Research Articles (Private Law)
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Browsing Research Articles (Private Law) by Author "Faber, J. T."
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Item Open Access Die behoefte aan โn wyer artikel 2(3) van die Wet op Testamente 7 van 1953 (soos gewysig): โn Kritiese beskouing(University of the Free State, 2004) Faber, J. T.; Rabie, P. J.Die Hoogste Hof van Appรฉl se uitspraak in ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ท ๐๐ข๐ถ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐ฆ๐ฏ ๐๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ 2003(5) SA 173 (HHA) het die posisie aangaande die toepassing van artikel 2(3)van die ๐๐ฆ๐ต ๐ฐ๐ฑ ๐๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต๐ฆ 7 van 1953 (soos gewysig)ยน duidelik uiteengesit enalle onsekerheid uit die weg geruim. Voor hierdie uitspraak het die interpretasie van artikel 2(3) totregsonsekerheid gelei.Die howe het twee benaderings โontwikkelโ, naamlikdie โengโ en โliberaleโ (โsoepelโ) benaderings.ยฒ In die ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ณ-๐ด๐ข๐ข๐ฌ het appรฉlregterOlivier beslis dat slegs die kondonasie van testamente wat persoonlik deurdie oorledeneยณ opgestel, geskryf, getik, tot stand gebring of verly is, toegelaatsal word. Alhoewel daar saamgestem word met regter Oliver se interpretasievan artikel 2(3) sal daar in hierdie skrywe gepoog word om die deur vir โnโwyerโ of โliberaleโ artikel 2(3) oop te maak.Item Open Access Disposing of property upon death: contemplating the act of gestation performed with animus testandi versus a contractual disposition in terms of a valid ๐ฑ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ถ๐ค๐ค๐ฆ๐ด๐ฐ๐ณ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ(University of the Free State, 2022) Faber, J. T.While the fate of assets upon death is generally decided under the law of succession, it does not have to be. In addition to a valid will (testate succession), succession could also be governed by contract, in terms of a valid ๐ฑ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ถ๐ค๐ค๐ฆ๐ด๐ด๐ฐ๐ณ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ (currently either a ๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ต๐ช๐ฐ ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ต๐ช๐ด ๐ค๐ข๐ถ๐ด๐ข or an antenuptial contract containing succession clauses). (Intestate succession, although a third option, is put aside for present purposes.) Both testate and contractual succession require an expression of intention in the form of a legally recognised act. The dispositive act in these two instances shares certain features. In both, the act involves a disposition of property intended to apply upon death and is obligationary. The vesting of rights in both can also only occur upon death, while assets are transferred by the appointed executor who administers the estate. Yet the essence of the dispositive act renders these two forms of succession fundamentally different. Contractual succession, with an agreement as the dispositive act, operates under the law of contract. Since the disposition is contractual, it needs to comply with the requirements for a valid contract, with ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ต๐ณ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช as the defining form of intention. Testate succession is governed by the law of succession, with ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช being the required intention. ๐๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช turns the dispositive act into an act of testation, which, in turn, renders the document in which it is embodied a will. Although this distinction seems straightforward enough, South African law is yet to reflect it. This shortcoming results in legal uncertainty, which creates new challenges in light of the courtโs power of condonation. This article focuses on the different dispositive acts to shed light on the intention associated with each and, specifically, to clearly distinguish between ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ต๐ณ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช and ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช in a contractual disposition, and ๐ข๐ฏ๐ช๐ฎ๐ถ๐ด ๐ต๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ๐ช. Ultimately, a clear distinction between the intentions will enable a better understanding of the applicable act of disposition. Admittedly, the intention will probably remain central in the event of uncertainty, and the surrounding circumstances will still be decisive in determining it. However, it is suggested that an added focus on the act โ assessing it in terms of its essence and associated form of intention โ will make for a considerably easier investigation than a sole focus on intention.