Change to the age of majority: general impact and some consequences for the interpretation of wills

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Date
2009
Authors
Faber, James Thomas
Janse van Vuren, Louis Theunis
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University of the Free State
Abstract
On 1 July 2008, the age at which a person attains majority was lowered from 21 years to 18 years. Section 17 of the ๐˜Š๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏโ€™๐˜ด ๐˜ˆ๐˜ค๐˜ต stipulates that: โ€œA child, whether male or female, becomes a major upon reaching the age of 18 years.โ€ This change is consistent with the Constitution,ยน which defines a child as a person under the age of 18 years.ยฒ The department of social development motivated this change as follows: ๐˜‰๐˜ฆ๐˜ต๐˜ธ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ 18 ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ 21 ๐˜บ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถโ€™๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ข ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ต. ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜Š๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏโ€™๐˜ด ๐˜ˆ๐˜ค๐˜ต ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง 2005 ๐˜ค๐˜ญ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜จ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜บ ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ด [๐˜ช๐˜ต] ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ 28(3) ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ. ๐˜•๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜บ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ 18, ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ด ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฃ๐˜บ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ๐˜ต, ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ข ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜บ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ 18 ๐˜ช๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ข๐˜ฅ๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ต.ยณ The obvious consequence of this change is that 18-year-olds will now be able to enter into contracts, get married, vote and/or even emigrate without their parentsโ€™ permission. However, this change is not without shortcomings. Young adolescents between 18 and 21 years of age are thereby deprived of the protection afforded to them by law,โ€โด while there are still limitations based on age excluding them from certain juristic acts.โต This change also created discrepancies in the South African legal system regarding age as a factor influencing a personโ€™s status. In terms of a โ€œspecial trustโ€, an 18-year-old is afforded protection because of his age, but in terms of a โ€œbewind trustโ€, that same 18-year-old has the capacity to terminate the โ€œprotectionโ€ created for him, on the basis of his newly acquired majority status.โถ Such contradictions affect legislation and cause legal uncertainty. Some of the consequences relevant to the law of succession and the administration of estates will be discussed in this article.
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Faber, J. T., & Janse van Vuren, L. T. (2009). Change to the age of majority: general impact and some consequences for the interpretation of wills. Journal for Juridical Science, 34(2), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.38140/jjs.v34i2.2997