The status of the public protector within the governance framework in South Africa

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Date
2019
Authors
Phera, Molefinyana Solomon
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract in other languages 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘭 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘯𝘴, 𝘚𝘦𝘚𝘰𝘵𝘩𝘰 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘐𝘴𝘪𝘡𝘶𝘭𝘶
Abstract
𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉 The Public Protector (PP) is a genus of the Ombudsman and its status within governance has been a controversial subject in the national discourse in South Africa. This institution was created in terms of Section 181 of the Constitution as part of the coterie of institutions mandated to protect and strengthen constitutional democracy. These institutions are colloquially called the Chapter 9 institutions. They have been described as not forming part of government, although they are an integral part of the governance system in South Africa. It has become necessary to study the status of one of these institutions, namely the PP, within the governance framework in South Africa. The governance framework consists of the institutions that form the trias politica, the co-operative government and the organs of state, as defined in Section 239 of the Constitution. This research has indicated that the PP, like all other Chapter 9 institutions, exists outside the trias politica and co-operative government framework, but it is an organ of state as defined in Section 239. As a result of this complex status of the PP within the governance framework, the researcher has defined its place as being part of co- operative governance, although it is not part of co-operative government, as defined in Chapter 3 of the Constitution. This characterisation of the status of the PP means that it is not part of the intergovernmental framework and it is not restricted by the legal and structural strictures of this framework, but it is required to co-operate with other organs of state to achieve its objectives of protecting and strengthening constitutional democracy and promoting good governance. This study has been a normative exercise, which places the PP within the trilogy of normative frameworks: the governance and Ombudsman theoretical frameworks; good governance as a normative function; and the normative values that inform the ethics of the PP as a genus of the Ombudsman. The study’s findings and recommendations seek to further elucidate and embed the status of the PP within the governance framework in South Africa. Therefore, it makes an original contribution to the interdisciplinary science of Governance and Political Transformation. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Die Openbare Beskermer (OB) is 'n genus van die Ombudsman en die OB se status in regeringsbestuur is 'n kontroversiële onderwerp in die nasionale diskoers in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie instelling is ingevolge Artikel 181 van die Grondwet geskep as deel van die samestelling van instellings wat opdrag gegee is om grondwetlike demokrasie te beskerm en te versterk. Hierdie instellings word in die volksmond die Hoofstuk 9-instellings genoem. Hulle word nie beskryf as deel van die regering nie, hoewel hulle 'n integrale deel van die regeringstelsel in Suid-Afrika is. Dit het nodig geword om die status van een van hierdie instellings, naamlik die OB, binne die bestuursraamwerk in Suid-Afrika te bestudeer. Die bestuursraamwerk bestaan uit die instellings wat die trias politica, die samewerkende regering en die staatsorgane vorm, soos omskryf in Artikel 239 van die Grondwet. Hierdie navorsing het aangedui dat die OB, soos alle ander hoofstuk 9-instellings, buite die trias politica en samewerkende regeringsraamwerk bestaan, maar dit is 'n staatsorgaan soos omskryf in Artikel 239. As gevolg van hierdie komplekse status van die OB binne die bestuursraamwerk het die navorser sy plek gedefinieer as deel van samewerkende regering, alhoewel dit nie deel is van samewerkende regering nie, soos omskryf in Hoofstuk 3 van die Grondwet. Hierdie karakterisering van die status van die OB beteken dat dit nie deel is van die interregeringsraamwerk nie en dit word nie beperk deur die wetlike en strukturele beperkings van hierdie raamwerk nie, maar daar word vereis dat dit met ander staatsorgane moet saamwerk om die doelwitte te bereik om grondwetlike demokrasie te beskerm en te versterk en goeie regering te bevorder. Hierdie studie was 'n normatiewe oefening wat die OB binne die trilogie van normatiewe raamwerke plaas: die bestuur en Ombudsman teoretiese raamwerke; goeie regeringsbestuur as 'n normatiewe funksie; en die normatiewe waardes wat die etiek van die OB as 'n genus van die Ombudsman inlig. Die studie se bevindinge en aanbevelings poog om die status van die OB binne die bestuursraamwerk in Suid-Afrika verder toe te lig en vas te lê. Daarom lewer dit 'n oorspronklike bydrae tot die interdissiplinêre wetenskap van Regeringsbestuur en Politieke Transformasie. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Mosireletsi wa setjhaba ke mohlalefi wa Monamoledi mme le boemo ba hae ka hara puso le Mosebetsi wa hae ke o hlokolosi ka hara puso ya setjhaba Afrika Borwa. Lefapha lena le thehilwe ho ikamahantswe le molao wa motheo karolong ya 181 ya karolwana ya molao wa motheo o reretsweng ho sireletsa le ho baballa matla a molao wa metheo ya puso ya setjhaba ka setjhaba. Ditsi tsena di bitswa tsa Kgaolo ya 9. Di hlahiswa di sa etse karolo ya puso, leha e le hore ke karolo ya bohlokwa ya puso naheng ya Afrika Borwa. Ho bile bohlokwa sebakeng sa diphuputso tsena ho ithuta boemo ba setsi sena, e leng sa mosereletsi wa setjhaba ka hara puso ya Afrika Borwa. Puso e na le makala a etsang boraro ba polotiki, kopanelo ya puso le makala a naha a hlaloswang ke kgaolo ya 239 ya molao wa motheo wa naha. Diphuputso tsena di bontshitse hore mosireletsi wa setjhaba, ka ho tshwana le dikgaolo tse ding tsa 9 tsa ditsi tsohle, le tsa kopanelo ya puso, ke karolo ya naha jwalo kaha e hlaloswa ke kgaolo ya 239. Ka lebaka la ho se hlake ha boemo ba mosireletsi wa setjhaba ka hara puso, leha e le hore ha se karolo ya kopanelo ya mmuso, ho ya ka tlhaloso ya kgaolo ya 3, ya molaotheo. Sebopeho sa boemo ba mosireletsi wa setjhaba, se bolela hore ha se karolo ya puso le hore ha a tshwarwe matsoho ke molao le meolwane e behilweng ya molao, empa o a hlokeha ka hara kopanelo le mafapha a mang a naha ho fihlela dipheo tsa yona tsa ho sireletsa le ho ntlafatsa molao wa motheo wa puso ya setjhaba ka setjhaba le ho beha maemong a sehlohlolong a mekgwa e metle ya puso. Diphuputso tsena ke mohato wa tataiso, o tla beha mosireletsi wa setjhaba leseding la moo a lokelang ka hara maoto a mararo a tsamaiso eleng puso le Monamoledi; ho sebetsa ha puso e ntle ya boleng e tataiswang ke mekgwa e amohelehang ya Mosireletsi wa Setjhaba e bile e le mohlalefi wa Monamoledi. Ditshibollo tsa diphuputso tsena le dikgothaletso tsa tsona di batla ho hlakisa le ho lokisa boemo ba Mosireletsi wa Setjhaba ka hara puso ya Afrika Borwa. Ka hona, boithuto bona bo etsa tlatsetso e esong ho etswe ho mafapha a tsa mahlale a puso ya bopolotiki bo fetohileng. ___________________________________________________________________
𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 UMvikeli Womphakathi (Public Protector) uwuhlobo lomphenyi futhi isikhundla sakhe phakathi kwezokubusa sibe yindatshana enokuphikisana enkulumweni kazwelonke eNingizimu Afrikha. Lesi sikhungo sakhiwe ngokweSigaba se-181 soMthethosisekelo njengengxenye yezikhungo ezigunyazwe ukuvikela nokuqinisa intando yeningi. Lezi zikhungo zibizwa ngezikhungo zeSahluko sesi-9. Bachazwe njengabangeyona ingxenye kahulumeni, nakuba beyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokubusa eNingizimu Afrikha. Sekunesidingo sokuthi kufundwe ngesikhundla sesinye salezi zikhungo, ukubalula nje isikhundla soMvikeli Womphakathi, ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubusa eNingizimu Afrikha. Uhlaka lokubusa luqukethe izikhungo ezakha amandla amathathu azimele esizwe (phecelezi i-trias politica), uhulumeni onokubambisana nezinhlaka zombuso, njengoba kuchazwe eSigabeni sama-239 soMthethosisekelo. Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi uMvikeli Womphakathi, njengazo zonke ezinye izikhungo zeSahluko 9, isebenza ngaphandle kwamandla amathathu azimele esizwe kanye nohlaka lukahulumeni onokubambisana, kodwa uwuhlaka lukahulumeni njengoba luchazwe eSigabeni sama-239. Ngenxa yalesi sikhundla esididayo soMvikeli Womphakathi ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubusa, umcwaningi uchaze indawo yakhe njengengxenye yokubusa ngokubambisana, yize noma engeyona ingxenye kahulumeni onokubambisana, njengoba kuchazwe eSahlukweni sesi-3 soMthethosisekelo. Lokhu kuchazwa kwesikhundla soMvikeli Womphakathi kusho ukuthi asiyona ingxenye yohlaka oluphakathi kuhulumeni futhi asivinjelwe yimithetho nesakhiwo salolu hlaka, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi sisebenzisane nezinye izinhlaka zombuso ukuze kufezwe izinjongo zaso zokuvikela kanye nokuqinisa intando yeningi kanye nokukhuthaza ukubusa okuhle. Lolu cwaningo kube umsebenzi wokuhlola, obeka uMvikeli Womphakathi ngaphakathi kwezinhlaka ezintathu zokuhlola: ukubusa kanye nezinhlaka zenjululwazi zomphenyi; ukubusa okuhle njengomsebenzi wokuhlola; kanye nemigomo yokuhlola echaza izimiso zokuziphatha zoMvikeli Womphakathi njengohlobo lomphenyi. Okutholwe yilolu cwaningo kanye nezincomo zifuna ukuqhubeka nokucacisa nokugxilisa isikhundla soMvikeli Womphakathi ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubusa eNingizimu Afrikha. Ngakho-ke ifaka igalelo emkhakheni wesayensi ezinhlakeni ezahlukene Zokubusa Nokuguqulwa kwezombusazwe. ___________________________________________________________________
Description
Thesis (Ph.D.(Governance and Political Transformation))--University of the Free State, 2019
Keywords
Public Protector (PP), South Africa, Governance
Citation