Taxonomic review of the genus Histotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971 (Nematoda: Belonolaimidae) in South Africa

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Date
2011-11
Authors
Landman, Henda
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: A diverse and abundant nematode fauna is known to exist in South Africa with plant parasitic nematodes being the most representative. Seven genera belonging to the family Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1960 are known to occur in South Africa, including Histotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971, a small genus only found in Africa and India. Nematodes belonging to the family Belonolaimidae are obligatory, primarily migratory ectoparasites of roots. These nematodes are found in cultivated soils and natural veld and are usually seen as mild plant parasites. Histotylenchus is represented by three species from South Africa, namely Histotylenchus hedys Kleynhans, 1975, Histotylenchus histoides Siddiqi, 1971 and Histotylenchus mohalei Kleynhans, 1992. Diagnostic characters of Histotylenchus include a lip region confluent with body contour or offset, asymmetrical stylet conus with an angular lumen, a large metacorpus valve, genital tracts about equal, lateral fields with four lines usually areolated, spicules tapering distally with distinct vela and gubernaculum proximally recurved with titillae. The aim of this study was to review all existing literature concerning the genus Histotylenchus in Africa, and to examine and describe the species from this genus collected in South Africa, which are deposited in the National Collection of Nematodes, Biosystematics Programme, Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. Results showed that a total of 44% of the fixed material examined was not suitable for this morphological study as a result of the separation of the cuticle from the body. This phenomenon is reported from this genus for the first time. Histotylenchus hedys and Histotylenchus mohalei were re-described from material of the National Collection of Nematodes, while Histotylenchus histoides was re-described from type material of the Rothamsted Nematode Collection housed at the Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), York, United Kingdom; and CABI Bioscience, Egham, United Kingdom. A new species, Histotylenchus niveus sp. n., was described from material collected in the Witsand Nature Reserve, Northern Cape, South Africa. Additionally, two species Histotylenchus sp. 1 and Histotylenchus sp. 2 were described during this study and could possibly be new to science. However, additional material needs to be collected to verify these results. The present study revealed that further research into the genus is necessary, especially since the current information is limited and incomplete.
Afrikaans: Die Suid-Afrikaanse nematood-fauna is uiteenlopend van aard en kom algemeen voor, met plantparasitiese nematode die mees verteenwoordigende groep. Sewe genera, wat aan die familie Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1960 behoort, kom in Suid-Afrika voor. Een van hierdie genera is die klein genus Histotylenchus Siddiqi, 1971 wat slegs in Afrika en Indië aangetref word. Aalwurms wat tot hierdie genus behoort is verpligte, hoofsaaklik migratoriese ektoparasiete van plantwortels, maar word tans nie as gevaarlike plantparasiete beskou nie. Histotylenchus kan in beide bewerkte grond en onversteurde veld voorkom. Die drie spesies van die genus Histotylenchus wat tans in Suid Afrika aangemeld word, is Histotylenchus hedys Kleynhans, 1975, Histotylenchus histoides Siddiqi, 1971 en Histotylenchus mohalei Kleynhans, 1992. Diagnostiese kenmerke van Histotylenchus sluit ondermeer lipvorm wat aaneenlopend met die ligaam of afgesnoer kan wees, ‘n asimmetriese stekelkonus met ‘n hoekige lumen, ‘n groot metakorpusklep, reproduktiewe buise van naastenby dieselfde lengte, laterale velde met vier laterale met aërolasies, spikulas distaal gebuig met velum en gubernakulum proksimaal omgebuig met titilla. Die doel van hierdie studie was om alle bestaande literatuur met betrekking tot die genus te analiseer en om die materiaal van die genus in die Nasionale Versameling van Nematodes, Biosystematiek Program, Navorsingsinstituut vir Plantbeskerming, Landbounavorsingsraad, Pretoria, Suid-Afrika, te ondersoek. Vier-en-veertig persent van hierdie materiaal was ongeskik vir taksonomiese studies, as gevolg van die skeiding van die kutikula vanaf die liggaam. Hierdie verskynsel word vir die eerste keer in hierdie genus aangemeld. Histotylenchus hedys en Histotylenchus mohalei word vanaf materiaal van die Nasionale Versameling van Nematode herbeskryf, terwyl Histotylenchus histoides vanaf van die Rothamsted Nematode Collection gehuisves ter Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera), York, Vereenigde Koninkryk en ook by CABI Bioscience, Egham, Vereenigde Koninkryk herbeskryf word. ‘n Nuwe spesie, Histotylenchus niveus sp. n., versamel vanaf die Witsand Natuurreservaat, Noord-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, word beskryf. Bykomend is twee waarskynlike nuwe spesies, Histotylenchus sp. 1 en Histotylenchus sp. 2 beskryf in hierdie studie, maar addisionele materiaal moet ondersoek word om die resultate te bevestig. Die huidige studie toon dat verdere navorsing op die genus noodsaaklik is, aangesien die inligting tans min en ook onvolledig is.
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Nematodes -- Classification, Stunt nematodes -- South Africa -- Classification, Histotylenchus niveus sp. n., Histotylenchus, Belonolaimidae, Dissertation (M.Sc. (Zoology and Entomology))--University of the Free State, 2011, Ectoparasites, Asymmetrical stylet conus
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