Narratiewe identiteitsvorming: navigering en onderhandeling deur studente aan 'n universiteit

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Date
2018-01
Authors
Groenewald, Emmarentia Margaretha
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The study focuses on the narrative construction of identity of students at a South African university campus. The students from higher education institutions do not only have to navigate and negotiate continuously to adjust to a new context, but their own identities are also re-evaluated and reconstructed in the process. Not only do the students add their own, unique stories – shaped by history, culture, experiences and language – to the higher education context, but the interconnection between race, language, gender and class creates opportunities to shape new identities. Construction of identity is a flexible process, whereas negotiations and movement happen continuously when they are influenced by new contexts, processes and relationships. Since several relational networks of time and space may overlap and move, the identities of students who enter a higher education institution context, may move in relation to the ‘new’ tertiary spaces they are entering. The study was driven by a central research question: How do narratives help to negotiate and navigate the construction of identity of students at a university? In order to answer the research question, the study was conducted according to an interpretative approach and a socio-constructivist research paradigm. According to this approach, the reality is constructed socially, while the negotiations and navigations of people in their social environment contribute to constructing meaning. Eight students, representing different language and ethnic groups at the university, were selected as participants. The data were generated by means of reflective, written assignments for and semi-structured interviews with the students. A narrative methodology assisted with exploring the students’ narrative construction of identity. Narratives were used as the means by which the participants made sense of their experiences and by which they could better understand their places in the social environment. In order to ensure that the cultural embeddedness of each participant was considered while listening to their experiences in a social context, the study was conducted according to Somers’ (1994) narrative identity approach, the social identity theory of Tajfel and Turner (1979) and Dewey’s (1938) theory of experience. Somers’ (1994) theory ensured that each participant’s story was read against the background of several cultural and historical stories, while Tajfel and Turner (1979) helped to interpret the stories in the social context in which each person functions. Dewey’s (1938) theory ensured that the participants’ experiences of the past and the present that move over time and space were integrated into a storyline. A literature study helped to uncover identity, approaches to constructing identity and the nature and extent of the narrative construction of identity. Every individual has an intrapersonal identity, which includes the values, viewpoints and perspectives of that individual, as well as an interpersonal identity, which depends on the interaction with the social environment. The tension that develops between agency and communality can be investigated by the narrative identity. An overview of the university context resulted in a better understanding of the navigation and negotiation of the institutional narratives. While the first data set focused on the students’ community experiences, the second data set of experiences was captured within the university context. The participants’ community narratives were used as the starting point to determine to what extent their narrative identities within the university context were navigated and negotiated. The participants’ experiences were discussed in accordance with their multiple identities of language and race, and entwined with their personal values and viewpoints in order to portray their narrative identities. With the help of the data and elucidated by my theoretical lens, I established that narrative identities are navigated and negotiated by means of re-creation, adaptation, reconstruction and disengagement. Positive negotiation and navigation promote agency and communality, while positive identities are shaped to the advantage of transformation.
Afrikaans: Die studie fokus op die narratiewe identiteitsvorming van studente aan ’n Suid-Afrikaanse universiteitskampus. Studente aan hoëronderwysinstellings moet nie alleen voortdurend navigeer en onderhandel om binne ʼn nuwe konteks aan te pas nie, maar hul eie identiteite word ook in die proses geherevalueer en gerekonstrueer. Nie alleen bring studente hul eie, unieke lewenstories, gevorm deur geskiedenis, kultuur, ervaringe en taal, na die hoëronderwyskonteks nie, maar die interkonneksie tussen ras, taal, geslag en klas bring moontlikhede vir nuwe identiteitsvorming. Identiteitsvorming is ʼn vloeibare proses, aangesien onderhandelinge en verskuiwing voortdurend plaasvind soos wat nuwe kontekste, prosesse en verhoudinge daarop inwerk. Aangesien verskeie netwerke van verhoudinge oor tyd en ruimte kan oorvleuel en verskuif, kan studente wat die konteks van ʼn hoëronderwysinstelling betree, se identiteite skuif in verhouding tot die ‘nuwe’ tersiêre ruimte wat hulle betree. Die studie is gerig deur ’n sentrale navorsingsvraag: Hoe word die identiteitsvorming van studente aan ’n universiteit met behulp van narratiewe onderhandel en genavigeer? Om die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord is die studie volgens ’n interpretatiewe benadering en ’n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese navorsingsparadigma gerig. Volgens dié benadering word die werklikheid sosiaal gekonstrueer, terwyl mense se onderhandeling en navigering in die sosiale omgewing bydra tot betekenisvorming. Agt studente wat verskillende taal- en etniese groepe by die universiteit verteenwoordig, is as deelnemers gekies. Data is gegenereer met behulp van reflektiewe skryfopdragte vir, en semigestruktureerde onderhoude met die studente. ’n Narratiewe metodologie het meegehelp in die verkenning van studente se narratiewe identiteitsvorming. Narratiewe is gebruik as middel waardeur die deelnemers kon sin maak van hul ervaringe en hul plek in die sosiale omgewing beter kon verstaan. Om te verseker dat die kulturele ingebedheid van elke deelnemer in ag geneem word terwyl na hul ervaringe in ’n sosiale konteks geluister is, is die studie gerig volgens die narratiewe identiteitsbenadering van Somers (1994), die sosiale identiteitsteorie van Tajfel en Turner (1979) en Dewey (1938) se teorie van ervaring. Somers (1994) se teorie het verseker dat elke deelnemer se storie gelees geword teen die agtergrond van verskeie kulturele en geskiedkundige stories, terwyl Tajfel en Turner (1979) meegehelp het om die stories te interpreteer binne die sosiale konteks waarin elkeen optree. Dewey (1938) se teorie het verseker dat die deelnemers se ervaringe van die verlede en hede, wat oor tyd en ruimte skuif, in ’n storielyn geïntegreer is. Met behulp van ’n literatuurstudie is identiteit, benaderings tot identiteitsvorming en die aard en omvang van narratiewe identiteitsvorming ontbloot. Elke individu het ’n intrapersoonlike identiteit, wat waardes, sieninge en perspektiewe van die individu insluit, en ’n interpersoonlike identiteit, wat afhang van interaksie in die sosiale omgewing. Die spanning wat tussen agentskap en gemeenskaplikheid ontstaan, kan deur narratiewe identiteit ondersoek word. ’n Oorsig oor die universiteitskonteks het ’n beter verstaan van die navigering en onderhandeling van institusionele narratiewe gebring. Terwyl die eerste stel data gefokus het op die studente se gemeenskapservaringe, het die tweede stel data ervaringe binne die universiteitskonteks vasgevang. Die deelnemers se gemeenskapsnarratiewe is as vertrekpunt gebruik om vas te stel in watter mate hulle hul narratiewe identiteite binne die universiteitskonteks genavigeer en onderhandel het. Die deelnemers se ervaringe is bespreek kragtens hul meervoudige identiteite van taal en ras, en verweef met persoonlike waardes en sieninge om sodoende hul narratiewe identiteite uit te beeld. Met behulp van data en toegelig deur my teoretiese lens kon ek vasstel dat narratiewe identiteite met behulp van herskepping, aanpassing, hervorming en onttrekking, genavigeer en onderhandel word. Positiewe onderhandeling en navigering bevorder agentskap en gemeenskaplikheid, terwyl positiewe identiteite geskep word tot voordeel van transformasie.
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Keywords
Identity, Narrative, Race, Language, Gender, Negotiate, Navigate, Students, Context, Agency, Communality, Higher education, Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--University of the Free State, 2018
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