JCH 2011 Volume 36 Issue 2
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Browsing JCH 2011 Volume 36 Issue 2 by Subject "Concentration camps"
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Item Open Access Die dagboek van 'n Boeremeisie in diens van die vyand – siekte en sorg in die Bethulie-kamp(Faculty of Humanities, University of the Free State, 2011) Pretorius, Engela; Krige, DaleenThe many published diaries kept by women in the concentration camps constitute an extraordinary aspect of the Anglo-Boer War. Undoubtedly, some diaries have only survived within families – like the one kept by Susara Johanna (Sarie) Roos. Armed conflict can be considered to be the antithesis of public health and, as such, it constitutes a health issue. Central to every war one finds the health care staff, and specifically the nurse, who has to deal with the physical, emotional and social consequences of the conflict. Sarie Roos, a young Boer woman, was employed by the British as a nurse in the Bethulie camp. In the main, her narrative deals with this role. This article aims to describe and analyse her experiences in this camp – one of the most devastating of its kind. During the course of her narrative, documented history comes to light, which serves to verify the reliability and authenticity of her diary. It does, however, also provide a somewhat different view of the events – from the perspective of a Boer woman employed by the enemy to serve her own people.Item Open Access Die dagboek van'n Boeremeisie in diens van die vyand-siekte en sorg in die Bethulie-kamp(Faculty of the Humanities, University of the Free State, 2011-09) Pretorius, Engela; Krige, DaleenThe many published diaries kept by women in the concentration camps constitute an extraordinary aspect of the Anglo-Boer War. Undoubtedly, some diaries have only survived within families – like the one kept by Susara Johanna (Sarie) Roos. Armed conflict can be considered to be the antithesis of public health and, as such, it constitutes a health issue. Central to every war one finds the health care staff, and specifically the nurse, who has to deal with the physical, emotional and social consequences of the conflict. Sarie Roos, a young Boer woman, was employed by the British as a nurse in the Bethulie camp. In the main, her narrative deals with this role. This article aims to describe and analyse her experiences in this camp – one of the most devastating of its kind. During the course of her narrative, documented history comes to light, which serves to verify the reliability and authenticity of her diary. It does, however, also provide a somewhat different view of the events – from the perspective of a Boer woman employed by the enemy to serve her own people.Item Open Access Konsentrasiekampe vir swart vlugtelinge in die Heidelbergdistrik gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog(Faculty of the Humanities, University of the Free State, 2011) Pretorius, Willem; Pretorius, FransjohanIn the 1970s the phenomenon of black concentration camps in the Anglo-Boer War began receiving attention by historians. Despite the limited information available about the four black concentration camps in the Heidelberg district it is possible to form a picture of the experiences of the camp inhabitants, albeit with the assistance from official British documents – sources “from above”. Initially, the British authorities paid little attention to the black concentration camps. After the Native Refugee Department had taken over the control of the black concentration camps in June 1901, conditions improved. The establishment of black concentration camps was based on two principles, namely to ensure that sufficient labour was made available to the British army and to prevent black people from giving logistic or intelligence support to the Boer commandos. In the process the camps had to be self-sufficient. Large numbers of black men found employment in the army. On some of the deserted Boer farms blacks were agriculturally active, producing sufficient staple food for their own use. The poor health services in the black concentration camp at Heidelberg, where a high death rate occurred, improved to such an extent after June 1901 that there was a decrease in the number of deaths, making the death rate lower than that of the white concentration camp in the town.