Analysis of auto-purification response of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa, to treated wastewater effluent

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dc.contributor.authorOmole, David O.
dc.contributor.authorBadejo, Adekunle A.
dc.contributor.authorNdambuki, Julius M.
dc.contributor.authorMusa, Adebola G.
dc.contributor.authorKupolati, Williams K.
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-24T11:08:02Z
dc.date.available2017-03-24T11:08:02Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractThe assimilative capacity of water bodies is an important factor in the integrated management of surface water resources. The current study examined the auto-recovery processes of the Apies River from wastewater discharged into it from a municipal wastewater treatment facility, using a series of equations, including the modified Streeter-Phelps equation. Field data obtained include dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, stream velocity, depth, and width. Water samples were also obtained at 10 sampling stations for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) using standard methods. It was observed that the DO and BOD level (5.59 mg/L and 8.5 mg/L respectively) of the effluent from the wastewater treatment facility indicated better water quality than the Apies River background DO level (5.42 mg/L) and BOD level (13 mg/L). Also, at 270 m downstream of the effluent discharge point, another effluent stream (Skinnerspruit) adversely impacted on the Apies River with DO and BOD levels of 6.5 mg/L and 9.0 mg/L, respectively, compared to the Apies River background values of 6.81 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L, respectively. The stream, however, recovered well from both the background and imposed pollution sources as it had a computed positive auto-recovery factor of 1.74. Furthermore, the measured DO deficit was plotted against predicted DO deficit. The plot revealed a close match between the measured and predicted DO deficit, indicating that the model could be used for predicting DO deficit along other segments of the river. To further improve on the natural auto-recovery processes of the Apies River, it was recommended that flow along the Skinnerspruit should be enhanced by clearing the observed aquatic plants growing within the channel. Also, suspected pollution activities taking place further upstream on the Apies River should be investigated and appropriately addressed.en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationOmole, D. O., Badejo, A. A., Ndambuki, J. M., Musa, A. G., & Kupolati, W. K. (2016). Analysis of auto-purification response of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa, to treated wastewater effluent. Water SA, 42(2), 225-231.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0378-4738 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1816-7950 (online)
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v42i2.06
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11660/5999
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherWater Research Commissionen_ZA
dc.rights.holderWater Research Commissionen_ZA
dc.subjectDe-oxygenationen_ZA
dc.subjectRe-aerationen_ZA
dc.subjectAuto-purificationen_ZA
dc.subjectDissolved oxygenen_ZA
dc.subjectBiochemical oxygen demanden_ZA
dc.subjectStreamen_ZA
dc.titleAnalysis of auto-purification response of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa, to treated wastewater effluenten_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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