Factors affecting teachers' stress levels in the Botha-Bothe district of Lesotho

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Date
1998-11
Authors
Mohloboli, Alice 'Mateleko
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Stress is attributed to be an interference that disturbs a person's mental and physical well-being. Stress results have negative effects: physically (headaches), behaviourally (overreacting), emotionally (fatigue) and mentally (forgetfulness). This study was undertaken to identify whether factors causing stress, such as role conflict, role overload, role insufficiency, role ambiguity, responsibility and physical environment are prevalent amongst teachers in the Botha-Bothe district of Lesotho. In establishing this, a standardized occupational stress inventory (OS!), measuring all these factors, was administered in the named area. The aim of this study was to review the related local and international literature on stress regarding factors such as causes, effects and coping strategies, to do an empirical study, to analyse and interpret the data, to make suggestions to the government of Lesotho based on the findings in the study. Both a null and an alternative hypothesis were stated for this study. Ho: Teachers in Lesotho do not have stress and there are no factors causing stress amongst them. HI: Teachers in Lesotho suffer from stress and there are factors, effects and coping strategies. Because a study of this nature has never been undertaken in Lesotho and because the targeted clientele was government registered secondary and high schools of Botha-Bothe district of Lesotho, use was made of a standardised test which has a high validity and reliability. The occupational stress inventory (OS!) was chosen. The OSI was developed for two reasons: To develop generic measures of occupational stressors that would apply across different occupational levels of the environment and to provide measures for an integrated theoretical model, linking sources of stress in the . work environment, the physiological strains experienced by individuals as a result of work stressors and the coping resources available to combat the effects of stressors and alleviate stress. In order to substantiate and verify all the factors relating to stress, a comprehensive literature study on the phenomenon "stress" was undertaken. Relevant books, articles, journals and bulletins were consulted. The literature review gave a comprehensive picture of stress regarding stress in general, its effects and coping strategies. The empirical study concentrated on three domains: the occupational stress domain (ORQ) was measured on a set of six scales. The personal strain questionnaire (PSQ) and the personal resource questionnaire (PRQ) were both measured on four separate scales. The self-made questionnaire was also used to gather general information for individual respondents like post, sex, religion, level of teaching, race, qualifications, age, number of children of individual respondents and experience. Administration was applied on government registered secondary and high schools of the Botha-Bothe district of Lesotho using random sampling. Analysis and interpretation of data collected under the supervision of a registered psychologist was done through frequency distribution and analysis of variance through the computer section of the University of the Orange Free State. No stress was found. Summary suggestions and conclusions constitute the fifth chapter.
Afrikaans: Stres word gekenmerk deur die inwerking daarvan op 'n persoon se geestes- en fisiese welsyn. Stres het negatiewe resultate, byvoorbeeld fisies (hoofpyne), op gedragsterrein (oorreageer), emosioneel (emosionele uitputting) en op die intellek (vergeetagtigheid). Hierdie studie is onderneem om te bepaal of faktore wat stres veroorsaak, soos rolkonflik, roloorlading, rolontoereikendheid, roldubbelsinnigheid, verantwoordelikheid en die fisiese omgewing 'n impak het op onderwysers in die Botha-Bothedistrik in Lesotho. Om dit te bepaal, is 'n gestandaardiseerde beroepstres-opnamevraelys (OS/) wat hierdie faktore meet, in die distrik geïmplementeer. Die navorsingsmetode het die volgende behels: 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen waartydens plaaslike en internasionale literatuur oor stres, insluitend faktore soos oorsake, gevolge en hanteringsmeganismes bestudeer is. Hierna is 'n empiriese studie gedoen en die data wat ingewin is, is geanaliseer en geïnterpreteer met die oog daarop om aanbevelings, gebaseer op die bevindinge van die studie, aan die Lesotho-regering voor te lê. Beide 'n nul- en alternatiewe hipotese is vir die studie gestel. Ho stel dit dat onderwysers in Lesotho nie aan stres onderhewig is nie en dat daar geen faktore teenwoordig is wat vir hulle stres veroorsaak nie. Volgens Hl ly onderwysers aan stres en speel sekere faktore 'n rol. Aangesien 'n studie van hierdie aard nog nooit vantevore in Lesotho onderneem is nie, en omdat die teikengroep regerings-, sekondêre en hoërskole in die Botha-Bothe-distrik in Lesotho was, het die navorser gebruik gemaak van 'n gestan- . daardiseerde toets met 'n hoë geldigheid en betroubaarheid. Die beroepstres-opnamevraelys (OS/) is vir die inwin van inligting aangewend. Die OS! het 'n tweeledige doel: om generiese metings van stressors te ontwikkel wat oor verskillende beroepsvlakke aangewend kan word, en om metings te bepaal vir 'n geïntegreerde teoretiese model wat die oorsake van stres koppel aan die werkomgewing, die fisiologiese belemmeringe wat individue ervaar as gevolg van werkstres, en die hanteringsmeganismes wat beskikbaar is om die effek van stressors teë te werk en stres te verminder. Om substansie te gee aan die faktore wat met stres verband hou en dit te verifieer is 'n omvattende literatuurstudie oor die stresverskynsel onderneem. Relevante boeke, artikels, joernale en bulletins is geraadpleeg. Die literatuurstudie het 'n omvattende idee gegee van wat stres behels. Aandag is geskenk aan stres in die algemeen, die effekte daarvan en die hanteringsmeganismes. In die empiriese studie is daar op drie domeinde gefokus: die beroepstresdomein (ORQ) is op ses skale gemeet. Die vraelys oor persoonlike stres (PSQ) en die vraelys oor hulpbronne (PRQ) is beide op vier aparte skale gemeet. 'n Vraelys wat deur die navorser self opgestel is, is gebruik om algemene inligting van die individuele respondente te verkry, oor aangeleenthede soos pos, geslag, godsdiens, vlak van opleiding, ras, kwalifikasies, ouderdom, aantal kinders en ervaring. Daar is van ewekansige steekproeftrekking gebruik gemaak. Die analise en interpretasie van die data wat ingesamel is, is gedoen onder toesig van 'n geregistreerde sielkundige, en wel deur frekwensieverspreiding en variansie-analise, gedoen deur die Rekensentrum van die Universiteit van die Oranje- Vrystaat. Die resultaat was dat geen beroepsverwante stres onder die onderwysers van Botha-Bothe gevind is nie. 'n Opsomming van die aanbevelings en bevindinge word in hoofstuk 5 weergegee.
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Keywords
Burn out (Psychology), Stress management, Dissertation (M.Ed. (Psychology of Education))--University of the Free State, 1998
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