Die beleweniswêreld van serebraal gestremde adolossente en die rol van psigososiale faktore in hulle sielkundige weerbaarheid

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Date
2013-01
Authors
Visser, Dirkie Amalia
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Cerebral palsy is a complex condition and stressor, posing specific challenges to the affected individual and those involved. According to the literature, existing studies do not reflect the subjective experience and self-reporting of the person with a disability (Lutz & Bowers, 2005; Reeve, 2006; Singh & Ghai, 2009; Stalker, 2012; Tisdall, 2012; Watermeyer & Swartz, 2008; Watson, 2012). Thus, this study attempts to let the voices be heard of adolescents with cerebral palsy in order to gain new insight into the way in which they ascribe meaning to disability, manage their disability and overcome social, physical and emotional barriers. A qualitative approach within a psychofortigenic framework was followed in the study. The role of psychosocial factors in the psychological resilience of the adolescent with cerebral palsy was investigated in order to include the strength perspective. The theories, frameworks and models of the positive psychology paradigm were used as theoretical foundation to the study. Analysis and interpretation of data from the six semi-structured interviews was done by means of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Furthermore, the identified themes were contextualised within an ecological systems framework according to intrapsychic, interpersonal and broader community factors. A preliminary conceptual process model was compiled from the cross-case analysis and describes the interrelationship and general dynamics of the experience of disability as well as the role of psychosocial factors (risk and protective factors) in the psychological resilience of the adolescents with cerebral palsy. The results confirm the impact and experience of disability as a multi-layered phenomenon and that each individual ascribes unique meaning to it according to personality traits, needs, emotional and social support, life contexts and life demands. The need of the adolescent with cerebral palsy to be recognised and treated as a unique individual is central in this study. The experience of disability within the broader social community does not only have a psycho-emotional effect on the person with a disability, but also psycho-social implications. Risk and protective factors are interacting in a multi-levelled way and the adolescent applies personal and contextual sources of power in order to ensure positive outcomes. The value of this study is letting the voices be heard of people with a disability regarding their lived reality of disability and psychological sources of resilience. The knowledge gathered in this study can also contribute to improved aid, support and understanding of the person with a disability.
Afrikaans: Serebrale gestremdheid is ’n komplekse toestand en stressor wat besondere uitdagings aan die geaffekteerde individu en al die betrokkenes stel. Die literatuur meld dat bestaande studies dikwels nie die subjektiewe belewing en selfrapportering van die persoon met ’n gestremdheid weerspieël nie (Lutz & Bowers, 2005; Reeve, 2006; Singh & Ghai, 2009; Stalker, 2012; Tisdall, 2012; Watermeyer & Swartz, 2008; Watson, 2012). Hierdie studie poog om adolessente met serebrale gestremdheid se stem te laat hoor om sodoende nuwe insig te verkry in die wyse waarop hulle betekenis aan gestremdheid gee, hulle gestremdheid bestuur en sosiale, fisiese en emosionele struikelblokke oorkom.’n Kwalitatiewe benadering binne ’n psigofortigene raamwerk is in die studie gevolg. Die rol van die psigososiale faktore in die sielkundige weerbaarheid van die adolessent met serebrale gestremdheid is ondersoek ten einde die sterkteperspektief in te sluit. Die teorieë, raamwerke en modelle binne die paradigma van die positiewe sielkunde is as teoretiese onderbou vir die studie benut. Die data-analise en interpretasie van die ses semigestruktureerde onderhoude is deur middel van Interpretatiewe Fenomenologiese Analise (IPA) gedoen. Verder is die geïdentifiseerde temas binne ’n ekologiese sisteemraamwerk volgens intrapsigiese, interpersoonlike en wyer gemeenskapsfaktore gekontekstualiseer. ’n Voorlopige konseptuele prosesmodel is uit die kruisgeval-analise saamgestel en beskryf die onderlinge verwantskap en algemene dinamiek van die belewing van gestremdheid, asook die rol van psigososiale faktore (risiko- en beskermingsfaktore) in die sielkundige weerbaarheid van die adolessente met serebrale gestremdhede. Die resultate bevestig dat die impak en belewing van gestremdheid ’n veelvlakkige fenomeen is en dat elke individu unieke betekenis daaraan heg na gelang van persoonlikheidseienskappe, behoeftes, emosionele en sosiale ondersteuning, lewenskontekste en lewenseise. Die behoefte van die adolessent met serebraal gestremdheid om as unieke individu erken en behandel te word, staan sentraal in die studie. Die ervaring van gestremdheid binne die groter sosiale gemeenskap het nie alleen ’n psigo-emosionele effek op die adolessent met ’n gestremdheid nie, maar ook psigososiale implikasies. Risiko- en beskermingsfaktore is in veelvlakkige interaksie gewikkel en die adolessent maak van persoonlike en kontekstuele kragbronne gebruik om positiewe uitkomste te verseker. Die waarde van die studie is dat persone met ’n gestremdheid se stem gehoor word ten opsigte van hulle deurleefde werklikheid van gestremdheid en sielkundige weerstandsbronne. Die kennis wat in die studie versamel is, kan ook tot verbeterde hulpverlening, ondersteuning en begrip vir die persoon met ’n gestremdheid bydra.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Child psychology))--University of the Free State, 2013, Cerebral palsy, Adolescent psychology, Teenagers with disabilities, Resilience (Personality trait) in adolescence, Positive psychology, Resilient therapy, Psychological sources of resilience, Risk and protective factors, Psycho-social factors, Lived reality, Subjective experience, Positive psychology, Adolescent
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