Proteomic analysis and physiological response of wheat treated with a triglyceride purified from Lupinus albus L. seed
| dc.contributor.advisor | Visser, B. | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Pretorius, J. C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Viljoen, Riana | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-01-06T09:40:31Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-01-06T09:40:31Z | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2013 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2013 | |
| dc.description.abstract | English: The agricultural use of bio-stimulants to increase crop yield is increasing as a result of the ever growing human population. Since bio-stimulants do not have the negative environmental effects usually associated with fungicides and pesticides, the identification and testing of new bio-stimulants are a priority. It was previously shown that treatment of wheat cultivar PAN 3377 with a crude Lupinus albus L. seed suspension extract increased the yield compared to an untreated control. The agricultural use of bio-stimulants to increase crop yield is increasing as a result of the ever growing human population. Since bio-stimulants do not have the negative environmental effects usually associated with fungicides and pesticides, the identification and testing of new bio-stimulants are a priority. It was previously shown that treatment of wheat cultivar PAN 3377 with a crude Lupinus albus L. seed suspension extract increased the yield compared to an untreated control. During the current study, the bio-stimulatory effect of a 60% purified extract called SS was investigated. The initial aim was to analyse the effect of the purified SS extract on yield of the wheat cultivar Thatcher+Lr34. No significant increases in yield or any of the associated parameters were obtained in response to SS treatment. This indicated that, while the crude and complex SS extract increased yield in wheat, the purified molecule was unable to do it. To validate the glass house results, proteomic analysis of SS treated wheat cultivar Thatcher+Lr34 was done. Results indicated that the purified SS extract mainly targets the photosynthetic machinery of the plant by altering three main pathways. While the levels of polypeptides active in both the Calvin cycle and electron transport chain were generally down-regulated following treatment, a few polypeptides involved in the PSII and general repair mechanisms, were up-regulated. These results were validated by qPCR analysis of three randomly selected genes from each of the mentioned pathways. When wheat cultivar Tugela was treated with the 60% pure SS extract and exposed to heat stress, a stabilising effect on chloroplast ultrastructure was observed. Thylakoid membranes were intact and no induction of the membrane stabilising gene OEE2 was observed. However, when infected with RWA, the 60% pure SS extract was unable to facilitate chloroplast membrane stabilisation. This was supported by the induced expression of both the OEE2 and HCF136 genes. This study concludes that the 60% pure SS extract, of which glycerol trilinoleate is the active ingredient, cannot be used as a bio-stimulant independently. It is proposed that during the purification of the crude SS extract, additional components responsible for increasing yield in wheat, was lost and thereby its ability to increase yield. This product could however be of value when used in combination with other compounds that is able to facilitate yield increases. | en_ZA |
| dc.description.abstract | Afrikaans: Die gebruik van bio-stimulante om in die landboubedryf opbrengs te verhoog, word al hoe belangriker as gevolg van die groeiende wêreldpopulasie. Aangesien bio-stimulante nie soos fungisiedes en pestisiedes ‘n negatiewe invloed op die omgewing het nie, is die ontwikkeling van nuwe bio-stimulante ‘n prioriteit. Dit is reeds voorheen bewys dat die behandeling van die PAN 3377 koringkultivar met ‘n Lupinus albus L. saadsuspensie ekstrak opbrengs verhoog in vergelyking met die onbehandelde kontrole. Tydens die huidige studie is die vermoë van ‘n 60% suiwer SS ekstrak om opbrengs te verhoog, getoets. Aanvanklike was bepaal of die ekstrak die opbrengs van die koringkultivar Thatcher+Lr34 kan verhoog. Geen statisties betekenisvolle verhoging in opbrengs of enige van die geassosieerde parameters, was gekry nie. Dit was in direkte teenstelling met die SS ru-ekstrak. Om die glashuisresultate te bevestig, is ‘n proteonomiese ontleding van SS behandelde Thatcher+Lr34 koringsaailinge gedoen. Die gesuiwerde SS ekstrak het hoofsaaklik die fotosintese proses geteiken met vlakke van polipeptiede betrokke by beide die Calvinsiklus en elektronoordragsisteem wat afgereguleerd was. In teenstelling was ‘n aantal polipeptiede betrokke by PSII se herstelmeganisme opgereguleer. Die resultate is met die qPCR analise van drie lukraak geselekteerde gene bevestig. Behandeling van die Tugela koringkultivar met die 60% suiwer SS ekstrak tydens die blootstelling van die plante aan hittestres, het ‘n beskermende effek op die chloroplast ultrastruktuur gehad. Tilakoïedmembrane was intak en geen induksie van die membraan stabiliserende geen OEE2 is waargeneem nie. Na infestasie met die Russiese koringluis, was SS egter nie in staat om membraanstabiliteit te fasiliteer nie. Dit het gelei tot die geïnduseerde uiting van beide die OEE2 en HCF136 gene. Ten slotte het hierdie studie getoon dat die 60% suiwer SS ekstrak wat gliserol trilinoleaat as aktiewe bestanddeel bevat, nie selfstandig as ‘n bio-stimulant gebruik kan word nie. Dit word voorgestel dat addisionele komponente van SS wat veranwoordelik is vir verhoogde opbrengs, tydens die suiweringsproses verlore gegaan het. Dit het daartoe gelei dat die gesuiwerde SS sy vermoë om opbrengs te verhoog, verloor het. Hierdie produk kan egter van waarde wees indien dit in kombinasie met ander bio-stimulante wat wel opbrengs verhoog, gebruik word. | af |
| dc.description.sponsorship | National Research Foundation (NRF) | en_ZA |
| dc.description.sponsorship | UFS Strategic Academic Cluster, Technologies for Sustainable Crop Industries in Semi-Arid Regions | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11660/1986 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.rights.holder | University of the Free State | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Thesis (Ph.D. (Plant Sciences))--University of the Free State, 2013 | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Wheat -- Analysis | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Wheat -- Breeding | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Wheat -- Disease and pest resistance | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Membrane stabilisation | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Photosynthesis | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Yield | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Bio-stimulant | en_ZA |
| dc.subject | Lupinus albus L. seed suspension | en_ZA |
| dc.title | Proteomic analysis and physiological response of wheat treated with a triglyceride purified from Lupinus albus L. seed | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_ZA |