Lord Kitchener en die Anglo-Boereoorlog (1899-1902): 'n evaluering van sy opperbevelhebberskap

Abstract

The purpose of this study (which is primarily based on archival sources) is to provide a critical reappraisal of the work done by Lord Kitchener as commander-in-chief of the British forces during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). From the study it is clear that Kitchener was a remarkable, albeit complicated and controversial military officer who left an enduring legacy in South Africa, as is the case in Sudan and to some extent in India. When he took over from Lord Roberts as supreme commander in South Africa at the end of November 1900, the war against the Boers was supposed to have been almost over, but in practice the conflict soon escalated both geographically and in intensity. Kitchener had no other option but to expand the scorched earth policy (which was started by Roberts), with very negative consequences for both the white and black civilians in the war zone. Eventually Kitchener was ruthlessly successful; and during the peace negotiations with Boer delegates at Pretoria, he proved to be an excellent negotiator and diplomat.