i-Delphi eguquliwe. Amasethi edatha ahlaziywa ngokuhlukana okwavela kuwo izindikimba nezindikimba ezihlukahlukene. Okutholiwe kwabe sekuhlanganiswa futhi kwahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esiphelele, esifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngohlaka olwaqinisekiswa ababambiqhaza basekolishi. Uhlaka lokuqinisa ubuholi ekolishi labahlengikazi baseNingizimu Afrikha lunikeza izindlela zobuholi eziguquguqukayo, ikhono lobuholi, nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono njengezici zalo eziyisisekelo. Ubuchwepheshe, ucwaningo, nokusebenzelana nomphakathi ezakhiweni ezisekelayo, kuyilapho ukubusa, umthetho, ubuholi, kanye nenqubomgomo ndawonye kwakha isici esivelele. Ngokusetshenziswa kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo, ukwakhiwa ngakunye kufanele kuthuthukiswe. Nakuba kunomongo, okutholakele kungathintana nobuholi bezemfundo yabahlengikazi kwenye indawo futhi kubhekwe kabanzi ngokuphindaphinda ucwaningo. Njengomkhiqizo wocwaningo, uhlaka luthathwa njengomnikelo onesizotha olwazini, futhi lwethulwa ngenkolelo yokuthi lungenza ikolishi likwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo zalo ngempumelelo kanye nokudlulela emfundweni ephakeme. ___________________________________________________________________
Description
Thesis (Ph.D.(Nursing))--University of the Free State, 2021
Keywords
Nursing education and training, South African public nursing college, Nursing and leadership