Speciation and interconversion mechanism of mixed halo and O,O- and O,N-bidentate ligand complexes of zirconium

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Date
2009-05
Authors
Steyn, Maryke
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The aim of this project is to find significant chemical differences between the fluorinated O,O-bidentate ligand complexes of zirconium and hafnium which would allow the separation and purification of these metals. In the present investigation of zirconium complexes, different ratio's of bidentate ligands (L,L’) have been used in synthesis, to study the variation in activity and selectivity of coordination of L,L’ to zirconium halides, where L,L’ = tfacacH, hfacacH and oxH. Different synthetic procedures and characterization methods of these complexes are discussed. Optimal reaction conditions have been found for different substituted L,L’- bidentate halo-zirconium complexes. The crystallographic characterization of tetrakis(1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonato-κ2-O,O’) zirconium(IV) toluene solvate and tetrakis(quinolinolato-κ2-N,O)zirconium(IV) N,N-dimethyl-formamide solvate is presented and compared with literature. The former crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system while the latter is triclinic. Both crystal structures were found to have solvent molecules as part of the basic molecular unit, though these solvent molecules are shown to not have a great impact on the steric packing for either basic organometallic group (consisting of the respective bidentate ligands coordinated to zirconium). It was also found that these structures show square anti-prismatic coordination polyhedra, with a small distortion towards a dodecahedral geometry in both cases. This is however not uncommon for zirconium-bidentate ligand structures. A discussion of the principles of the kinetic approach employed is also included as well as experimental results. Specific reference is made to the advancement in setting standards for identifying reaction steps and defining reaction mechanisms. New conclusions about the coordination mechanism with regard to these systems are drawn from new observations made during the synthesis, characterization and IXpreliminary kinetic studies. The initial coordination mechanism is postulated for the four observed steps of zirconium chelating reactions individually identified and analyzed with bidentate ligands. A step-wise substitution mechanism is proposed and discussed for this coordination reaction scheme, yielding interesting results concerning the theoretical assumptions for such a reaction proceeding to full coordination of zirconium, studied by time resolved stopped flow and slower UV/Vis spectroscopy. Other than traditional square-planar coordination reactions, this system proved to be independent of solvent effects, as also evident by the independence of crystallographic characterized structures shown to have no influence from steric effects of solvent molecules present in the formula unit.
Afrikaans: Die doel van hierdie projek is om beduidende chemiese verskille tussen die gefluorineerde O,O-bidentate ligandkomplekse van sirkonium en hafnium te vind wat die skeiding en suiwering van hierdie metale sal toelaat. In die huidige ondersoek van sirkonium komplekse is verskillende verhoudings van bidentate ligande (L,L’) in sintese gebruik om die verskille in aktiwiteit en selektiwiteit van koördinasie van L,L’ aan sirkonium haliede, waar L,L’ = tfacacH, hfacacH en oxH, te bestudeer. Verskillende sintetiese prosedures en karakteriseringsmetodes van hierdie komplekse word bespreek. Optimale reaksietoestande is vir verskillend gesubstitueerde L,L’-bidentate halo-sirkonium komplekse gevind. Die kristallografiese karakterisering van tetrakis(1,1,1-trifluoroasetielasetonato-κ2-O,O’) sirkonium(IV) tolueen solvaat en tetrakis(kinolinolato-κ2-N,O)sirkonium(IV) N,Ndimetiel- formamied solvaat word voorgelê en vergelyk met beskikbare literatuur. Eersgenoemde kristalliseer in `n monokliniese kristalstelsel terwyl laasgenoemde triklinies is. Beide kristalstrukture bevat oplosmiddel molekule as deel van die basiese molekulêre eenheid, maar die oplosmiddel molekule het nie `n groot impak op die steriese pakking van enige van die twee basiese organometalliese groepe (bestaande uit die onderskeie bidentate ligande gekoördineer aan sirkonium) nie. Dit is ook vasgestel dat hierdie strukture vierkantig anti-prismatiese koördinasie polihedra vertoon, met `n klein uitwyking na dodekahedrale geometrie in beide gevalle. Dit is egter nie `n ongewone verskynsel in sirkonium-bidentate ligandstrukture nie. `n Bespreking van die beginsels van die toegepaste kinetiese benadering is ingesluit, asook die eksperimentele resultate. Spesifieke verwysing word gemaak na die vooruitgang in standaardstelling om reaksiestappe te identifiseer en –Xireaksiemeganismes te definieer. Nuwe gevolgtrekkings aangaande die koördinasiemeganisme met betrekking to hierdie stelsels word gemaak vanaf nuwe waarnemings tydens die sintese, karakterisering en voorlopige kinetiese studies. Die aanvanklike koördinasiemeganisme is gepostuleer vir die vier waargenome stappe van sirkonium kilasiereaksies met bidentate ligande wat individueel geïdentifiseer en geanaliseer is. `n Stapsgewyse substitusiemeganisme vir hierdie koördinasie reaksieskema is voorgestel en bespreek, wat interessante resulte gelewer het ten opsigte van die teoretiese aannames vir hierdie tipe reaksie wat lei tot die volle koördinasie van sirkonium, soos bestudeer met gestopde-vloei en stadiger UV/Visspektroskopie. Anders as tradisionele vierkantig-planêre koördinasiereaksies is bewys dat hierdie stelsel onafhanklik is van oplosmiddel invloed, soos ook duidelik is uit die onafhanklikheid van kristallografies gekarakteriseerde strukture wat nie steries beïnvloed word deur oplosmiddel molekule in die formule eenheid nie.
Description
Keywords
Kinetic mechanistic study, Crystallographic characterisation, Synthesis, O-O’-donating ligands, Bidentate ligands, Hafnium, Zirconium, Dissertation (M.Sc. (Chemistry))--University of the Free State, 2009, Zirconium compounds -- Synthesis
Citation