Prevalence of acute kidney injury in the paediatric intensive care unit at Pelonomi Regional Hospital
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Date
2017
Authors
Reynders, M.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children and associated with an increased mortality
rate. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI in critically ill children admitted to the
paediatric intensive care unit at Pelonomi Hospital, the most common admission diagnoses among
these patients admitted with AKI and the mortality rate in this cohort.
Method
A retrospective observational study design was followed. The study milieu was a 5-bed tertiary
paediatric intensive care unit at Pelonomi Hospital in Bloemfontein. All patients between one month
and thirteen years old admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit for the period 1 January 2015 to
31 December 2015 were screened for AKI. The clinical and laboratory features of the included
children were recorded and used to diagnose AKI utilizing both the serum creatinine and urine output
criteria of the paediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, End-stage and Failure classification (pRIFLE).
Results
The clinical records of 245 patients were evaluated, of these, 35 had to be excluded. Acute kidney
injury was found in 108 (51.4%) of the remaining 210 patients. Of these 108 patients with AKI, 32
(29.6%) patients reached pRIFLE maximum of Risk, 30 (27.7%) patients reached Injury, and 46
(42.5%) had Failure. The most common admission diagnoses in children with AKI were pneumonia
(30.5%) and acute diarrhoeal disease (16.7%). A total of 30 (14.2%) deaths occurred during the
study period and AKI was present in 20 (18.5%) of these deaths.
Conclusion
Acute kidney injury is common in the paediatric intensive care. The most common admission
diagnoses of the children found to have AKI were infective diseases like pneumonia and acute
diarrhoea. Critically ill children have an increased risk for mortality.
Description
Keywords
Acute kidney injury (AKI), Paediatric intensive care unit, Children mortality, Pneumonia, Acute diarrhoea, Dissertation (M.Med. (Paediatrics and Child Health))--University of the Free State, 2017