The use of traditional medicines and rituals in professional soccer in South Africa
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Date
2015-06
Authors
Mulungwa, L. C.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
Objectives:
Anecdotally and from observation there is wide spread use of traditional medicine (TM)
and traditional rituals (TR) in sport in South Africa. It is predominantly practiced by
ethnic black athletes, and is an apparent common occurrence in professional soccer. No
scientific literature could be found on TM and TR in sport in South Africa. In order to
advise athletes on the use of TM and TR, scientific evidence is required on the prevalence
of TM and TR use, the types and substances used, efficacy, adverse effects, and possible
content of banned substances. The aim of the study was therefore to gather baseline
data on the use of TM and TR, to assess the prevalence and the role thereof in sport, and
to identify substances and rituals in order to guide future research on this very relevant
topic.
Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted on former South African professional soccer
players. The interview guide was constructed by identification of key questions to
elucidate the prevalence and importance of TM and TR use in South Africa, to identify
specific medicines and rituals, the perceived effectiveness thereof, and to understand the
role and importance of secrecy that apparently surrounds TM and TR practices. Data was
analysed by transcription and classification of the interviews, to produce predominantly
qualitative data.
Results:
It was confirmed that TM and TR use is common practice in South African professional
soccer. TM is used for minor ailments, stamina, injury healing, protection, improved
performance, and as part of team rituals. A list of commonly used TMs has been
identified and presented. Even though TM and TR are commonly used and regarded as
important, the majority of participants preferred to use western medicine before they
resort to TM. A list of TR has been identified and presented. The majority of participants
(80%) did not believe that TR improves sport performance. Secrecy about the use of TM
and TR is an important component of the traditional culture, which complicates research
on this topic.
Description
Keywords
Traditional medicine, Traditional rituals, Sport, Soccer, Dissertation (M.Sports.Med. (Sports Medicine))--University of the Free State, 2015