Pastorale terapie met die MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde familie: 'n narratiewe benadering

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Date
2003-11
Authors
Bothma, Jan Daniel
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: HIV/AIDS has become an increasing concern, especially in South Africa. Recent statistics have revealed no significant decrease in the number of HIV/AIDS-infected individuals – this, in spite of numerous campaigns aiming to increase awareness and stop the virus from spreading. Aside from having an enormous impact on a country’s economy and population structures, HIV/AIDS also has a great influence on an infected person’s identity as well as on his friends and family. Although a number of pastoral methods of therapy already exist, certain theological components have been irreversibly radicalized by HIV/AIDS. Subsequently, a need has developed for a suitable pastoral method of therapy, concerning the HIV/AIDS-affected family. The narrative method is one that combines all the positive aspects already present in existing pastoral methods. When applied in conjunction with qualitative research, it is the method most suited to use for the purpose of this particular study. The nature of qualitative research is descriptive, exploratory, it examines complex manifestations situated deep within our social realities and it also enables the researcher to conduct his study in a participating manner. By taking basic theoretical perspectives on pastoral therapy into consideration, an attempt is made to set up alternative guidelines, by which to approach this specific problem situation. The extent to which HIV/AIDS disrupts the emotional atmosphere of the family, can clearly be observed in the obvious withdrawal in the behavior of especially the toddler, but also in those of the remaining members of this family (consisting of the parents and a toddler). By following the guidelines of the narrative approach, each family member, traumatized by the gripping influence of HIV/AIDS, is given the chance to express his/her experience (this is done in a reflective and meaningful way). Through these reflective conversations, the aim of this study is achieved as these (revealing) descriptions of each member’s experiences are shared among the participants, creating an atmosphere of acceptance – and ultimately restoring brittle relationships within the family. Within the pastoral encounter (a metaphorical encounter with God) a radical transformation takes place in every family member’s heart. This transformation is brought to pass by the Holy Ghost, which continuously influences, renews and supports our human spirit. Accordingly, the roles fulfilled by the parents also undergo significant change: Where (at first) survival is seen as the main priority, transformed attitudes gain the insight to realize that group work between the parents and the toddler is in truth, of much greater importance. Take note that the purpose of this study is not to prove anything; neither to examine the causes and/or consequences of HIV/AIDS, but rather to provide traumatized family members with an adequate chance to explain their experiences. Afterwards, (and based on a theoretical and theological background knowledge) these experiences are thoroughly reflected upon. The research group as a whole undergoes spiritual and emotional growth and thus the aim of practical theology (to bring about a transformation in conjunction with the Gospel) is reached – by means of the narrative method. By finally examining expressive results of the study, a suitable approach to pastoral therapy is revealed through which to bring about such a transformation in the lives of Christians from all culture groups. This specific approach has the necessary ability to counteract the crumbling process in traumatized families and bring forth a complete renewal in the family as a whole.
Afrikaans: MIV/VIGS is ‘n geweldige probleem vir veral Suid-Afrika. Ten spyte van tallose veldtogte met die doel op bewusmaking en teenkamping, het onlangse statistieke laat blyk dat daar geen noemenswaardige afname is in die getal MIV/VIGS-besmette persone nie. Bo en behalwe die invloed wat MIV/VIGS op ‘n land se ekonomie en populasiestrukture het, is daar ook geweldige gevolge rakende ‘n besmette persoon se identiteit en so ook sy vriende en familie. Alhoewel daar reeds ‘n hoeveelheid pastorale modelle en metodes bestaan waarmee pastorale terapie toegepas kan word, is teologiese komponente egter indringend deur MIV/VIGS geradikaliseer. ‘n Behoefte het ontstaan om ‘n geskikte pastorale model te vind waarvolgens sinvolle pastorale terapie met die MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde familie toegepas kan word. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie, word die narratiewe model gebruik, as vermenging van die positiewe aspekte en benaderings, daargestel deur die ander pastorale modelle en word toegepas gesamentlik met kwalitatiewe navorsing. Kwalitatiewe navorsing is beskrywend, verkennend, maak dit moontlik om komplekse verskynsels diep binne sosiale werklikhede na te gaan en dit betrek ook die navorser op só wyse dat hy op ‘n deelnemende wyse die studie kan uitvoer. Deur te let op die basisteoretiese perspektiewe van pastorale terapie met die MIV/VIGS-geaffekteerde familie, word daar gesoek na alternatiewe riglyne vir die benadering van hierdie spesifieke probleemsituasie wat elkeen in die familie affekteer. In hierdie gesin van drie (ouers en ‘n kleuter) blyk die invloed van die versteurde emosionele atmosfeer in die huis a.g.v. MIV/VIGS duidelik in veral die onttrekkende gedrag van die kleuter maar ook die ander lede van die gesin. Volgens die narratiewe benadering word die persone geaffekteer deur die trauma van MIV/VIGS die geleentheid gegee om hulle verhale op ‘n reflekterende en betekenisgewende wyse te verwoord. Deur hierdie reflekterende gesprekke van die deelnemers word die doel van die studie verwesenlik aangesien (ryker) beskrywings van elkeen se verhaal onderling gedeel word, ‘n gevoel van aanvaarding geskep word en gesinsverhoudings vervolgens herstel. Binne die pastorale ontmoeting (‘n metaforiese ontmoeting met God) vind daar dus ‘n radikale transformasie plaas in hul harte wat bewerkstellig word deur die Heilige Gees, wat die mens beïnvloed, vernuwe en onderskraag. Die rolle van die ouers word ook verander – waar dit aanvanklik hoofsaaklik om oorlewing gegaan het, lei verandering mettertyd eerder die fokus op spánwerk tussen die ouers en die kleuter. Let wel: hierdie studie is nie bedoel om iets te bewys of om die oorsake en/of gevolge van MIV/VIGS te ondersoek nie, maar eerder om gesinslede blootgestel aan die trauma, die geleentheid te bied om hul verhale te vertel. Daar is dan op hierdie verhale gereflekteer vanuit ‘n teoretiese en teologiese agtergrondkennis en vertrekpunte. Geestelike en emosionele groei vind plaas by die navorsingsgroep as geheel en dus word die doel van praktiese teologie (om transformasie te bewerkstellig in lyn met die evangelie) met die narratiewe model bereik. Deur die bevindinge/resultate van hierdie navorsing te bestudeer, word ‘n benadering daargestel wat gebruik kan word om juis só ‘n transformasie in die lewens van alle Christene - vanuit alle kultuurgroepe van ons land - te bewerkstellig. Hierdie benadering kan die verbrokkeling van getraumatiseerde gesinne teenwerk en eerder ‘n totale gesinsvernuwing beteken.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Practical Theology))--University of the Free State, 2003, Pastoral counseling, AIDS (Disease) -- Patients -- Counseling of, Families -- Pastoral counseling of, HIV-positive persons -- Counseling of
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