Mitochondrial sequences reveal a clear separation between Angolan and South African giraffe along a cryptic rift valley

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dc.contributor.authorBock, Friederike
dc.contributor.authorFennessy, Julian
dc.contributor.authorBidon, Tobias
dc.contributor.authorTutchings, Andy
dc.contributor.authorMarais, Andri
dc.contributor.authorDeacon, Francois
dc.contributor.authorJanke, Axel
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-08T13:27:06Z
dc.date.available2018-06-08T13:27:06Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractBackground: The current taxonomy of the African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is primarily based on pelage pattern and geographic distribution, and nine subspecies are currently recognized. Although genetic studies have been conducted, their resolution is low, mainly due to limited sampling. Detailed knowledge about the genetic variation and phylogeography of the South African giraffe (G. c. giraffa) and the Angolan giraffe (G. c. angolensis) is lacking. We investigate genetic variation among giraffe matrilines by increased sampling, with a focus on giraffe key areas in southern Africa. Results: The 1,562 nucleotides long mitochondrial DNA dataset (cytochrome b and partial control region) comprises 138 parsimony informative sites among 161 giraffe individuals from eight populations. We additionally included two okapis as an outgroup. The analyses of the maternally inherited sequences reveal a deep divergence between northern and southern giraffe populations in Africa, and a general pattern of distinct matrilineal clades corresponding to their geographic distribution. Divergence time estimates among giraffe populations place the deepest splits at several hundred thousand years ago. Conclusions: Our increased sampling in southern Africa suggests that the distribution ranges of the Angolan and South African giraffe need to be redefined. Knowledge about the phylogeography and genetic variation of these two maternal lineages is crucial for the development of appropriate management strategies.en_ZA
dc.description.versionPublisher's versionen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationBock, F., Fennessy, J., Bidon, T., Tutching, A., Marais, A., Deacon, F., & Janke, A. (2014). Mitochondrial sequences reveal a clear separation between Angolan and South African giraffe along a cryptic rift valley. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, 219. doi:10.1017/S0030605317001612en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317001612
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11660/8393
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_ZA
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution License 4.0
dc.rights.holderAuthor(s) retain copyrighten_ZA
dc.subjectGiraffaen_ZA
dc.subjectAngolan giraffeen_ZA
dc.subjectSouth African giraffeen_ZA
dc.subjectPopulation geneticsen_ZA
dc.subjectBotswanaen_ZA
dc.subjectNamibiaen_ZA
dc.subjectPhylogenyen_ZA
dc.subjectmtDNAen_ZA
dc.titleMitochondrial sequences reveal a clear separation between Angolan and South African giraffe along a cryptic rift valleyen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA
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