Beginsels van dekorbeplanning en dekorontwerp in teaters met beperkte verhoogfasiliteite

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Date
1993-06
Authors
Fourie, Christoffel Johannes
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The point of view assumed as premise is that a drama is not necessarily unstageable, only because the theatre concerned has certain limitations as regards facilities. It was also accepted that directors often reject scripts for performance according to surmountable standards. The necessity of investigating various possible solutions for the problems with which directors are confronted, served as motivation for this study. The primary purpose of the research was to formulate the theoretical principles of scene planning and scene design, to submit theoretical guidelines for design, to present practically applicable solutions for scene planning and to show that almost all play scripts can be staged through innovative and creative thought with regard to scene planning and scene design. All the relevant aspects of scene planning and scene design were dealt with in this research, especially their application in a theatre with limited stage facilities. The various aspects include the purpose and function of scenery in a play production, the origin and development of scenery in western theatres, the scenery styles of the twentieth century, theatre scenery as a joint artistic creation, the statistical and physical data with regard to limited stage facilities in two specific theatres and the analysis of theoretical scenery requirements, as well as the presentation of practical planning solutions for fourteen stage productions. The study indicates that the main purpose of a stage set is to create, within a given acting space, an ideal environment in which the dramatic action of a specific play script can take place. A distinction can also be made between two secondary aims, namely the promotion of visual understanding and the projection of aesthetic qualities. The inquiry into the origin and development of western stage scenery, shows that from the origin in the ancient Greek theatres, there has been a gradual development of technical aids for the erection and shifting of scenery. Before the First World War the theatre industry reached a stage of technical skill when all the inventions that are in use today, were already known and used. According to the study, the end of the romantic movement in the nineteenth century marked the turn of artistic styles, which resulted in the quick succession of scenery styles, especially at the beginning of the twentieth century. From the research the standpoint emanated that the creation of the stage set is determined by the viewpoints of three different creative artists, namely the dramatist, the director and the designer. Special emphasis is placed on the close cooperation that should exist between the director and the designer and that the stage set should always play a supporting and functional role. The characteristics of the ideal set designer and his working procedure were also formulated. The study clearly shows that the various limited facilities in two specific theatres, namely the Scaena Theatre and the Observatory Theatre in Bloemfontein, do not detract from the fact that both can be regarded as useful, intimate theatres with excellent acoustics and sightlines. The investigation of the presentation of fourteen play scripts on the abovenamed stages, shows that original solutions to problems were discovered, simply by making slight alterations in respect of the placing of scenes. Technical aids which were found to be extremely useful in these investigations, are shifting panels, enlargements of the stage, small trucks and the revolving stage. In the study it was concluded that the stage ability of a drama i a relative concept in the sense that it is determined amongst others by the nature of the available stage facilities and the innovative creativity of the director and the designer.
Afrikaans: Daar is van die standpunt uitgegaan dat 'n drama nie noodwendig onopvoerbaar is, slegs omdat daar in die betrokke teater sekere beperkte fasiliteite bestaan nie. Daar is ook aanvaar dat regisseurs dikwels toneeltekste vir opvoerings volgens oorkombare maatstawwe afkeur. Die noodsaaklikheid om op verskillende wyses ondersoek in te stel na moontlike oplossings vir die probleme waarmee die regisseur gekonfronteer word, het as motivering vir die studie gedien. Die primêre doel met hierdie navorsing was om die teoretiese grondbeginsels van dekorbeplanning en -ontwerp te formuleer, om aan die hand van praktiese voorbeelde teoretiese riglyne vir ontwerp voor te lê, om prakties toepasbare oplossings vir dekorbeplanning aan te bied en om te toon dat byna alle dramatekste deur middel van innoverende en kreatiewe denke ten opsigte van dekorbeplanning en -ontwerp, welopvoerbaar kan wees. In die navorsing is al die relevante aspekte van dekorbeplanning en dekorontwerp, en veral die hantering daarvan in teaters met beperkte verhoogfasiliteite, in behandeling geneem. Die verskillende aspekte behels die doel en funksie van dekor in 'n toneelopvoering, die oorsprong en ontwikkeling van westerse teaterdekor, die dekorstyle van die twintigste eeu, teaterdekor as 'n gesamentlike kunsskepping, die statistiese en fisiese gegewens oor beperkende verhoogfasili teite in twee spesifieke teaters, en die analise van teoretiese dekorvereistes, asook die aanbieding van praktiese beplanningsoplossings vir veertien toneelopvoerings. Die studie toon aan dat die hoofdoel van 'n dekorstel is om in 'n gegewe speelruimte 'n ideale omgewing te skep waarin die dramatiese handeling van 'n spesifieke toneelteks kan afspeel. Daar kan egter ook onderskei word tussen twee sekondêre doelstellings van dekor, naamlik die bevordering van visuele begrip en die projeksie van estetiese kwaliteite. Die ondersoek na die oorsprong en ontwikkeling van westerse teaterdekor toon aan dat daar vanaf die oorsprong in die antieke Griekse teaters, 'n geleidelike ontwikkeling van tegniese hulpmiddels vir die oprigting en verskuiwing van dekor was. Voor die Eerste Wêreldoorlog het die teaterwese egter 'n stadium van tegniese vaardigheid bereik, toe alle uitvindings wat vandag gebruik word, alreeds bekend was. Volgens die studie het daar vanaf die einde van die Romantiese beweging in die negentiende eeu 'n groot wending in kunsstyle gekom, wat veral aan die begin van die twintigste eeu 'n snelle opeenvolging van dekorstyle tot gevolg gehad het. Uit die navorsing spruit daar die beskouing dat die skepping van 'n dekorstel deur die standpunte van drie verskillende skeppende kunstenaars bepaal word, naamlik die dramaturg, die regisseur en die ontwerper. Besondere klem word geplaas op die hegte samewerking wat tussen die regisseur en die ontwerper moet bestaan en dat die dekorstel altyd 'n ondersteunende en funksionele posisie moet beklee. Die kenmerke van die ideale dekorontwerper en sy werkprosedure word ook geformuleer. Dit blyk uit die studie dat die verskillende beperkte fasiliteite van twee spesifieke teaters, naamlik die Scaena-teater en die Sterrewagteater in Bloemfontein niks wegneem van die feit dat albei uiters bruikbare, intieme teaters met uitstekende akoestiek en siglyne is nie. Die ondersoek na die aanbieding van veertien dramatekste op bogenoemde twee verboë toon dat daar telkens met geringe wysigings ten opsigte van die plasing van tonele op oorspronklike wyse oplossings vir probleme gevind is. Tegniese hulpmiddels wat in hierdie verband besonder bruikbaar was, is skuifpanele, uitbouings, rolwaens en die draaiverhoog. Daar is in die studie tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die opvoerbaarheid van 'n drama 'n relatiewe begrip is in dié sin dat dit onder andere bepaal word deur die aard van die beskikbare verhoogfasiliteite en die oorspronklikheid en innoverende denke wat die regisseur en die ontwerper aan die dag lê.
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Keywords
Dissertation (M.A. (Drama and Theatre Arts) - University of the Free State, 1993, Theaters -- South Africa -- Bloemfontein -- Stage-setting and scenery
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