Verskille in werkstres en psigiese uitbranding tussen blanke-en swart middelvlakbestuurspersoneel in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse diensorganisasie
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Date
1998
Authors
Pienaar, Jacobus Willem
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
Afrikaans: Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die verskil in voorkoms van
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding tussen blanke- en swart middelvlakbestuurspersoneel
in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse diensorganisasie.
Uit 'n beskouing van stres-literatuur blyk dit dat stres, werkstres en psigiese
uitbranding nie net wêreldwyd nie, maar ook in Suid-Afrika aan die toeneem is. Dit
word deur finansiële, organisatoriese en menslike uitgawes verbonde aan stres,
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding, beklemtoon.
Veranderinge binne veral die Suid-Afrikaanse politieke- en ekonomiese arena het
daartoe bygedra dat Suid-Afrikaanse diensorganisasies genoodsaak word om 'n meer
verteenwoordigende werksmag daar te stel, wat daartoe lei dat daar, onder andere,
toenemend meer swart bestuurders in diens geneem word.
Aangesien daar vroeër in Suid-Afrika nie veel aandag geskenk is aan hoe die swart
bestuurder werkstres en psigiese uitbranding in vergelyking met sy blanke eweknie
ervaar nie, bestaan daar tans 'n beperkte aantal literatuur rakende die oorsake van
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding vir hierdie groep.
Daar is dus besluit om ondersoek in te stel na die verskille in werkstres en psigiese
uitbranding tussen blanke- en swart middelvlakbestuurspersoneel, ten einde 'n data
basis vir toekomstige navorsing daar te stel, asook om organisasies in staat te stel
om voorkomend op te tree.
In hierdie studie word stres en meer spesifiek werkstres, asook psigiese uitbranding
as vertrekpunt gebruik en as sistemiese verskynsels bespreek, ten einde aan die doel
van studie te kan beantwoord. Die invloed van ras op die belewing van stres,
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding word aan die hand van 'n multikulturele model van
stres beskryf en verklaar.
'n Populasiegrootte van 387 middelvlakbestuurspersoneel uit 'n Suid-Afrikaanse
diensorganisasie is as proefpersone by die studie ingesluit.
Van Zyl & Van der Walt (1991) se Werk- en- Lewensomstandighedevraelys is gebruik
om stresvlakke en bepaalde stressors te meet en Maslach se Uitbrandingsvraelys
(Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is aangewend om die vlak van uitbranding te bepaal.
Statistiese verwerking van gegewens wat van die 387 vraelyste verkry is, is met
behulp van die SPSS rekenaarprogram (SPSS, 1993) gedoen. In hierdie skripsie
word daar van beide beskrywende- en inferensiële statistiek gebruik gemaak om aan
die daargestelde doelwit te voldoen, nadat daar getoets is of die inferensiële
statistiese metodes voldoen het aan die statistiese aannames onderliggend aan die
gebruik van hierdie metodes. T-toetse en kovariansie-analise is geëvalueer vir
gegroepeerde data ten einde beduidende verskille waar van toepassing tussen
groepe aan te toon.
Daar is statisties beduidende verskille in gemiddelde tellings ten opsigte van
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding tussen blanke- en swart middelvlakbestuurspersoneel
gevind. Vanuit die resultate blyk dit dat die swart groep statisties
beduidend hoër tellings as die blanke groep op eksterne stressors, taakeienskappe,
loopbaanaangeleenthede, sosiale aangeleenthede en depersonalisasie as bronne
van stres, werkstres en psigiese uitbranding, behaal het. Die blanke groep
daarenteen het statisties beduidend hoër tellings op emosionele uitputting as
komponent van psigiese uitbranding as die swart groep, behaal.
Na die integrasie van die data is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat maatreëls om
werkstres en psigiese uitbranding by blanke- en swart middelvlakbestuurspersoneel
te voorkom op verskillende vlakke van die sisteem ingestel sal moet word.
English: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the presence of workrelated stress and psychological burn-out between white and black middle-level management personnel in a South African service organisation. A study of literature on stress reveals that stress, work-stress and psychological burnout are phenomena that are steadily increasing, not only world-wide, but also in South Africa. This fact is emphasised by the financial, organisational and human costs incurred as a result of stress, work-stress and psychological burn-out. Changes within the political and economical arena of South Africa contributed towards forcing South African service organisations to establish a work-force that is more representative. This in its turn, inter alia, contributes towards more black managers being appointed. In view of the fact that very little attention had in the past been paid to the way in which black managers experience work-stress and psychological burn-out in comparison to their white colleagues, the amount of literature on the causes of workstress and psychological burn-out for the said group is indeed very limited at this stage. It has, therefore, been decided to investigate the differences in work-stress and psychological burn-out between black and white management personnel in order to compile a data basis for future research, as well as to enable organisations to plan preventative measures in this regard. In this study stress, more specifically work-stress, and psychological burn-out are the topics used as a point of departure and these topics are discussed as systematical phenomena, in order to meet the aim/purpose of the study. The influence of race on the way in which work-stress and psychological burn-out is experienced, is studied by making use of a multi-cultural model of stress. A population consisting of 387 middle-level management personnel members from a South African service organisation, is included as test persons for the study. The Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire of Van Zyl and Van der Walt (1991) was used to measure stress levels and certain stressors and the Maslach Burn-out Inventory (Maslach & Jackson 1986), was used to determine the level of burn-out. Statistical processing of data collected from 387 completed questionnaires, were done by using the SPSS computer program (SPSS, 1993). In this thesis descriptive as well as inferential statistics is implemented in order to meet the objectives set for the study; after having tested whether the inferential statistical comply with the statistical hypotheses underlying these methods. T-tests and co-variation analysis have been evaluated for grouped data, in order to indicate significant differences between groups, wherever applicable. Statistically significant differences have been found between the average totals in respect of work-stress and psychological burn-out for black and white middle-level management personnel members. From the results it has become apparent that the black group has statistically obtained significantly higher totals on external stressors; task attributes; career matters; social matters; and depersonalisation as sources of stress, work-related stress and psychological burn-out. The white group has - in comparison - obtained higher totals on emotional exhaustion than the black group. After an integration of the data, the conclusion was reached that the measures to prevent work-stress and psychological burn-out in black and white middle-level management personnel would have to be implemented at different levels of a system.
English: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the presence of workrelated stress and psychological burn-out between white and black middle-level management personnel in a South African service organisation. A study of literature on stress reveals that stress, work-stress and psychological burnout are phenomena that are steadily increasing, not only world-wide, but also in South Africa. This fact is emphasised by the financial, organisational and human costs incurred as a result of stress, work-stress and psychological burn-out. Changes within the political and economical arena of South Africa contributed towards forcing South African service organisations to establish a work-force that is more representative. This in its turn, inter alia, contributes towards more black managers being appointed. In view of the fact that very little attention had in the past been paid to the way in which black managers experience work-stress and psychological burn-out in comparison to their white colleagues, the amount of literature on the causes of workstress and psychological burn-out for the said group is indeed very limited at this stage. It has, therefore, been decided to investigate the differences in work-stress and psychological burn-out between black and white management personnel in order to compile a data basis for future research, as well as to enable organisations to plan preventative measures in this regard. In this study stress, more specifically work-stress, and psychological burn-out are the topics used as a point of departure and these topics are discussed as systematical phenomena, in order to meet the aim/purpose of the study. The influence of race on the way in which work-stress and psychological burn-out is experienced, is studied by making use of a multi-cultural model of stress. A population consisting of 387 middle-level management personnel members from a South African service organisation, is included as test persons for the study. The Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire of Van Zyl and Van der Walt (1991) was used to measure stress levels and certain stressors and the Maslach Burn-out Inventory (Maslach & Jackson 1986), was used to determine the level of burn-out. Statistical processing of data collected from 387 completed questionnaires, were done by using the SPSS computer program (SPSS, 1993). In this thesis descriptive as well as inferential statistics is implemented in order to meet the objectives set for the study; after having tested whether the inferential statistical comply with the statistical hypotheses underlying these methods. T-tests and co-variation analysis have been evaluated for grouped data, in order to indicate significant differences between groups, wherever applicable. Statistically significant differences have been found between the average totals in respect of work-stress and psychological burn-out for black and white middle-level management personnel members. From the results it has become apparent that the black group has statistically obtained significantly higher totals on external stressors; task attributes; career matters; social matters; and depersonalisation as sources of stress, work-related stress and psychological burn-out. The white group has - in comparison - obtained higher totals on emotional exhaustion than the black group. After an integration of the data, the conclusion was reached that the measures to prevent work-stress and psychological burn-out in black and white middle-level management personnel would have to be implemented at different levels of a system.
Description
Dissertation (M.Soc.Sc. (Indsutrial Psychology))--University of the Free State, 1998
Keywords
Stress, Work-stress, Psychological burn-out, Middle-level management, Culture, Race, A multi-cultural model of stress, Job stress, Burn out (Psychology), Work -- Psychological aspects