Factors which contribute to the attitudes towards research in final year optometry students at the University of the Free State

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Date
2015-01
Authors
Coetzee, Lauren Shelley
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: This study was carried out in order to determine the factors which contribute to the attitudes towards research in the final year optometry students at the University of Free State. Research attitude at an undergraduate level can influence the likelihood of further postgraduate study, and continued life-long learning in a professional capacity. The importance of the research at undergraduate level is noted by the skills which develop: time management, team work, critical thinking and many more. These skills are sought in the workplace and provide for adaptable individuals able to take independent decisions and enhance patient care through rich information gathering. Research is important to the profession of Optometry within the framework of finding African solutions to African problems and sustainability in an ever-increasing diversified patient base. An extensive literature control was undertaken during the length of the study to inform the researcher of aspects of the theory of attitude and the impact an undergraduate research project has to students’ development of an attitude to research. The mandates of the educational framework of government and the University were examined. The method of investigation was the nominal group technique (NGT). The NGT was completed with the informed consent of 22 participants, over a period of seven weeks, in three sessions at a neutral venue. An expert facilitator managed the sessions, and the researcher was present as an observer. Unplanned open discussions occurred after the sessions, which enriched the data collection process. Each statement was taken as an individual code, and the qualitative groupings of codes compiled into themes. Under iterative analysis the themes were then allocated a category. Twelve categories were compiled from the data, with both positive and negative aspects, and categories which carried also mixed (positive and negative) experiences. This reflected the integrative nature of the experiences relating to research that the students identified with; and the importance of interpersonal interaction. The findings highlighted facets which are within the scope of power of the Department of Optometry (DoO) to improve upon. Also, experiences from which students gain satisfaction the DoO can cultivate and formalise in policies relating to the undergraduate research project. Recommendations of the study relate prominently to administrative factors and the future implementation of defined communication channels, guidelines for ethical approval and improved module guides. Not all negative experiences could realistically be eliminated due to the nature of external factors and University guidelines that are currently in place. The findings can lead supervisors to identify shortcomings within their approach to students’ research projects and allow for personal development in this area for each lecturer. The study originated from the limited research experience in undergraduate and postgraduate publications in the DoO and a gap in the knowledge of this topic in the optometric health profession within South Africa. The knowledge gained by the study provides a platform for the growth of the undergraduate research module and an improved output rate of student research publications. The sound research methodology ensured the trustworthiness of the data and findings. Recordings of the original scripts are available to interested readers. This study can serve as the basis for further research undertakings in this field.
Afrikaans: Hierdie studie is onderneem om vas te stel watter faktore bydra tot die finale jaar optometrie studente aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat se houding jeens navorsing. Die waarskynlikheid van verdere nagraadse studie en voortgesette, lewenslange leer in ʼn professionele hoedanigheid kan deur navorsingshouding op voorgraadse vlak beïnvloed word. Dit is veral vaardighede soos tydsbestuur, spanwerk en kritiese denke wat ontwikkel wat ʼn aanduiding bied van die belangrikheid van navorsing op voorgraadse vlak. Dit is gesogte vaardighede in die werkplek wat aanpasbare individue kenmerk wat onafhanklik kan besluit en pasiëntsorg deur ryk inligtingsinsameling kan verbeter. Navorsing is vir die Optometrie professie van belang binne die raamwerk daarvan om Afrika-oplossings vir Afrika probleme en volhoubaarheid in ʼn toenemend gediversifiseerde kliëntebasis te vind. ʼn Uitvoerige literatuurkontrole is tydens die duur van die studie onderneem om die navorser oor aspekte rakende houdingsteorie en die impak van ʼn voorgraadse navorsingsprojek op studente se houdingsontwikkeling jeens navorsing in te lig. Die mandate van die onderwysraamwerk van die regering en van die Universiteit is ondersoek. Die Nominale Groeptegniek (NGT) is as ondersoekmetode gekies. Die NGT is met die ingeligte toestemming van 22 deelnemers oor ʼn tydperk van sewe weke, tydens drie sessies in ʼn neutrale lokaal voltooi. ʼn Deskundige fasiliteerder het die sessies hanteer en die navorser was as waarnemer teenwoordig. Onbeplande oop besprekings het na die sessies plaasgevind, wat die data-insamelingsproses verryk het. Elke stelling is as ʼn kode beskou, en die kwalitatiewe groepering van kodes tot temas saamgevoeg. Die temas is dan ingevolge iteratiewe groeperings aan ʼn kategorie toegeken. Twaalf kategorieë is uit die data saamgestel, met negatiewe sowel as positiewe aspekte, asook kategorieë wat gemengde (positiewe en negatiewe) ervarings bevat het. Dit het die saamgestelde aard van die navorsingservarings waarmee die studente kon identifiseer, reflekteer - asook die belangrikheid van interpersoonlike interaksie. Die bevindinge belig fasette wat binne die bemagtigingswydte van die Optometrie Departement verbeter kan word, asook ervarings waaruit studente bevrediging put en hierdie departement kan koester en in hul beleid oor die voorgraadse navorsingsprojek kan formaliseer. Aanbevelings wat uit die studie spruit verleen prominensie aan administratiewe faktore en die toekomstige implementering van gedefinieerde kommunikasiekanale, riglyne vir etiese goedkeuring en verbeterde modulegidse. Nie alle negatiewe ervarings kon realistiesgesproke elimineer word nie weens die aard van eksterne faktore en Universiteitsriglyne wat tans geld. Die bevindinge kan studieleiers help om tekortkominge in hulle benadering tot studente se navorsingsprojekte te identifiseer en sodoende persoonlike ontwikkeling op hierdie gebied bemoontlik. Die studie het sy oorsprong in die beperkte navorsingservaring in voorgraadse en nagraadse publikasies in die Optometrie Departement en ʼn kennisgaping oor hierdie onderwerp in die Optometrie gesondheidsprofessie in Suid-Afrika. Die kennis wat deur die studie ingewin is, skep ʼn platform vir groei in die voorgraadse navorsingsmodule en ʼn toename in navorsingspublikasies onder studente. Die grondige navorsingsmetodologie het die betroubaarheid van die data en bevindinge verseker. Opnames van die oorspronklike dokumente kan aan geïnteresseerde lesers beskikbaar gestel word. Hierdie studie kan as basis dien vir verdere navorsingsondernemings op hierdie gebied.
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Keywords
Undergraduate, Research, Attitude, Optometry, Qualitative, Nominal group technique, Dissertation (M.HPE. (Health Sciences Education))-University of the Free State, 2015
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