'n Orientasieprogram vir gesondheidsorgpersoneel in die intensiewesorg-eenheid ten opsigte van familiele ondersteuning

Abstract

English: Familial support is important when one considers to nurse the patient and the family as a unit. The nurse can design and implement strategies to assist family members in meeting their needs only when these needs and their relative importance for patients and their family members are accurately assessed. Then the needs of family members will be satisfied completely. Hospitalization for a critical illness is frequently viewed as a crisis situation for the patient and the family. In 1979 it was noted that the following tendency occurred: most of the staff's energy is spent in giving care to the patient and little time is left to help the family deal with the crisis situation they are in. According to the researcher's experience in practice a limitation in the satisfaction of family members' needs in the intensive care unit was noted. Literature also emphasized her observation as it stated that health care workers are not aware of the different important needs that family members experience. Therefore they do not try to satisfy these needs. Discussions with colleagues showed that they felt that their knowledge of the needs of family members is limited. The researcher concluded that health care workers in the intensive care unit are uninformed about the needs and support of family members. The aim of the study is to determine the extent to which familial needs were satisfied before and after implementing an orientation program. The objectives of the study was to: • Determine the extent to which the needs of family members in the intensive care unit were satisfied according to the CCFNI ("Critical Care Family Needs Inventory") before the health care workers have been exposed to an orientation program. • Design an orientation program for health care workers. • Implement an orientation program for health care workers. • Identify additional needs that have not been included in the CCFNI. • Determine the extent to which the needs of family members in the intensive care unit were satisfied according to the CCFNI after the health care workers have been exposed to an orientation program. The researcher used a quasi-experimental pretest-post-test design and the data was obtained by using the surveying method. The research was limited to the family members of patients that was admitted and received treatment in the Multi-disciplinary intensive care units of a private and provincial hospital in Bloemfontein, as well as the health care workers that worked in the specific Multi-disciplinary intensive care units. Data was obtained through group interviews by using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires existed of two sections. Section A provided biographic information and Section B provided information regarding the needs of family members and the extent to which these needs were satisfied. The orientation program was presented in the form of a workshop to all the health care workers that worked in the specific intensive care units. During the workshop the personnel received information about the needs of family members of critically ill patients. The data obtained from the pre-tests also determined the nature of the workshop. The data was presented by using tables and figures. Explanatory data, namely frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and medians and percentages for continues variables, have been determined for pre and post. The researcher's conclusions were that the health care workers had insufficient knowledge about the needs of family members of critically ill patients. It was also concluded that the hospitals and intensive care units were not fully equipped to meet the needs of family members. According to the data-analysis and conclusions, recommendations were made about the training of students and in service training of health care workers regarding the needs and support of family members. Specific recommendations regarding the implementation of critical care plans for families and the infrastructure of the hospitals and intensive care units were made.Afrikaans: Familiële ondersteuning is belangrik wanneer beoog word om die pasiënt en die familie as 'n eenheid te verpleeg. Die verpleegkundige kan strategieë om die behoeftes van familielede te bevredig, ontwerp en implementeer. Dié strategieë kan slegs suksesvol wees indien die pasiënt en die familie se behoeftes akkuraat geïdentifiseer word. Die behoeftes van familielede sal dan optimaal bevredig kan word. Hospitalisasie van 'n kritieksiek-pasiënt word as 'n krisissituasie vir die pasiënt en die familie beskou. In 1979 is bevind dat die volgende tendens voorgekom het: meeste van die gesondheidsorgpersoneel se energie word op die pasiënt gerig en die minimum tyd word gereserveer om die familie te help om die krisissituasie waarin hulle gedompel is, te hanteer. Die navorser se ervaring in die praktyk is dat die behoefte-bevrediging van familielede in die intensiewesorg-eenheid beperk is. Literatuur het haar waarneming gestaaf deurdat dit beklemtoon dat gesondheidsorgpersoneel onbewus is van die verskeie belangrike behoeftes wat familielede ervaar en dat hulle dus nie poog om hierdie behoeftes te bevredig nie. Gesprekke met kollegas het ook aangedui dat hulle besef dat hulle oor onvoldoende kennis omtrent die behoeftes van familielede beskik. Die navorser het afgelei dat die gesondheidsorgpersoneel in die intensiewesorg-eenheid ten opsigte van familiële behoeftes en ondersteuning oningelig is. Om hierdie rede is die doelstelling van die studie om die mate van behoeftebevrediging van familielede van kritieksiek-pasiënte voor en na implementering van enoriëntasieprogram te bepaal. Die doelwitte wat nagestreef is, is: • Die mate van behoefte-bevrediging van familielede van pasiënte in die intensiewesorg-eenheid, voordat die gesondheidsorgpersoneel aan 'n oriëntasieprogram blootgestel is, volgens die CCFNI ("Critical Care Fa'mily Needs Inventory") te bepaal. • 'n Oriëntasieprogram vir gesondheidsorgpersoneel te ontwikkel. • ‘nOriëntasieprogram vir gesondheidsorgpersoneel te implementeer. • Bykomende behoeftes wat nie by die CCFNI ingesluit is nie, te identifiseer. • Die mate van behoefte-bevrediging van familielede van pasiënte in die intensiewesorg-eenheid, nadat die gesondheidsorgpersoneel aan 'n oriëntasieprogram blootgestel is, volgens die CCFNI te bepaal. en Kwasi-eksperimentele voor- en natoets is in die navorsing gebruik en data is deur middel van die opname-metode versamel. Die navorsing is beperk tot familielede van pasiënte wat in die Multi-dissiplinêre intensiewesorg-eenhede van en privaat- en provinsiale hospitaal in Bloemfontein opgeneem was en behandeling ontvang het, asook gesondheidsorgpersoneel wat in die spesifieke Multi-dissiplinêre intensiewesorg-eenhede werksaam was. Data is deur middel van groepsonderhoudvoering aan die hand van en gestruktureerde vraelys versamel. Die vraelyste het uit twee afdelings bestaan. Afdeling A het biografiese data voorsien en Afdeling B het inligting oor die behoeftes van familielede en in hoe fn mate hierdie behoeftes bevredig is, voorsien. Die oriëntasieprogram het die vorm van fn werkswinkel aangeneem en is aan die gesondheidsorgpersoneel wat in die spesifieke intensiewesorg-eenhede werksaam was, aangebied. Tydens die werkswinkel het die personeel inligting omtrent die behoeftes van familielede van kritieksiek-pasiënte ontvang. Inligting wat tydens die voortoetse bekom is, het ook die aard van die werkswinkel bepaal. Die data is uitgebeeld deur van tabelle en grafieke gebruik te maak. Beskrywende statistiek, naamlik frekwensies en persentasies vir kategoriese veranderlikes en mediane en persentiele vir kontinue veranderlikes, is vir voor en na bereken. Die gevolgtrekkings waartoe die navorser gekom het, is dat gesondheidsorgpersoneel oor onvoldoende kennis omtrent die behoeftes van familielede van kritieksiek-pasiënte beskik. Dit het ook na vore gekom dat hospitale en intensiewesorg-eenhede nie ten volle toegerus is om aan die behoeftes van familielede te voldoen nie. Uit die data-ontleding en gevolgtrekkings is aanbevelings oor die opleiding van studente en indiensopleiding van gesondheidsorgpersoneel ten opsigte van familiële behoeftes en ondersteuning gemaak. Spesifieke aanbevelings oor die implementering van kritieke sorgplanne vir families en die infrastruktuur van hospitale en intensiewesorg-eenhede is ook gemaak.