Parenting adolescents: a phenomenological approach

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Date
2013-01
Authors
Dunkley, Jennifer
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore the dynamics of the parenting experience as it relates to parenting adolescents, with the specific aim of exploring and achieving an understanding of the particular experiences that parents of adolescents and their adolescent children describe; and of discovering how they have experienced a collaborative or participatory approach to the parenting process. The over-arching theoretical orientation is social constructionism. From a social constructionist point of view meaning making and knowledge is contextual, applying only to the specific context from which it is derived. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was the selected methodology, involving careful recording of participants’ expressions in semi-structured interviews followed by thematic coding and analysis. Three groups of parents and three groups of adolescents, from three culturally and economically diverse communities in the Western Cape, South Africa, participated in focus groups and shared their experiences of the parenting process. Through the explication of the data five main themes emerged as being important to the participants: Connection and communication was seen as being of first importance, reflecting perceptions of effective parent-adolescent relationships as close and emotionally connected. Parental control and protection presented as an equally important and related area of concern, reflecting the belief that effective communication would enable a more collaborative, negotiated approach to issues of safety, limit setting, expectations and consequences. Some of the adolescent participants expressed a strong need for parents to respect their individuality and independence, which in their view was related to the development of trust as a two-way process. The fourth key theme was the need for information and services. The ability to access reliable information and services empowers both parents and adolescents to make effective and informed decisions. Finally, the role of fathers featured strongly in discussions with all groups and was identified as playing a significant role in parent-adolescent relationship satisfaction. This study illustrates a process by which families can be enabled to arrive at a deeper understanding of the needs and challenges specific to each family; and to collaborate in generating ideas that could contribute to a meaningful parenting plan or parenting practices that work for that particular family.
Afrikaans: Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe fenomenologiese studie was om die dinamika van die ouerskapservaring met betrekking tot adolessente, te ondersoek. Die meer spesifieke doelwit was om die ervarings rakende ‘n samewerkende of deelnemende benadering tot die ouerskapsproses soos beskryf deur adolessente en hul ouers, te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die oorkoepelende teoretiese raamwerk is die van sosiale konstruktivisme. Vanuit ‘n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese oogpunt is betekenisvorming en kennis kontekstueel en slegs van toepassing op die spesifieke konteks waaruit dit ontstaan. Interpretatiewe fenomenologiese analise was die gekose metodologie, en het die versigtige rekordhouding van deelnemers se uitdrukkings in semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gevolg deur tematiese kodering en analise, behels. Drie groepe ouers en drie groepe adolessente, vanuit drie kultureel en ekonomies diverse gemeenskappe in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, het deelgeneem aan fokusgroepe en hul belewenis van die ouerskapservaring gedeel. Deur middel van data analise het vyf hooftemas na vore gekom as synde belangrik vir die deelnemers: Verbondenheid en kommunikasie is van grootste belang geidentifiseer - verteenwoordigend van sienings van doeltreffende ouer-adolessent verhoudings as innig en emosioneel verbonde. Ouerlike beheer en beskerming het as ewe betekenisvol gepresenteer, wat die oortuiging weergee dat doeltreffende kommunikasie ‘n meer deelnemende, onderhandelde benadering tot aspekte soos veiligheid, grense, verwagtinge en gevolge sal meebring. Sommige van die adolessente het ‘n sterk behoefte aan individualiteit en onafhanklikheid uitgespreek, wat na hulle mening verwant was aan die ontwikkeling van vertroue as ‘n twee-rigting proses. Die vierde sleuteltema was die behoefte aan inligting en dienste. Die vermoë om betroubare inligting en dienste te bekom bemagtig beide ouers en adolessente om doeltreffende en ingeligte besluite te neem. Laastens, die rol van vaders het prominent in gesprekke met alle groepe na vore gekom en is geïdentifiseer as ‘n belangrike faktor in bevredigende ouer-adolessent verhoudings. Hierdie studie illustreer ‘n proses waardeur families instaat gestel kan word om ‘n beter begrip van die behoeftes en uitdagings wat eie is aan elke gesin te bereik; en om saam te werk om idees te formuleer wat kan bydra tot ‘n betekenisvolle ouerskapplan of ouerskappraktyke wat vir daardie spesifieke gesin werk.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Psyschology (Child Psychology))--University of the Free State, 2013, Adolescence, Adolescent psychology, Parenting, Social constructionism, Parent and teenager, Phenomenology, Collaboration, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
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