Understanding factors affecting technology entrepreneurship of university-incubated firms
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Date
2022
Authors
Rambe, Patient
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University of the Free State
Abstract in other languages 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘯𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘚𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘐𝘴𝘪𝘡𝘶𝘭𝘶
Abstract in other languages 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘯𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘚𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘐𝘴𝘪𝘡𝘶𝘭𝘶
Abstract
𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉
Despite the consensus in entrepreneurship literature on the significant contribution of technology business incubation to the realisation of technology entrepreneurship, the range of factors that merge with technology business incubation to shape technology entrepreneurship remains highly contentious. For instance, some studies have placed exclusive emphasis on individual psychological and cognitive factors (e.g., poor business knowledge, limited experience and perceived entrepreneurship capabilities) as explanations for low technology business incubation and poor technology entrepreneurship outcomes. Yet, other studies have concentrated on institutional levels factors such as inadequate incubation support (e.g., the lack of physical capital, social capital and intellectual capital) as critical explanations for suboptimal technology business incubation and technology entrepreneurship outcomes. To further compound the puzzle on key drivers of these business outcomes, other scholars have foregrounded systemic level factors (e.g., national entrepreneurship policy, regional innovation culture, regional SMME funding, the legitimacy of incubators’ mediation of business networks, and system-wide partnerships and collaborations) as contributing to technology business incubation and technology entrepreneurship. The emphasis on the aforesaid different layers of analysis (i.e., individual, institutional and environmental factors) precludes entrepreneurship scholars from developing an integrated picture of these factors to provide a more nuanced and holistic account of factors affecting technology business incubation and technology entrepreneurship.
The scientific gap this study explores, therefore, is the varying, hierarchical but partial explanations for low technology business incubation and suboptimal technology entrepreneurship outcomes (i.e., few commercialised applications, low business growth and financial sustainability), which complicate the creation of synergy from individual, institutional and environmental factors affecting technology business incubation to generate technology entrepreneurship, when these factors are considered individually and selectively. The study draws on a humanist perspective and interpretive phenomenology involving two cases of university-based incubation ecosystem actors drawn from a population of 65 participants to provide a comprehensive account of the diverse factors that coalesce around technology business incubation to influence technology entrepreneurship. The phenomenological study which covered 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews, 2 focus group discussions and an extensive review of documents revealed that, scripts, intuition, physical capital, social capital, intellectual capital, national entrepreneurship policy and regional innovation culture were the main individual, institutional and environmental factors that merge with technology business incubation to influence technology entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study established that, at technology business incubation level, gut feelings were critical in incubation decisions such as investment deals, procurement decisions, concluding sales deals, determining product prices, investigating reasons for cancelling of product purchases and managing partnerships. Regarding the realisation of technology entrepreneurship, gut feelings were instrumental in optimising opportunity exploitation in the innovation ecosystem, especially locating new customers, new investment and funding opportunities, which culminated in increased revenue base, return on investment and profit margins of technology startups. Scripts were instrumental in navigating the entrepreneurial stages, especially ascertaining the value proposition, prototype development, securing client feedback during product tests, launching new technology innovation products and ascertaining perceived risks for products in the market.
Concerning the advancement of technology entrepreneurship, when the lean canvas business model was applied as a script, the script enabled incubatees to develop an innovative lens to the entire technology business development process – optimising the pricing of products, revenue generation and sustainable technology innovation for startups. From a technology entrepreneurship perspective, the provision of physical capital to incubatees provided a central nodal point for incubatees to access new customers, augmenting opportunities for concluding more sales of technology products and services and increasing the revenue base for these tenants. Incubation sponsors’ availing of social capital through the creation of an innovation platform for promoting incubation sponsor-incubatee networking enabled incubatees to hone their innovative ideas, perfect their technology products and solutions leading to more effective commercialisation of their innovations. The provision of human capital training in legal matters, technical and advisory services, grant proposal development, and accessing venture capital catalysed incubatees to develop a more sophisticated view of the venture development process, enabling them to better identify and exploit new scientific and technology innovations, which created avenues for firm expansion and financial growth. From a technology business incubation perspective, national policy shaped the regional innovation development programmes that strengthened the formation of the regional innovation ecosystem, which influenced the localisation of technology innovations at the grassroots. Regional innovation culture enabled knowledge spillovers that unfolded among universities, industry and firms in the incubation ecosystem, allowing business startups to leverage the intellectual property created by or through universities, even though a dearth of technology innovations persisted outside university contexts. Regarding its contribution to technology entrepreneurship, national entrepreneurship policy directed universities to identify academics and students that possess innovative ideas with potential for commercialisation to form technology startups and emphasised the creation a cohort of entrepreneurs who could generate patents, startups and spinouts that create jobs, fuelling economic growth and national wealth creation. The study contributes to theory, model development, methodology, policy and practice. The study contributes to theoretical knowledge on university technology business incubation by illustrating the combination of individual, institutional and environmental factors that merge to shape technology business incubation in ways that contribute to the realisation of technology entrepreneurship.
The study draws on complementarities of institutional theory and resource-based view to demonstrate how incubation rules and norms shape incubatees’ venture development behaviours and how the superiority of resources served as a differentiating factor in incubatees’ decisions to join private technology business incubators or remain in their incumbent university-based incubators. The study employed contextual embeddedness and resource differentiation as concepts that integrate the resource-based view and institutional theory in showing how different incubatees at various stages of their entrepreneurial journeys need distinct types of resources and forms of support to realise technology incubation and technology entreprepreneurship. The study also employed policy diversity and strategic alignment of institutional stakeholders and incubation processes to the resource endowments and situated contexts of these actors to establish entrepreneurial and incubation ecosystems germane to the level of entrepreneurial maturity, resource affordances and capabilities of these stakeholders in that ecosystem. The study developed a conceptual model based on the combination of individual, institutional and environmental factors whose synergy with technology business incubation contributed to the realisation of technology entrepreneurship. Methodologically, the study develops an integrated approach that merged the supply-side approach (technology business incubator perspectives) with demand-side approach (technology business incubatees perspectives) thereby providing a more inclusive, comprehensive perspective on the dynamics of business incubation and technology entrepreneurship. The study makes some policy recommendations concerning the development of resource mobilisation strategy for incubatees well aligned to their preferred funding mechanisms, development of comprehensive policies explaining different funding models, mechanisms, and instruments and their trade-offs. It also recommends the development of a context-embedded approach to modelling and implementing regional innovation ecosystems to improve the effectiveness of innovation ecosystems and developing an ecological policy framework for incubation ecosystems framed around the prioritisation and ranking of incubation factors in terms of their importance, relevance and socio-economic impact.
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𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Ten spyte van die konsensus in entrepreneurskapliteratuur oor die beduidende bydrae van tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie tot die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, bly die reeks faktore wat saamsmelt met tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te vorm hoogs omstrede. Sommige studies het byvoorbeeld eksklusief die klem geplaas op individuele sielkundige en kognitiewe faktore (bv. swak besigheidskennis, beperkte ondervinding en waargenome entrepreneurskapvermoëns) as verduidelikings vir lae tegnologie besigheidsinkubasie en swak tegnologie entrepreneurskap uitkomste. Tog het ander studies gekonsentreer op faktore op institusionele vlak, soos onvoldoende inkubasie-ondersteuning (bv. die gebrek aan fisiese kapitaal, sosiale kapitaal en intellektuele kapitaal) as kritieke verklarings vir suboptimale tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie en tegnologiese entrepreneurskapuitkomste. Om die legkaart oor sleuteldrywers van hierdie besigheidsuitkomste verder te bemoeilik, het ander vakkundiges sistemiese vlak faktore (bv. nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid, streeksinnovasiekultuur, streeksbefondsing van KMMOs, die legitimiteit van leerskole se bemiddeling van besigheidsnetwerke, en stelselwye vennootskappe) op die voorgrond geplaas, dat dit bydra tot tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Die klem op die voorgenoemde verskillende lae van analise (d.w.s. individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore) verhinder entrepreneurskapstudente om 'n geïntegreerde prentjie van hierdie faktore te ontwikkel om 'n meer genuanseerde en holistiese weergawe van faktore te verskaf wat tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap beïnvloed. Die wetenskaplike leemte wat hierdie studie ondersoek, is dus die wisselende, hiërargiese maar gedeeltelike verklarings vir lae tegnologie besigheidsinkubasie en suboptimale tegnologie entrepreneurskap uitkomste (d.w.s. min gekommersialiseerde toepassings, lae besigheidsgroei en finansiële volhoubaarheid), wat die skepping van sinergie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore bemoeilik om tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie te beïnvloed om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te genereer, wanneer hierdie faktore individueel en selektief oorweeg word. Die studie steun op 'n humanistiese perspektief en interpretatiewe fenomenologie wat twee gevalle van universiteitsgebaseerde inkubasie-ekosisteemakteurs betrek wat uit 'n groep van 65 deelnemers getrek is om 'n omvattende weergawe te verskaf van die diverse faktore wat saamsmelt rondom tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te beïnvloed. Die fenomenologiese studie wat 30 in-diepte semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, 2 fokusgroepbesprekings en 'n uitgebreide hersiening van dokumente gedek het, het aan die lig gebring dat skrifte, intuïsie, fisiese kapitaal, sosiale kapitaal, intellektuele kapitaal, nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid en streeksinnovasiekultuur die belangrikste individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore was wat saamsmelt met tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie om tegnologiese entrepreneurskap te beïnvloed. Verder het die studie vasgestel dat, op tegnologiese sake-inkubasievlak, instink instrumenteel was in inkubasiebesluite soos beleggingstransaksies, verkrygingsbesluite, die sluiting van verkoopstransaksies, die bepaling van produkpryse, die ondersoek van redes vir die kansellasie van produkaankope en die bestuur van vennootskappe. Wat die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap betref, was instink instrumenteel in die optimalisering van geleentheidsuitbuiting in die innovasie-ekosisteem, veral die opspoor van nuwe kliënte, nuwe beleggings- en befondsingsgeleenthede, wat bygedra het tot ’n verhoogde inkomstebasis, opbrengs op belegging en winsmarges van nuwe tegnologie-ondernemings. Voorskrifte was instrumenteel in die navigasie van die entrepreneuriese stadiums, veral om die waardeproposisie en prototipe-ontwikkeling te bepaal, asook die terugvoer van kliënte tydens produktoetse te verseker, nuwe tegnologie-innovasieprodukte bekend te stel en waargeneemde risiko's vir produkte in die mark vas te stel. Met betrekking tot die bevordering van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, toe die “lean canvas”-besigheidsmodel as 'n voorskrif toegepas is, het die voorskrif inkubate in staat gestel om 'n innoverende lens vir die hele tegnologie-besigheidsontwikkelingsproses te ontwikkel – die prysbepaling van produkte, inkomstegenerering en volhoubare tegnologie-innovasie vir nuwe ondernemings geoptimaliseer het. Vanuit 'n tegnologie-entrepreneurskapperspektief het die voorsiening van fisiese kapitaal aan inkubate 'n sentrale aanknooppunt vir inkubate gebied om toegang tot nuwe kliënte te kry, geleenthede aangevul het om meer transaksies van tegnologiese produkte en dienste te beklink en die inkomstebasis vir hierdie huurders te vergroot. Inkubasieborge se benutting van sosiale kapitaal deur die skepping van 'n innovasieplatform vir die bevordering van netwerke het inkubate in staat gestel om hul innoverende idees te slyp, hul tegnologieprodukte en oplossings te vervolmaak wat lei tot meer effektiewe kommersialisering van hul innovasies. Die verskaffing van mensekapitaalopleiding in regsaangeleenthede, tegniese en adviesdienste, ontwikkeling van toekenningsvoorstelle, en toegang tot waagkapitaal, het inkubate aangemoedig om 'n meer gesofistikeerde siening van die ondernemingsontwikkelingsproses te ontwikkel, wat hulle in staat stel om nuwe wetenskaplike en tegnologiese innovasies beter te identifiseer en te ontgin, wat uitbreidings- en finansiële groeigeleenthede geskep het. Vanuit 'n tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie-perspektief, het nasionale beleid die streeksinnovasie-ontwikkelingsprogramme gevorm wat die vorming van die streeksinnovasie-ekosisteem versterk het, wat die lokalisering van tegnologie-innovasies by die voetsoolvlak beïnvloed het. Streeksinnovasiekultuur het kennisuitvloeisels moontlik gemaak wat onder universiteite, nywerhede en firmas in die inkubasie-ekosisteem ontvou het, wat sakeondernemings in staat gestel het om die intellektuele eiendom wat deur of via universiteite geskep is, te benut, selfs al het 'n gebrek aan tegnologie-innovasies buite universiteitskontekste voortgeduur. Met betrekking tot sy bydrae tot tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, het nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid universiteite gelas om akademici en studente te identifiseer wat oor innoverende idees beskik met potensiaal vir kommersialisering om nuwe tegnologie-ondernemings te vorm, en het klem gelê op die skepping van 'n groep entrepreneurs wat patente, beginondernemings en voortspruitende idees kan genereer wat werk skep, wat ekonomiese groei en nasionale welvaartskepping kan aanvuur. Die studie dra by tot teorie, modelontwikkeling, metodologie, beleid en praktyk. Die studie dra by tot teoretiese kennis oor universiteitstegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie deur die kombinasie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore te illustreer wat saamsmelt om tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie te vorm op maniere wat bydra tot die verwesenliking van tegnologiese entrepreneurskap. Die studie maak gebruik van aanvullings tot die institusionele teorie en hulpbron-gebaseerde siening om te demonstreer hoe inkubasiereëls en -norme inkubatees se ondernemingsontwikkelingsgedrag vorm en hoe die superioriteit van hulpbronne gedien het as 'n onderskeidende faktor in inkubate se besluite om by private tegnologiebesigheidsleerskole aan te sluit of in hul gevestigde universiteitsgebaseerde leerskole te bly. Die studie het kontekstuele inbedding en hulpbrondifferensiasie gebruik as konsepte wat die hulpbrongebaseerde siening en institusionele teorie integreer om te wys hoe verskillende inkubate op verskeie stadiums van hul entrepreneuriese reise verskillende tipes hulpbronne en vorme van ondersteuning nodig het om tegnologie-inkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te verwesenlik. Die studie het ook beleidsdiversiteit en strategiese belyning van institusionele belanghebbendes en inkubasieprosesse tot die hulpbrontoekeninge en gesitueerde kontekste van hierdie deelnemers aangewend om entrepreneuriese en inkubasie-ekosisteme te vestig wat gepas is op die vlak van entrepreneuriese volwassenheid, hulpbronbeskikbaarheid en vermoëns van hierdie belanghebbendes in daardie ekosisteem. Die studie het 'n konseptuele model ontwikkel wat gebaseer is op die kombinasie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore wie se sinergie met tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie bygedra het tot die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Metodologies ontwikkel die studie 'n geïntegreerde benadering wat die aanbodkant-benadering (tegnologie-besigheidsinkubatorperspektiewe) saamgesmelt het met die vraagkantbenadering (tegnologie-besigheidsinkubateesperspektiewe) en sodoende 'n meer inklusiewe, omvattende perspektief op die dinamika van besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Die studie maak 'n paar beleidsaanbevelings rakende die ontwikkeling van hulpbronmobiliseringstrategie vir inkubate wat goed in lyn is met hul voorkeurbefondsingsmeganismes, ontwikkeling van omvattende beleidstellings wat verskillende befondsingsmodelle, -meganismes en -instrumente en hul gevolge verduidelik. Dit beveel ook die ontwikkeling van 'n konteks-geïntegreerde benadering tot modellering en implementering van streeksinnovasie-ekosisteme aan om die doeltreffendheid van innovasie-ekosisteme te verbeter en die ontwikkeling van 'n ekologiese beleidsraamwerk vir inkubasie-ekosisteme wat rondom die prioritisering en rangskikking van inkubasiefaktore in terme van hul belangrikheid, relevansie en sosio-ekonomiese impak gerangskik is.. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Le ka ntle ho tumellano ya bohle ho dingolwa tsa boithuti ba kgwebo mabapi le seabo sa bohlokwa sa tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji bakeng sa phihlello ya boithuti ba theknoloji, dintlha tse ngata tse hlahellang malebana le tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji e sa ntse e le sesosa se seholo sa ngangisano. Ha re tea ka mohlala, tse ding tsa diphuputso di ile tsa hatella haholo tshebetso ya monahano wa motho ka mong esita le dintlha tsa monahano (mohlala, tsebo e fokolang ya kgwebo, boiphihlelo bo haellang le bokgoni bo lebeletsweng ba boithuti ba kgwebo) e le ditlhaloso tsa bofokodi ba tshireletso e tlase ya kgwebo ya theknoloji esita le diphetho tse fokolang tsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Leha ho le jwalo, diphuputso tse ding di tobokeditse haholo hodima dintlha tsa boemo ba institjushene tse kang tshehetso e fokolang ya tshireletso (mohlala, tlhoko ya disebediswa, setjhaba le bokgoni ba monahano kapa bofokodi ba kelello) e le ditlhaloso tsa bohlokwa bakeng sa tshireletso e sa atlehang ya kgwebo ka theknoloji esita le diphetho tsa thuto ya kgwebo. E le ho eketsa hodima dintlha tsena tsa motheo tsa diphetho tsa kgwebo, baithuti ba bang ba hateletse dintlha tsa boemo ba tshebetso (mohlala, leano la naha la boithuti ba kgwebo, moetlo wa lebatowa wa boitshimollelo, tshehetso ya ditjhelete tsa lebatowa la SMME, tokelo ya bonamodi ba basireletsi ba maranrang a kgwebo, le tshebedisanommoho kapa ditshebeletsano) di na le seabo bakeng sa tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji le boithuti ba theknoloji. Toboketso ya mekgahlelo ena e boletsweng ka hodimo ya tshekatsheko (e leng, motho ka mong, institjushene le tikoloho) e thibela baithuti ba kgwebo ho theha setshwantsho se hokahaneng sa dintlha tsena e le ho fana ka tlhakisetso e ntjha empa e akaretsang ya dintlha tse amang tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji esita le boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Sekgeo sa tsebo seo diphuputso tsena di se sibollang, ka tsela e jwalo, ke ho fapana ho latelana ka maemo a bophahamo empa ka ditlhaloso tse sa fellang bakeng sa tshireletso e tlase ya kgwebo le diphetho tse haellang tsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji (ke ho re, tshebetso tse mmalwa tsa moruo, kgolo e fokolang ya kgwebo le tshwarello ya tjhelete), e leng tse sitisang kgokahano dintlha tsa motho ka mong, institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse amang tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ho hodisa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, ha dintlha tsena di tadingwa ka bonngwe le ka ho kgethwa. Diphuputso tsena di sebedisa katamelo ya botho le tjhadimo ya kutlwisiso e amang diketsahalo tse pedi tsa baphethahatsi ba university-based incubation ecosystem tse theilweng ho bankakarolo ba 65 e le ho fana ka tlhahiso e qaqileng ya dintlha tse fapaneng tse dumellanang mabapi le tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji e le ho tshwaetsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Diphuputso tsena tse ikgethang tse akaretsang dipuisano tse 30 tsa sebopeho sa tsona, dipuisano tse 2 tsa sehlopha sa tekolo le tekolobotjha e matla ya ditokomane di bontshitse hore dingolwa, thuto ya tlhaho, thepa e tshwarehang, setjhaba, boleng ba menahano, leano la naha la thuto ya kgwebo esita le moetlo wa lebatowa wa boitshimollelo, dintlha tsa institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse kopanang hammoho le tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji e le ho ntlafatsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Ho feta mona, diphuputso di sibolotse hore boemong ba tshireletso ya kgwebo, ho na le maikutlo a tebileng bakeng sa diqeto tsa tshireletso jwaloka tshebetso ya matsete, diqeto tsa ho reka, ho qetela tshebetso ya dithekiso, ho beha ditheko tsa dihlahiswa, ho batlisisa mabaka a ho hlakola ho rekwa ha dihlahiswa, esita le ho baballa tshebedisano ya kopanelo. Mabapi le temoho ya boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, maikutlo a tebileng e ne e le a bohlokwa bakeng sa ho eketsa menyetla ya tshebediso bakeng sa tshebetso ya tikoloho, haholoholo ho fumana sebaka sa bareki, matsete a matjha le menyetla ya tshehetso ya ditjhelete, e qetellang ka keketseho ya matlotlo, puseletso ya matsete le meedi ya phaello ya ho theha theknoloji. Dingolwa di ne di le molemo bakeng sa ho hlalosa boithuti ba kgwebo, haholoholo ho tsepamisa boleng, ntshetsopele ya metheo, ho fana ka tlhakisetso ho bareki kamora ho etsa diteko tsa dihlahiswa, ho kgakola dihlahiswa tse ntjha tsa boitshimollelo tsa theknoloji le ho nnetefatsa kgonahalo ya dikotsi tse ka bang teng bakeng sa dihlahiswa mmarakeng. Mabapi le ntshetsopele ya thuto ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, ha ho sebediswa mokgwa wa boitshimollelo wa ho bapatsa kgwebo wa ‘sengolwa sa papatso’ jwaloka sengolwa, sengolwa se thusitse basireletsi ho theha tjhadimo bakeng sa tshebetso ka kakaretso ya ntshetsopele ya kgwebo – ho hlokomela ka nepo ho behwa ha ditheko tsa dihlahiswa, ho eketsa matlole esita le boitshimollelo bo tshwarellang ba theknoloji bakeng sa bomaithutwane. Ho ya ka tjhadimo ya boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, phano ya thepa e tshwarehang ho basireletsi e fane ka molemo o moholo ho basireletsi ho fumana bareki ba batjha, ho tlatseletsa menyetla ya ho qetella dithekiso tse ngata tsa theknoloji tsa dihlahiswa le ditshebeletso le ho eketsa motheo wa matlole bakeng sa basebeletsi bana. Ho fana ka basebetsi kapa setjhaba se thusang batshehetsi ba basireletsi ka ho theha monyetla wa boitshimollelo bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele dikamano tsa basireletsi ba tsheheditsweng hore ba kgone ho sebedisa menahano ya bona ya boitshimollelo, ho matlafatsa dihlahiswa tsa bona tsa theknoloji le ditharollo tse lebisang ho kgwebisano ka boitshimollelo boo ba bona. Phumantsho ya bakwetlisi ba basebetsi ditabeng tsa molao, ditshebeletso tsa botekgeniki le tsa boeletsi, ho theha ntshetsopele ya tlhahiso, le ho fa basireletsi monyetla wa boiteko ba ho ntshetsa pele katamelo e ntjha ya tshebetso ya boiteko, e le ho ba thusa ho fumana mokgwa o motjha wa ho hlwaya le ho sebedisa mokgwa o motjha wa boitshimollelo wa mahlale le theknoloji, o theileng mekgwa e meng e tiileng ya katoloso le katiso ya tjhelete. Ho ya ka tjhadimo ya tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, leano la naha le theile sebopeho sa mananeo a ntshetsopele ya boitshimollelo a lebatowa a matlafaditseng ho thehwa ha tshebetso ya tikoloho ya boitshimollelo ba lebatowa, e leng ho tshwaeditseng ho ananelwa boemong ba lehae ba boitshimollelo ba theknoloji maemong a tlase a setjhaba. Moetlo wa boitshimollelo ba lebatowa o thusitse bahasi ba tsebo ba hlahileng ho ya ka diyunivesithi tse fapaneng, indasteri le difeme ka hara tshebetso ya tikoloho ya tshireletso, ho thusa bomaithutwane ho hlahisa le ho sebedisa thepa ya mahlale a kelello a theilweng ke diyunivesithi, le hoja tlhoko ya boitshimollelo ba theknoloji bo hlile bo qala ka thoko ho meedi ya yunivesithi. Mabapi le seabo sa tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, leano la naha la tsebo ya kgwebo le laetse diyunivesithi ho hlwaya barutehi le baithuti ba nang le menahano ya boitshimollelo e ka thehang bokgoni ba kgwebo ho qala metheo ya theknoloji mme le tobokeditse ho thehwa ha sehlopha sa ditsebi tsa kgwebo vi tse ka hlahisang mangolo a tokelo ka molao wa basebetsi ba bomaithutwane le lekeno la ho theha mesebetsi, ho ntshetsa pele kgolo ya moruo le ho theha letlotlo kapa leruo la naha. Thuto ena e thusa ka teori, ntshetsopele ya mokgwa, melawana le mabaka a taolo ya mokgwa, leano le phethahatso. Thuto ena thusa ho fana ka tsebo ya teori bakeng sa tshireletso ya tsebo ya yunivesithi ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ka ho hlakisa dintlha tsa kamano ya motho ka mong, institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse hlahileng ho bopa tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ka mekgwa e thusang bakeng sa ho tseba haholwanyane ka tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Thuto ena e tlatseletsa teori ya institjushene le monahano o theilweng hodima phumano ya mehlodi e le ho bontsha kamoo melao ya tshireletso le ditlwaelo di bopang boitshwaro ba boiteko ba mosireletsi ka teng le kamoo ho ananelwa haholo ha mehlodi ho sebetsang e le ntlha ya phapano bakeng sa diqeto tsa basireletsi ho kenela kgwebo ya basireletsi ba theknoloji ba poraefete kapa ba dule e ntse e le basireletsi boemong ba yunivesithi ho ya ka tlwaelo. Thuto ena e sebedisitse maemo a kutlwisiso le mefuta ya mehlodi e le mantswe a hokelang mohopolo o theilweng mehloding esita le teori ya institjushene bakeng sa ho bontsha kamoo basireletsi ba fapaneng maemong a fapaneng a maeto a a kgwebo, a hlokang mefuta e fapaneng ya mehlodi le mekgwa ya tshehetso, e le ho hlokomela tshireletso ya theknoloji le kgwebo ya theknoloji. Thuto ena e theilwe ka mokgwa wa tshebediso ya mohopolo o theilweng ka monahano wa motho ka mong, thuto ena e theile mokgwa wa monahano o theilweng hodima motho ka mong, institjushene le dintlha tsa tikoloho tseo ha di kopana le tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji di bakileng tlhokomelo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Ho ya ka tshebediso ya mokgwa o itseng, thuto ena e theha katamelo e hokahaneng e kopantseng katamelo ya phepelo (technology business incubator perspectives) hammoho le katamelo ya tlhoko (technology business incubatees perspectives) mme ka hona e fana ka mokgwa wa kutlwisiso o lomahaneng, o feletseng wa makgabane a tshireletso ya kgwebo le tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Thuto ena e etsa dikgothaletso tsa leano tse mabapi le ntshetsopele ya mokgwa wa kgodiso ya mehlodi bakeng sa basireletsi hore e tsamaelane le mekgwa ya bona e kgothaletswang ya katiso ya matlole, mekgwa ya mefutafuta, ntshetsopele ya maano a hlakileng a hlalosang mekgwa ya katiso ya matlole, mekgwa ya mefutafuta, le disebediswa le dithekiso tsa yona. E bile e kgothaletsa ntshetsopele ya katamelo ya maemo bakeng sa tshebediso boitshimollelo ba lebatowa ba tshebetso ya tikoloho e le ho ntlafatsa bohlwahlwa ba tshebetso ya tikoloho ya boitshimollelo le ho theha moralo wa leano wa tikoloho o theilweng hodima kgothaletso le tlhophiso ya tatelano ya dintlha tsa tshireletso tsa tshebetso ya tikoloho le ho hlophisa dintlha tsa tshireletso ho ya ka bohlokwa, tshwaneleho le sekgahla se itseng moruong wa setjhaba. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 Naphezu kokuvumelana ezincwadini zamabhizinisi mayelana neqhaza elibalulekile lokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ekufezekisweni kohwebo kwezobuchwepheshe, uhla lwezinto ezihlangana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kulolonge ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe kusalokhu kunempikiswano enkulu. Isibonelo, ezinye izifundo zibeke ukugcizelela okukhethekile ezicini zomuntu ngamunye ezingokwengqondo nezokuqonda (isb., ulwazi olungeluhle lwebhizinisi, ulwazi olulinganiselwe kanye namakhono acatshangwayo osomabhizinisi) njengezincazelo zokukhula kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphansi kanye nemiphumela engemihle yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zigxile emazingeni ezikhungo njengokwesekwa okwanele kwamabhizinisi (isb., ukuntuleka kwezimali ezibonakalayo, imali yezenhlalakahle kanye nemali yobuhlakani) njengezincazelo ezibucayi ze-incubation yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphansi kanye nemiphumela yokuhweba ngobuchwepheshe. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuhlanganiswe indida emiqhudelwaneni eyinhloko yale miphumela yebhizinisi, ezinye izifundiswa ziye zandulela izici zesistimu (isib., inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi, isiko lokusungula izinto ezintsha zesifunda, uxhaso lwesifunda lwama-SMME, ukuba semthethweni kokulamula kwama-incubator kumanethiwekhi ebhizinisi, kanye nobudlelwano besistimu yonke. kanye nokusebenzisana) njengokufaka isandla ekufukameleni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe kanye namabhizinisi ezobuchwepheshe. Ukugcizelelwa kwezingqinamba ezihlukahlukene zokuhlaziya ezishiwo ngenhla (okungukuthi, izici zomuntu ngamunye, zesikhungo nezemvelo) kuvimbela izazi zezamabhizinisi ekuthuthukiseni isithombe esididiyelwe salezi zici ukuze zinikeze i-akhawunti eguquguqukayo nephelele yezinto ezithinta ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, igebe lesayensi elicutshungulwayo yilolu cwaningo, izincazelo ezihlukene, ezilandelanayo kodwa eziyingxenye zebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphansi kanye nemiphumela yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuncane (okungukuthi, izicelo ezimbalwa ezithengiswayo, ukukhula okuphansi kwebhizinisi kanye nokusimama kwezimali), okwenza kube nzima ukwakhiwa kwe-synergy kusuka kumuntu ngamunye, izici zesikhungo nezemvelo ezithinta ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe, lapho lezi zici zicatshangelwa ngayinye futhi ngokukhetha. Lolu cwaningo luthathela embonweni wobuntu kanye nendlela echazayo ebandakanya izehlakalo ezimbili zabalingisi be-incubation ecosystem abasuselwa enyuvesi abathathwe kubantu ababambiqhaza abangama-65 ukuze banikeze i-akhawunti ebanzi yezinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlangana ekwakhiweni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthonye ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lwephenomenological oluhlanganisa izingxoxo ezijulile ezingama-30, izingxoxo eziyi-2 zamaqembu okugxilwe kuzo kanye nokubuyekezwa okubanzi kwemibhalo kwembule ukuthi, imibhalo, umbono, imali ebonakalayo, imali yezenhlalo, imali yobuhlakani, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi kanye nesiko lokuqamba kabusha lesifunda bekuyizinto eziyinhloko, izici zesikhungo nezemvelo ezihlangana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze zibe nomthelela ebhizinisini lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi, ezingeni lokufukanyelwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe, imizwa yamathumbu yayibalulekile ezinqumweni zokufukamela ezifana namadili otshalomali, izinqumo zokuthenga, ukuphetha amadili okuthengisa, ukunquma amanani omkhiqizo, ukuphenya izizathu zokukhansela ukuthengwa komkhiqizo nokuphatha ubambiswano. Mayelana nokufezeka kosomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe, imizwa yamathumbu yaba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhashazwa kwamathuba ohlelweni olusha lwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuthola amakhasimende amasha, amathuba amasha okutshalwa kwezimali kanye namathuba okuxhasa ngezimali, afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokukhula kwesisekelo semali engenayo, imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nemikhawulo yenzuzo yokuqalwa kobuchwepheshe. Imibhalo ibe nesandla ekuzulazuleni ezigabeni zebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ukuthola isiphakamiso senani, ukuthuthukiswa kwesibonelo, ukuthola impendulo yekhasimende ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo, kwethulwa imikhiqizo emisha yobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthola ubungozi obubonakalayo bemikhiqizo emakethe. Mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezamabhizinisi zobuchwepheshe, lapho imodeli yebhizinisi lekhanvasi enciphile isetshenziswa njengeskripthi, umbhalo unike amandla ama-incubatees ukuthi akhe ilensi entsha kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe – ukukhulisa amanani entengo yemikhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwemali engenayo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe okusimeme kwabaqalayo. Ngokombono wezohwebo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlinzekwa kwezimali ezibonakalayo kwabafukamele kunikeze indawo eyinhloko yokuthi abafukamele bathole amakhasimende amasha, kwandise amathuba okuphothula ukuthengiswa okwengeziwe kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandisa isisekelo semali engenayo kulaba baqashi. Ukutholakala kwabaxhasi be-incubation ngemali yokuxhumana nabantu ngokwakhiwa kwenkundla yokuqamba entsha yokukhuthaza ukuxhumana kwe-incubate ekufukameleni kwenza ama-incubatees akwazi ukucija imibono yawo emisha, enze imikhiqizo yawo yezobuchwepheshe ibe ngcono kanye nezisombululo eziholela ekuhwebeni okuphumelelayo kwezinqubo zabo ezintsha. Ukuhlinzekwa kokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ezindabeni zezomthetho, izinsiza zobuchwepheshe nezeluleko, ukuthuthukiswa kwesiphakamiso sezibonelelo, kanye nokufinyelela kwezimali zebhizinisi kusungulwe zifukamela ukuthuthukisa umbono ophucukile wenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, okubenza bakwazi ukuhlonza kangcono futhi basebenzise izindlela ezintsha zesayensi nobuchwepheshe, okudale izindlela zokwanda okuqinile kanye nokukhula kwezimali. Ngokombono wokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo kazwelonke ilolonge izinhlelo zesifunda zokuthuthukiswa kokuqamba ezintsha ezaqinisa ukwakheka kwe-ecosystem yesifunda yokusungula, eyaba nomthelela ekwenziweni kwasendaweni kokuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe emazingeni aphansi. Isiko lokusungula izinto ezintsha lesifunda livumele ukusabalala kolwazi okwenzeka phakathi kwamanyuvesi, izimboni kanye namafemu ku-incubation ecosystem, okuvumela ukuqala kwebhizinisi ukuthi kusebenzise impahla yengqondo edalwe amanyuvesi noma ngamanyuvesi, nakuba ukuntuleka kokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimo zenyuvesi. Maqondana neqhaza layo kwezamabhizinisi ezobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi yaqondisa amanyuvesi ukuthi ahlonze izifundiswa nabafundi abanemibono emisha enamandla okudayisa ukuze bakhe iziqalo zobuchwepheshe futhi yagcizelela ukwakhiwa kweqeqebana losomabhizinisi abangakhiqiza amalungelo obunikazi, abaqalayo kanye nama-spinouts adala amathuba emisebenzi, ukugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho nokudalwa kwengcebo yezwe. Ucwaningo lufaka isandla kuthiyori, ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli, indlela yokusebenza, inqubomgomo kanye nokwenza. Lolu cwaningo lunomthelela olwazini lwenjululwazi mayelana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe basenyuvesi ngokuveza inhlanganisela yezinto ezizimele, zesikhungo kanye nezemvelo ezihlanganayo ukuze zilolonge ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ngezindlela ezifaka isandla ekufezekisweni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lusebenzisa ukuhambisana kwethiyori yesikhungo kanye nombono osuselwe kwizinsiza ukuze ubonise ukuthi imithetho yokufukamela kanye nezinkambiso zibumba kanjani ukuziphatha kokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthi ukuphakama kwezinsiza kusebenza kanjani njengesici esihlukanisayo ezinqumweni zama- incubatees zokujoyina ama-incubators ebhizinisi langasese lobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlala kuwo ama-incubator asebenza enyuvesi. Ucwaningo lusebenzise ukushumeka kokuqukethwe kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezinsiza njengemiqondo ehlanganisa ukubuka okusekelwe ezinsizeni kanye nethiyori yesikhungo ekuboniseni ukuthi abantu abahlukene ezigabeni ezihlukene zohambo lwabo lwezamabhizinisi badinga kanjani izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinsiza kanye nezindlela zokwesekwa ukuze kufezeke ukufukamela kobuchwepheshe kanye nosomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwasebenzisa ukwehlukahlukana kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuhleleka kwamasu kwababambe iqhaza ezikhungweni kanye nezinqubo zokufukamela emithonjeni yezinsiza kanye nezimo ezikhona zalaba badlali ukuze kusungulwe izinhlelo zemvelo zamabhizinisi nezokufukamela zifinyelele ezingeni lokuvuthwa kwezamabhizinisi, ukutholakala kwezinsiza kanye namakhono alaba ababambiqhaza kuleyo ndawo. Ucwaningo lwenze imodeli yomqondo esekelwe ekuhlanganiseni izici zomuntu ngamunye, zesikhungo kanye nezemvelo okusebenzisana kwazo nobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ekufukameleni kube nesandla ekufezekeni kohwebo lwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwendlela yokwenza, ucwaningo lwakha indlela edidiyelwe ehlanganisa indlela yokuhlinzeka (imibono ye-incubator yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe) nendlela yokufuna uhlangothi (imibono yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe) ngaleyo ndlela inikeze umbono obandakanya wonke, obanzi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwebhizinisi ekufukameleni kanye nokuhweba ngobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lwenza izincomo ezithile zenqubomgomo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesu lokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezifukanyelwe eziqondaniswe kahle nezindlela ezithandwayo zokuthola imali, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo eziphelele ezichaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zoxhaso, izindlela, kanye nezinsiza kanye nokuhwebelana kwazo. Futhi incoma ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela egxilwe kumongo yokumodela nasekusebenziseni imvelo emisha yesifunda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-innovation ecosystem kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo yohlaka lwenqubomgomo ye-ecology ye-incubation ecosystem ehlelwe ngokubekwa phambili kanye nokukleliswa kwezinto zokufukamela ngokubaluleka kwazo, ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nomthelela kwezenhlalo nomnotho. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Ten spyte van die konsensus in entrepreneurskapliteratuur oor die beduidende bydrae van tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie tot die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, bly die reeks faktore wat saamsmelt met tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te vorm hoogs omstrede. Sommige studies het byvoorbeeld eksklusief die klem geplaas op individuele sielkundige en kognitiewe faktore (bv. swak besigheidskennis, beperkte ondervinding en waargenome entrepreneurskapvermoëns) as verduidelikings vir lae tegnologie besigheidsinkubasie en swak tegnologie entrepreneurskap uitkomste. Tog het ander studies gekonsentreer op faktore op institusionele vlak, soos onvoldoende inkubasie-ondersteuning (bv. die gebrek aan fisiese kapitaal, sosiale kapitaal en intellektuele kapitaal) as kritieke verklarings vir suboptimale tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie en tegnologiese entrepreneurskapuitkomste. Om die legkaart oor sleuteldrywers van hierdie besigheidsuitkomste verder te bemoeilik, het ander vakkundiges sistemiese vlak faktore (bv. nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid, streeksinnovasiekultuur, streeksbefondsing van KMMOs, die legitimiteit van leerskole se bemiddeling van besigheidsnetwerke, en stelselwye vennootskappe) op die voorgrond geplaas, dat dit bydra tot tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Die klem op die voorgenoemde verskillende lae van analise (d.w.s. individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore) verhinder entrepreneurskapstudente om 'n geïntegreerde prentjie van hierdie faktore te ontwikkel om 'n meer genuanseerde en holistiese weergawe van faktore te verskaf wat tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap beïnvloed. Die wetenskaplike leemte wat hierdie studie ondersoek, is dus die wisselende, hiërargiese maar gedeeltelike verklarings vir lae tegnologie besigheidsinkubasie en suboptimale tegnologie entrepreneurskap uitkomste (d.w.s. min gekommersialiseerde toepassings, lae besigheidsgroei en finansiële volhoubaarheid), wat die skepping van sinergie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore bemoeilik om tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie te beïnvloed om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te genereer, wanneer hierdie faktore individueel en selektief oorweeg word. Die studie steun op 'n humanistiese perspektief en interpretatiewe fenomenologie wat twee gevalle van universiteitsgebaseerde inkubasie-ekosisteemakteurs betrek wat uit 'n groep van 65 deelnemers getrek is om 'n omvattende weergawe te verskaf van die diverse faktore wat saamsmelt rondom tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie om tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te beïnvloed. Die fenomenologiese studie wat 30 in-diepte semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, 2 fokusgroepbesprekings en 'n uitgebreide hersiening van dokumente gedek het, het aan die lig gebring dat skrifte, intuïsie, fisiese kapitaal, sosiale kapitaal, intellektuele kapitaal, nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid en streeksinnovasiekultuur die belangrikste individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore was wat saamsmelt met tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie om tegnologiese entrepreneurskap te beïnvloed. Verder het die studie vasgestel dat, op tegnologiese sake-inkubasievlak, instink instrumenteel was in inkubasiebesluite soos beleggingstransaksies, verkrygingsbesluite, die sluiting van verkoopstransaksies, die bepaling van produkpryse, die ondersoek van redes vir die kansellasie van produkaankope en die bestuur van vennootskappe. Wat die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap betref, was instink instrumenteel in die optimalisering van geleentheidsuitbuiting in die innovasie-ekosisteem, veral die opspoor van nuwe kliënte, nuwe beleggings- en befondsingsgeleenthede, wat bygedra het tot ’n verhoogde inkomstebasis, opbrengs op belegging en winsmarges van nuwe tegnologie-ondernemings. Voorskrifte was instrumenteel in die navigasie van die entrepreneuriese stadiums, veral om die waardeproposisie en prototipe-ontwikkeling te bepaal, asook die terugvoer van kliënte tydens produktoetse te verseker, nuwe tegnologie-innovasieprodukte bekend te stel en waargeneemde risiko's vir produkte in die mark vas te stel. Met betrekking tot die bevordering van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, toe die “lean canvas”-besigheidsmodel as 'n voorskrif toegepas is, het die voorskrif inkubate in staat gestel om 'n innoverende lens vir die hele tegnologie-besigheidsontwikkelingsproses te ontwikkel – die prysbepaling van produkte, inkomstegenerering en volhoubare tegnologie-innovasie vir nuwe ondernemings geoptimaliseer het. Vanuit 'n tegnologie-entrepreneurskapperspektief het die voorsiening van fisiese kapitaal aan inkubate 'n sentrale aanknooppunt vir inkubate gebied om toegang tot nuwe kliënte te kry, geleenthede aangevul het om meer transaksies van tegnologiese produkte en dienste te beklink en die inkomstebasis vir hierdie huurders te vergroot. Inkubasieborge se benutting van sosiale kapitaal deur die skepping van 'n innovasieplatform vir die bevordering van netwerke het inkubate in staat gestel om hul innoverende idees te slyp, hul tegnologieprodukte en oplossings te vervolmaak wat lei tot meer effektiewe kommersialisering van hul innovasies. Die verskaffing van mensekapitaalopleiding in regsaangeleenthede, tegniese en adviesdienste, ontwikkeling van toekenningsvoorstelle, en toegang tot waagkapitaal, het inkubate aangemoedig om 'n meer gesofistikeerde siening van die ondernemingsontwikkelingsproses te ontwikkel, wat hulle in staat stel om nuwe wetenskaplike en tegnologiese innovasies beter te identifiseer en te ontgin, wat uitbreidings- en finansiële groeigeleenthede geskep het. Vanuit 'n tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie-perspektief, het nasionale beleid die streeksinnovasie-ontwikkelingsprogramme gevorm wat die vorming van die streeksinnovasie-ekosisteem versterk het, wat die lokalisering van tegnologie-innovasies by die voetsoolvlak beïnvloed het. Streeksinnovasiekultuur het kennisuitvloeisels moontlik gemaak wat onder universiteite, nywerhede en firmas in die inkubasie-ekosisteem ontvou het, wat sakeondernemings in staat gestel het om die intellektuele eiendom wat deur of via universiteite geskep is, te benut, selfs al het 'n gebrek aan tegnologie-innovasies buite universiteitskontekste voortgeduur. Met betrekking tot sy bydrae tot tegnologie-entrepreneurskap, het nasionale entrepreneurskapbeleid universiteite gelas om akademici en studente te identifiseer wat oor innoverende idees beskik met potensiaal vir kommersialisering om nuwe tegnologie-ondernemings te vorm, en het klem gelê op die skepping van 'n groep entrepreneurs wat patente, beginondernemings en voortspruitende idees kan genereer wat werk skep, wat ekonomiese groei en nasionale welvaartskepping kan aanvuur. Die studie dra by tot teorie, modelontwikkeling, metodologie, beleid en praktyk. Die studie dra by tot teoretiese kennis oor universiteitstegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie deur die kombinasie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore te illustreer wat saamsmelt om tegnologiebesigheidsinkubasie te vorm op maniere wat bydra tot die verwesenliking van tegnologiese entrepreneurskap. Die studie maak gebruik van aanvullings tot die institusionele teorie en hulpbron-gebaseerde siening om te demonstreer hoe inkubasiereëls en -norme inkubatees se ondernemingsontwikkelingsgedrag vorm en hoe die superioriteit van hulpbronne gedien het as 'n onderskeidende faktor in inkubate se besluite om by private tegnologiebesigheidsleerskole aan te sluit of in hul gevestigde universiteitsgebaseerde leerskole te bly. Die studie het kontekstuele inbedding en hulpbrondifferensiasie gebruik as konsepte wat die hulpbrongebaseerde siening en institusionele teorie integreer om te wys hoe verskillende inkubate op verskeie stadiums van hul entrepreneuriese reise verskillende tipes hulpbronne en vorme van ondersteuning nodig het om tegnologie-inkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap te verwesenlik. Die studie het ook beleidsdiversiteit en strategiese belyning van institusionele belanghebbendes en inkubasieprosesse tot die hulpbrontoekeninge en gesitueerde kontekste van hierdie deelnemers aangewend om entrepreneuriese en inkubasie-ekosisteme te vestig wat gepas is op die vlak van entrepreneuriese volwassenheid, hulpbronbeskikbaarheid en vermoëns van hierdie belanghebbendes in daardie ekosisteem. Die studie het 'n konseptuele model ontwikkel wat gebaseer is op die kombinasie van individuele, institusionele en omgewingsfaktore wie se sinergie met tegnologie-besigheidsinkubasie bygedra het tot die verwesenliking van tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Metodologies ontwikkel die studie 'n geïntegreerde benadering wat die aanbodkant-benadering (tegnologie-besigheidsinkubatorperspektiewe) saamgesmelt het met die vraagkantbenadering (tegnologie-besigheidsinkubateesperspektiewe) en sodoende 'n meer inklusiewe, omvattende perspektief op die dinamika van besigheidsinkubasie en tegnologie-entrepreneurskap. Die studie maak 'n paar beleidsaanbevelings rakende die ontwikkeling van hulpbronmobiliseringstrategie vir inkubate wat goed in lyn is met hul voorkeurbefondsingsmeganismes, ontwikkeling van omvattende beleidstellings wat verskillende befondsingsmodelle, -meganismes en -instrumente en hul gevolge verduidelik. Dit beveel ook die ontwikkeling van 'n konteks-geïntegreerde benadering tot modellering en implementering van streeksinnovasie-ekosisteme aan om die doeltreffendheid van innovasie-ekosisteme te verbeter en die ontwikkeling van 'n ekologiese beleidsraamwerk vir inkubasie-ekosisteme wat rondom die prioritisering en rangskikking van inkubasiefaktore in terme van hul belangrikheid, relevansie en sosio-ekonomiese impak gerangskik is.. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Le ka ntle ho tumellano ya bohle ho dingolwa tsa boithuti ba kgwebo mabapi le seabo sa bohlokwa sa tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji bakeng sa phihlello ya boithuti ba theknoloji, dintlha tse ngata tse hlahellang malebana le tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji e sa ntse e le sesosa se seholo sa ngangisano. Ha re tea ka mohlala, tse ding tsa diphuputso di ile tsa hatella haholo tshebetso ya monahano wa motho ka mong esita le dintlha tsa monahano (mohlala, tsebo e fokolang ya kgwebo, boiphihlelo bo haellang le bokgoni bo lebeletsweng ba boithuti ba kgwebo) e le ditlhaloso tsa bofokodi ba tshireletso e tlase ya kgwebo ya theknoloji esita le diphetho tse fokolang tsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Leha ho le jwalo, diphuputso tse ding di tobokeditse haholo hodima dintlha tsa boemo ba institjushene tse kang tshehetso e fokolang ya tshireletso (mohlala, tlhoko ya disebediswa, setjhaba le bokgoni ba monahano kapa bofokodi ba kelello) e le ditlhaloso tsa bohlokwa bakeng sa tshireletso e sa atlehang ya kgwebo ka theknoloji esita le diphetho tsa thuto ya kgwebo. E le ho eketsa hodima dintlha tsena tsa motheo tsa diphetho tsa kgwebo, baithuti ba bang ba hateletse dintlha tsa boemo ba tshebetso (mohlala, leano la naha la boithuti ba kgwebo, moetlo wa lebatowa wa boitshimollelo, tshehetso ya ditjhelete tsa lebatowa la SMME, tokelo ya bonamodi ba basireletsi ba maranrang a kgwebo, le tshebedisanommoho kapa ditshebeletsano) di na le seabo bakeng sa tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji le boithuti ba theknoloji. Toboketso ya mekgahlelo ena e boletsweng ka hodimo ya tshekatsheko (e leng, motho ka mong, institjushene le tikoloho) e thibela baithuti ba kgwebo ho theha setshwantsho se hokahaneng sa dintlha tsena e le ho fana ka tlhakisetso e ntjha empa e akaretsang ya dintlha tse amang tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji esita le boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Sekgeo sa tsebo seo diphuputso tsena di se sibollang, ka tsela e jwalo, ke ho fapana ho latelana ka maemo a bophahamo empa ka ditlhaloso tse sa fellang bakeng sa tshireletso e tlase ya kgwebo le diphetho tse haellang tsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji (ke ho re, tshebetso tse mmalwa tsa moruo, kgolo e fokolang ya kgwebo le tshwarello ya tjhelete), e leng tse sitisang kgokahano dintlha tsa motho ka mong, institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse amang tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ho hodisa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, ha dintlha tsena di tadingwa ka bonngwe le ka ho kgethwa. Diphuputso tsena di sebedisa katamelo ya botho le tjhadimo ya kutlwisiso e amang diketsahalo tse pedi tsa baphethahatsi ba university-based incubation ecosystem tse theilweng ho bankakarolo ba 65 e le ho fana ka tlhahiso e qaqileng ya dintlha tse fapaneng tse dumellanang mabapi le tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji e le ho tshwaetsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Diphuputso tsena tse ikgethang tse akaretsang dipuisano tse 30 tsa sebopeho sa tsona, dipuisano tse 2 tsa sehlopha sa tekolo le tekolobotjha e matla ya ditokomane di bontshitse hore dingolwa, thuto ya tlhaho, thepa e tshwarehang, setjhaba, boleng ba menahano, leano la naha la thuto ya kgwebo esita le moetlo wa lebatowa wa boitshimollelo, dintlha tsa institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse kopanang hammoho le tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji e le ho ntlafatsa boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji. Ho feta mona, diphuputso di sibolotse hore boemong ba tshireletso ya kgwebo, ho na le maikutlo a tebileng bakeng sa diqeto tsa tshireletso jwaloka tshebetso ya matsete, diqeto tsa ho reka, ho qetela tshebetso ya dithekiso, ho beha ditheko tsa dihlahiswa, ho batlisisa mabaka a ho hlakola ho rekwa ha dihlahiswa, esita le ho baballa tshebedisano ya kopanelo. Mabapi le temoho ya boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, maikutlo a tebileng e ne e le a bohlokwa bakeng sa ho eketsa menyetla ya tshebediso bakeng sa tshebetso ya tikoloho, haholoholo ho fumana sebaka sa bareki, matsete a matjha le menyetla ya tshehetso ya ditjhelete, e qetellang ka keketseho ya matlotlo, puseletso ya matsete le meedi ya phaello ya ho theha theknoloji. Dingolwa di ne di le molemo bakeng sa ho hlalosa boithuti ba kgwebo, haholoholo ho tsepamisa boleng, ntshetsopele ya metheo, ho fana ka tlhakisetso ho bareki kamora ho etsa diteko tsa dihlahiswa, ho kgakola dihlahiswa tse ntjha tsa boitshimollelo tsa theknoloji le ho nnetefatsa kgonahalo ya dikotsi tse ka bang teng bakeng sa dihlahiswa mmarakeng. Mabapi le ntshetsopele ya thuto ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, ha ho sebediswa mokgwa wa boitshimollelo wa ho bapatsa kgwebo wa ‘sengolwa sa papatso’ jwaloka sengolwa, sengolwa se thusitse basireletsi ho theha tjhadimo bakeng sa tshebetso ka kakaretso ya ntshetsopele ya kgwebo – ho hlokomela ka nepo ho behwa ha ditheko tsa dihlahiswa, ho eketsa matlole esita le boitshimollelo bo tshwarellang ba theknoloji bakeng sa bomaithutwane. Ho ya ka tjhadimo ya boithuti ba kgwebo ka theknoloji, phano ya thepa e tshwarehang ho basireletsi e fane ka molemo o moholo ho basireletsi ho fumana bareki ba batjha, ho tlatseletsa menyetla ya ho qetella dithekiso tse ngata tsa theknoloji tsa dihlahiswa le ditshebeletso le ho eketsa motheo wa matlole bakeng sa basebeletsi bana. Ho fana ka basebetsi kapa setjhaba se thusang batshehetsi ba basireletsi ka ho theha monyetla wa boitshimollelo bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele dikamano tsa basireletsi ba tsheheditsweng hore ba kgone ho sebedisa menahano ya bona ya boitshimollelo, ho matlafatsa dihlahiswa tsa bona tsa theknoloji le ditharollo tse lebisang ho kgwebisano ka boitshimollelo boo ba bona. Phumantsho ya bakwetlisi ba basebetsi ditabeng tsa molao, ditshebeletso tsa botekgeniki le tsa boeletsi, ho theha ntshetsopele ya tlhahiso, le ho fa basireletsi monyetla wa boiteko ba ho ntshetsa pele katamelo e ntjha ya tshebetso ya boiteko, e le ho ba thusa ho fumana mokgwa o motjha wa ho hlwaya le ho sebedisa mokgwa o motjha wa boitshimollelo wa mahlale le theknoloji, o theileng mekgwa e meng e tiileng ya katoloso le katiso ya tjhelete. Ho ya ka tjhadimo ya tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, leano la naha le theile sebopeho sa mananeo a ntshetsopele ya boitshimollelo a lebatowa a matlafaditseng ho thehwa ha tshebetso ya tikoloho ya boitshimollelo ba lebatowa, e leng ho tshwaeditseng ho ananelwa boemong ba lehae ba boitshimollelo ba theknoloji maemong a tlase a setjhaba. Moetlo wa boitshimollelo ba lebatowa o thusitse bahasi ba tsebo ba hlahileng ho ya ka diyunivesithi tse fapaneng, indasteri le difeme ka hara tshebetso ya tikoloho ya tshireletso, ho thusa bomaithutwane ho hlahisa le ho sebedisa thepa ya mahlale a kelello a theilweng ke diyunivesithi, le hoja tlhoko ya boitshimollelo ba theknoloji bo hlile bo qala ka thoko ho meedi ya yunivesithi. Mabapi le seabo sa tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji, leano la naha la tsebo ya kgwebo le laetse diyunivesithi ho hlwaya barutehi le baithuti ba nang le menahano ya boitshimollelo e ka thehang bokgoni ba kgwebo ho qala metheo ya theknoloji mme le tobokeditse ho thehwa ha sehlopha sa ditsebi tsa kgwebo vi tse ka hlahisang mangolo a tokelo ka molao wa basebetsi ba bomaithutwane le lekeno la ho theha mesebetsi, ho ntshetsa pele kgolo ya moruo le ho theha letlotlo kapa leruo la naha. Thuto ena e thusa ka teori, ntshetsopele ya mokgwa, melawana le mabaka a taolo ya mokgwa, leano le phethahatso. Thuto ena thusa ho fana ka tsebo ya teori bakeng sa tshireletso ya tsebo ya yunivesithi ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ka ho hlakisa dintlha tsa kamano ya motho ka mong, institjushene le tsa tikoloho tse hlahileng ho bopa tshireletso ya kgwebo ka theknoloji ka mekgwa e thusang bakeng sa ho tseba haholwanyane ka tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Thuto ena e tlatseletsa teori ya institjushene le monahano o theilweng hodima phumano ya mehlodi e le ho bontsha kamoo melao ya tshireletso le ditlwaelo di bopang boitshwaro ba boiteko ba mosireletsi ka teng le kamoo ho ananelwa haholo ha mehlodi ho sebetsang e le ntlha ya phapano bakeng sa diqeto tsa basireletsi ho kenela kgwebo ya basireletsi ba theknoloji ba poraefete kapa ba dule e ntse e le basireletsi boemong ba yunivesithi ho ya ka tlwaelo. Thuto ena e sebedisitse maemo a kutlwisiso le mefuta ya mehlodi e le mantswe a hokelang mohopolo o theilweng mehloding esita le teori ya institjushene bakeng sa ho bontsha kamoo basireletsi ba fapaneng maemong a fapaneng a maeto a a kgwebo, a hlokang mefuta e fapaneng ya mehlodi le mekgwa ya tshehetso, e le ho hlokomela tshireletso ya theknoloji le kgwebo ya theknoloji. Thuto ena e theilwe ka mokgwa wa tshebediso ya mohopolo o theilweng ka monahano wa motho ka mong, thuto ena e theile mokgwa wa monahano o theilweng hodima motho ka mong, institjushene le dintlha tsa tikoloho tseo ha di kopana le tshireletso ya kgwebo ya theknoloji di bakileng tlhokomelo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Ho ya ka tshebediso ya mokgwa o itseng, thuto ena e theha katamelo e hokahaneng e kopantseng katamelo ya phepelo (technology business incubator perspectives) hammoho le katamelo ya tlhoko (technology business incubatees perspectives) mme ka hona e fana ka mokgwa wa kutlwisiso o lomahaneng, o feletseng wa makgabane a tshireletso ya kgwebo le tsebo ya kgwebo ka theknoloji. Thuto ena e etsa dikgothaletso tsa leano tse mabapi le ntshetsopele ya mokgwa wa kgodiso ya mehlodi bakeng sa basireletsi hore e tsamaelane le mekgwa ya bona e kgothaletswang ya katiso ya matlole, mekgwa ya mefutafuta, ntshetsopele ya maano a hlakileng a hlalosang mekgwa ya katiso ya matlole, mekgwa ya mefutafuta, le disebediswa le dithekiso tsa yona. E bile e kgothaletsa ntshetsopele ya katamelo ya maemo bakeng sa tshebediso boitshimollelo ba lebatowa ba tshebetso ya tikoloho e le ho ntlafatsa bohlwahlwa ba tshebetso ya tikoloho ya boitshimollelo le ho theha moralo wa leano wa tikoloho o theilweng hodima kgothaletso le tlhophiso ya tatelano ya dintlha tsa tshireletso tsa tshebetso ya tikoloho le ho hlophisa dintlha tsa tshireletso ho ya ka bohlokwa, tshwaneleho le sekgahla se itseng moruong wa setjhaba. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 Naphezu kokuvumelana ezincwadini zamabhizinisi mayelana neqhaza elibalulekile lokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ekufezekisweni kohwebo kwezobuchwepheshe, uhla lwezinto ezihlangana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kulolonge ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe kusalokhu kunempikiswano enkulu. Isibonelo, ezinye izifundo zibeke ukugcizelela okukhethekile ezicini zomuntu ngamunye ezingokwengqondo nezokuqonda (isb., ulwazi olungeluhle lwebhizinisi, ulwazi olulinganiselwe kanye namakhono acatshangwayo osomabhizinisi) njengezincazelo zokukhula kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphansi kanye nemiphumela engemihle yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zigxile emazingeni ezikhungo njengokwesekwa okwanele kwamabhizinisi (isb., ukuntuleka kwezimali ezibonakalayo, imali yezenhlalakahle kanye nemali yobuhlakani) njengezincazelo ezibucayi ze-incubation yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphansi kanye nemiphumela yokuhweba ngobuchwepheshe. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuhlanganiswe indida emiqhudelwaneni eyinhloko yale miphumela yebhizinisi, ezinye izifundiswa ziye zandulela izici zesistimu (isib., inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi, isiko lokusungula izinto ezintsha zesifunda, uxhaso lwesifunda lwama-SMME, ukuba semthethweni kokulamula kwama-incubator kumanethiwekhi ebhizinisi, kanye nobudlelwano besistimu yonke. kanye nokusebenzisana) njengokufaka isandla ekufukameleni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe kanye namabhizinisi ezobuchwepheshe. Ukugcizelelwa kwezingqinamba ezihlukahlukene zokuhlaziya ezishiwo ngenhla (okungukuthi, izici zomuntu ngamunye, zesikhungo nezemvelo) kuvimbela izazi zezamabhizinisi ekuthuthukiseni isithombe esididiyelwe salezi zici ukuze zinikeze i-akhawunti eguquguqukayo nephelele yezinto ezithinta ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, igebe lesayensi elicutshungulwayo yilolu cwaningo, izincazelo ezihlukene, ezilandelanayo kodwa eziyingxenye zebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphansi kanye nemiphumela yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuncane (okungukuthi, izicelo ezimbalwa ezithengiswayo, ukukhula okuphansi kwebhizinisi kanye nokusimama kwezimali), okwenza kube nzima ukwakhiwa kwe-synergy kusuka kumuntu ngamunye, izici zesikhungo nezemvelo ezithinta ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe, lapho lezi zici zicatshangelwa ngayinye futhi ngokukhetha. Lolu cwaningo luthathela embonweni wobuntu kanye nendlela echazayo ebandakanya izehlakalo ezimbili zabalingisi be-incubation ecosystem abasuselwa enyuvesi abathathwe kubantu ababambiqhaza abangama-65 ukuze banikeze i-akhawunti ebanzi yezinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlangana ekwakhiweni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuthonye ukuhweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lwephenomenological oluhlanganisa izingxoxo ezijulile ezingama-30, izingxoxo eziyi-2 zamaqembu okugxilwe kuzo kanye nokubuyekezwa okubanzi kwemibhalo kwembule ukuthi, imibhalo, umbono, imali ebonakalayo, imali yezenhlalo, imali yobuhlakani, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi kanye nesiko lokuqamba kabusha lesifunda bekuyizinto eziyinhloko, izici zesikhungo nezemvelo ezihlangana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ukuze zibe nomthelela ebhizinisini lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi, ezingeni lokufukanyelwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe, imizwa yamathumbu yayibalulekile ezinqumweni zokufukamela ezifana namadili otshalomali, izinqumo zokuthenga, ukuphetha amadili okuthengisa, ukunquma amanani omkhiqizo, ukuphenya izizathu zokukhansela ukuthengwa komkhiqizo nokuphatha ubambiswano. Mayelana nokufezeka kosomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe, imizwa yamathumbu yaba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhashazwa kwamathuba ohlelweni olusha lwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ukuthola amakhasimende amasha, amathuba amasha okutshalwa kwezimali kanye namathuba okuxhasa ngezimali, afinyelela umvuthwandaba ngokukhula kwesisekelo semali engenayo, imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nemikhawulo yenzuzo yokuqalwa kobuchwepheshe. Imibhalo ibe nesandla ekuzulazuleni ezigabeni zebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi ukuthola isiphakamiso senani, ukuthuthukiswa kwesibonelo, ukuthola impendulo yekhasimende ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo, kwethulwa imikhiqizo emisha yobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthola ubungozi obubonakalayo bemikhiqizo emakethe. Mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezamabhizinisi zobuchwepheshe, lapho imodeli yebhizinisi lekhanvasi enciphile isetshenziswa njengeskripthi, umbhalo unike amandla ama-incubatees ukuthi akhe ilensi entsha kuyo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe – ukukhulisa amanani entengo yemikhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwemali engenayo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe okusimeme kwabaqalayo. Ngokombono wezohwebo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlinzekwa kwezimali ezibonakalayo kwabafukamele kunikeze indawo eyinhloko yokuthi abafukamele bathole amakhasimende amasha, kwandise amathuba okuphothula ukuthengiswa okwengeziwe kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwandisa isisekelo semali engenayo kulaba baqashi. Ukutholakala kwabaxhasi be-incubation ngemali yokuxhumana nabantu ngokwakhiwa kwenkundla yokuqamba entsha yokukhuthaza ukuxhumana kwe-incubate ekufukameleni kwenza ama-incubatees akwazi ukucija imibono yawo emisha, enze imikhiqizo yawo yezobuchwepheshe ibe ngcono kanye nezisombululo eziholela ekuhwebeni okuphumelelayo kwezinqubo zabo ezintsha. Ukuhlinzekwa kokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ezindabeni zezomthetho, izinsiza zobuchwepheshe nezeluleko, ukuthuthukiswa kwesiphakamiso sezibonelelo, kanye nokufinyelela kwezimali zebhizinisi kusungulwe zifukamela ukuthuthukisa umbono ophucukile wenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, okubenza bakwazi ukuhlonza kangcono futhi basebenzise izindlela ezintsha zesayensi nobuchwepheshe, okudale izindlela zokwanda okuqinile kanye nokukhula kwezimali. Ngokombono wokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo kazwelonke ilolonge izinhlelo zesifunda zokuthuthukiswa kokuqamba ezintsha ezaqinisa ukwakheka kwe-ecosystem yesifunda yokusungula, eyaba nomthelela ekwenziweni kwasendaweni kokuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe emazingeni aphansi. Isiko lokusungula izinto ezintsha lesifunda livumele ukusabalala kolwazi okwenzeka phakathi kwamanyuvesi, izimboni kanye namafemu ku-incubation ecosystem, okuvumela ukuqala kwebhizinisi ukuthi kusebenzise impahla yengqondo edalwe amanyuvesi noma ngamanyuvesi, nakuba ukuntuleka kokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimo zenyuvesi. Maqondana neqhaza layo kwezamabhizinisi ezobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezamabhizinisi yaqondisa amanyuvesi ukuthi ahlonze izifundiswa nabafundi abanemibono emisha enamandla okudayisa ukuze bakhe iziqalo zobuchwepheshe futhi yagcizelela ukwakhiwa kweqeqebana losomabhizinisi abangakhiqiza amalungelo obunikazi, abaqalayo kanye nama-spinouts adala amathuba emisebenzi, ukugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho nokudalwa kwengcebo yezwe. Ucwaningo lufaka isandla kuthiyori, ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli, indlela yokusebenza, inqubomgomo kanye nokwenza. Lolu cwaningo lunomthelela olwazini lwenjululwazi mayelana nokufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe basenyuvesi ngokuveza inhlanganisela yezinto ezizimele, zesikhungo kanye nezemvelo ezihlanganayo ukuze zilolonge ukufakwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe ngezindlela ezifaka isandla ekufezekisweni kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lusebenzisa ukuhambisana kwethiyori yesikhungo kanye nombono osuselwe kwizinsiza ukuze ubonise ukuthi imithetho yokufukamela kanye nezinkambiso zibumba kanjani ukuziphatha kokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthi ukuphakama kwezinsiza kusebenza kanjani njengesici esihlukanisayo ezinqumweni zama- incubatees zokujoyina ama-incubators ebhizinisi langasese lobuchwepheshe noma ukuhlala kuwo ama-incubator asebenza enyuvesi. Ucwaningo lusebenzise ukushumeka kokuqukethwe kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezinsiza njengemiqondo ehlanganisa ukubuka okusekelwe ezinsizeni kanye nethiyori yesikhungo ekuboniseni ukuthi abantu abahlukene ezigabeni ezihlukene zohambo lwabo lwezamabhizinisi badinga kanjani izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinsiza kanye nezindlela zokwesekwa ukuze kufezeke ukufukamela kobuchwepheshe kanye nosomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwasebenzisa ukwehlukahlukana kwenqubomgomo kanye nokuhleleka kwamasu kwababambe iqhaza ezikhungweni kanye nezinqubo zokufukamela emithonjeni yezinsiza kanye nezimo ezikhona zalaba badlali ukuze kusungulwe izinhlelo zemvelo zamabhizinisi nezokufukamela zifinyelele ezingeni lokuvuthwa kwezamabhizinisi, ukutholakala kwezinsiza kanye namakhono alaba ababambiqhaza kuleyo ndawo. Ucwaningo lwenze imodeli yomqondo esekelwe ekuhlanganiseni izici zomuntu ngamunye, zesikhungo kanye nezemvelo okusebenzisana kwazo nobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ekufukameleni kube nesandla ekufezekeni kohwebo lwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwendlela yokwenza, ucwaningo lwakha indlela edidiyelwe ehlanganisa indlela yokuhlinzeka (imibono ye-incubator yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe) nendlela yokufuna uhlangothi (imibono yebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe) ngaleyo ndlela inikeze umbono obandakanya wonke, obanzi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwebhizinisi ekufukameleni kanye nokuhweba ngobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo lwenza izincomo ezithile zenqubomgomo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesu lokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezifukanyelwe eziqondaniswe kahle nezindlela ezithandwayo zokuthola imali, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo eziphelele ezichaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zoxhaso, izindlela, kanye nezinsiza kanye nokuhwebelana kwazo. Futhi incoma ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela egxilwe kumongo yokumodela nasekusebenziseni imvelo emisha yesifunda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-innovation ecosystem kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo yohlaka lwenqubomgomo ye-ecology ye-incubation ecosystem ehlelwe ngokubekwa phambili kanye nokukleliswa kwezinto zokufukamela ngokubaluleka kwazo, ukubaluleka kwazo kanye nomthelela kwezenhlalo nomnotho. ___________________________________________________________________
Description
Thesis (Ph.D.(Business Managment))--University of the Free State, 2022
Keywords
Business incubators -- South Africa -- Bloemfontein -- Designs and plans., Entrepreneurship, Business -- Technological innovations, Technological innovations -- Economic aspects.