Morphological and genetic characterisation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in Mozambique

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Date
2010-05
Authors
Mussane, Cecilia Ruth Bila
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. Consumption is increasing worldwide due its their nutritional value that is rich in vitamins A and C, potassium, β-carotene, fibre as well as proteins. Mangoes are economically important for Mozambique because of suitable climatic conditions and international market opportunities. This study compared morphological and AFLP characterisation of 30 mango varieties from the Umbeluzi research station, including some commercial varieties: “Keitt”, “Kent”, “Haden”, “Sensation” and “Ruby”. Morphological characterisation using IPGRI descriptors were divided into quantitative (23 characteristics) and qualitative (58 characteristics) data. The total variation was lower using quantitative (89.4% similarity) than qualitative data (60% similarity). The combined quantitative and qualitative dendrogram had 63% similarity and clustered varieties in three subgroups based on high fruit weight, high Brix content and low fruit weight. AFLP characterisation used seven primer combinations, generating 207 data points and detecting 74.9% polymorphism with an average of 30 fragments per primer combination. The total variation was low (72.49% similarity) and the dendrogram showed two main groups subdivided in five subgroups based on low fruit weight, dwarfness and low Brix content, high fruit weight and roundish fruit shape. The combined morphological and AFLP dendrogram was more accurate in clustering varieties based on geographic origin within the country and from outside. The dendrograms presented in the study will help breeders to select parents for crosses. PCA results confirmed the pattern of clustering of varieties based on fruit weight and Brix/acidity ratio. It is recommended to extend the study to include, the entire collection at Umbeluzi and to include morphological data, considering pest and diseases resistance characterisation, as well as genetic and cytological analysis. A study of genotype x environment interactions done over years should be undertaken in future.
Afrikaans: Veselperske (Mangifera indica L.) behoort aan die familie Anacardiaceae. Verbruik het wêreldwyd toegeneem as gevolg van die voedingswaarde; veselperskes is ryk aan Vitamien A en C, kalsium, β-karoteen, vesel en proteïene. Die gewas is vir Mosambiek ekonomies belangrik omdat die land geskikte klimaatstoestande vir die gewas het en daar internasionale markgeleenthede bestaan. Die studie vergelyk morfologiese en AFLP analises van 30 variëteite afkomstig van die Umbeluzi navorsingsstasie. Kommersiële variëteite: “Keitt”, “Kent”, “Haden”, “Sensation” en “Ruby” was ook ingesluit by die studie. Vir die beskrywing van morfologiese eienskappe is IPGRI beskrywers gebruik en die eienskappe is verdeel in kwantitatiewe (23 eienskappe) en kwalitatiewe (58 eienskappe) data. Die totale variasie vir die kwantitatiewe data (89.4%) was meer ooreenstemmend as variasie vir die kwalitatiewe data (60%). Die gekombineerde kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe dendrogram het 63% ooreenstemmendheid gehad en die variëteite groepeer in drie subgroepe gebaseer op hoë vrugmassa, hoë Brix inhoud en lae vrugmassa. AFLP merkers met sewe priemstuk-kombinasies is gebruik om data punte te genereer en 74.9% polymorfismes is bepaal met 'n gemiddeld van 30 fragmente per priemstukkombinasie. Die totale variasie was laag (72.49%) en die dendrogram toon twee hoof groepe wat in vyf subgroepe verdeel is op grond van lae vrugmassa, dwergagtigheid en lae Brix waarde, hoë vrugmassa en ronde vrugvorm. Die gekombineerde morfologiese en AFLP dendrogram was meer akkuraat in groepering van variëteite gebaseer op geografiese oorsprong binne en buite die land. Die dendrogramme in die studie sal telers help om die geskikste ouers vir kruisings te kies. PCA resultate bevestig die groeperings patroon gebaseer op vrugmassa en Brix/suur verhouding. Dit word aanbeveel dat die studie uitgebou word om al die inskrywings in die Umbeluzi versameling te ondersoek en dat morfologiese data vir peste en siekte weerstand as ook sitologie daarby ingesluit word. 'n Studie oor jare om die genotipe x omgewing interaksie te bepaal moet in die toekoms onderneem word.
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Keywords
Dissertation (M.Sc. (Plant Breeding))--University of the Free State, 2010, Anacardiaceae -- Mozambique -- Identification, Mango -- Morphology, Mango -- Genetics, Mango -- Mozambique, AFLP, Brix, IPGRI descriptors, Commercial varieties, PCA, Quantitative data, Titratible acidity
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