Physical activity and lifestyle aspects of female students at a tertiary institution

English: BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: It is generally believed that a sharp rise in chronic diseases and unhealthy living has occurred. Researchers believe that the modern lifestyle and a lack in physical activity (PA) are the main reasons for this problem (McGinnis, 1992:S196). Chronic diseases and obesity are factors that can be prevented or reduced with physical activity and a healthy way of living. The way in which physical activity can have an indirect influence on conserving health can be explained in two ways: Firstly physical activity can be used as trigger mechanism to change other destructive lifestyle habits (Weinstein, 1987:8; Eddy & Beltz, 1989: 168). Secondly, participation in PA can have an indirect effect on the reduction of coronary diseases because of its reducing effect on depression, anxiety and tension, to name a few (Willis & Campbell, 1992:47). According to Bray and Born, (2004:181) there is an increasing need for physical activity among young adults. Young adults attending universities gain increased control over their lifestyles. However, they may not necessarily develop positive behaviors like regular PA. The lifestyle that students live is questionable. Whether their activity levels are adequate and whether they generally lead to healthy lifestyles is unknown as little research is available on this matter, especially in South Africa. Keating, Guan, Pinero and Bridges (2005:116) stated that it is well known that students' PA as a research topic has been seriously neglected. Young adulthood is considered to be an important phase of life, as many lifelong health behaviour patterns are established during this phase (Timperio, Salmon & Ball, 2004:20). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is twofold: 1. To identify PA levels of undergraduate female students indifferent ethnic groups on a South African university campus, and 2. To establish the lifestyle profile and body composition of female students in different ethnic groups in a South African university campus. RESEARCH METHODS: The sample constituted of female students at the University of the Free State in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd year+ of study residing on the campus. The sample consisted of 244 students (78 1st years, 98 2nd years, 68 3rd years-: 139 black, 21 coloured and 84 white students). The following three research instruments were used: • International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (2012) • Belloc and Breslow's 7 lifestyle habits questionnaire • The Heath and Carter anthropometrical assessment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: By comparing the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year groups it is evident that 40.16% of the group as a whole (all ethnic groups) did take part in some form of physical activity. Fifty five point one percent (55.13%) of 1st year female students, 42.86% of the 2nd year and 44.12% of the 3rd year female students participated in PA. The White female students had the highest physical activity participation rate (67.86%), followed by the coloured students (38.10%). The black students' physical activity participation (35.97%) was the lowest. An average of 4 out of the 7 lifestyle habits being followed by the majority of the participants. The majority of participants eat breakfast daily (51.64%) but they do not eat 3 meals per day. Eighty seven present (87.70%) of the sample are nonsmokers, with 77.05% of the respondents consuming little to no alcohol, and at least 66.80% of the group maintains a healthy body weight. Unfortunately their eating, sleeping and exercise habits are not optimal. It is evident that the lifestyle habits of the students decrease from the 1st to the s= year, but that by the time they progress to the 3rd year-, they start trying to change their lifestyles habits to a certain extent. The ethnic groups do not show a significant difference among their lifestyle habits but white female students do have a more positive profile.