The ethics of reporting on HIV/AIDS in three major South African newspapers
Abstract
English: In the study, the researcher explores the issue of ethics of reporting on HIV/Aids in
three major South African newspapers, namely Mail & Guardian, The Star and Daily
Sun. The researcher argues that deontological and social responsibility ethical
approaches are the necessary foundation upon which ethical decisions ought to be
based, regarding the coverage of the pandemic in the media.
The researcher establishes that journalists have to be bound by duty, which is a key
concept within the ethical paradigms which are being proposed. The position that the
researcher maintains is premised on the fact that journalists have a responsibility to
society, especially because HIV/Aids is killing millions of Africans. And since there is
no known cure for the disease, the media have a powerful role to play in ensuring that
issues relating to the disease are reported consistently and regularly, since the media
have an enormous influence (Retief 2002: 5).
Using quantitative and qualitative content analysis as a research design, the
researcher examined specifically four main ethical violations levelled against the
media. It was found that in the newspapers studied, they had, on average, one story
per issue; there is a gross dearth of stories which weré humanised; the language of
reporting, especially the use of some metaphors, had negative connotations, some
positive, and one was political. Regarding sensationalist headlines and text, very few
examples were found.
One of the major recommendations is that stories on HIV/Aids ought to be humanised,
and the narrative genre of news writing offers a solution. Afrikaans: In hierdie studie ondersoek die navorser die kwessie van die etiek rakende
verslaggewing oor MIV/Vigs in drie groot Suid-Afrikaanse koerante, naamlik Mail &
Guardian, The Star en Daily Sun. Die navorser argumenteer dat die etiese
benaderings van die deontologie en sosiale verantwoordelikheid die noodsaaklike
grondslag bied waarop etiese besluite rakende die nuusdekking van die pandemie in
die media gebaseer moet word.
Die navorser stel dit dat joernaliste 'n verpligting het, wat 'n sleutelkonsep is binne die
etiese paradigma wat voorgestel word. Die posisie wat die navorser inneem, berus op
die feit dat joernaliste 'n verantwoordelikheid teenoor die samelewing het, veral
aangesien MIV/Vigs reeds tot die dood van miljoene mense in Afrika gelei het en
aangesien daar geen kuur vir die siekte is nie. Die media vervul 'n kragtige rol om toe
te sien dat daar voortdurend en konsekwent berig word oor kwessies wat met die
siekte verband hou aangesien die media 'n enorme invloed het (Retief 2002: 5).
Deur middel van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise het die navorser
ondersoek ingestel na die vier belangrikste etiese oortredings wat voor die deur van
die media gelê word. In die koerante wat bestudeer is, was daar gemiddeld een berig
per uitgawe; daar is 'n oormaat stories wat verpersoonlik is; die taal van die
beriggewing, veral die gebruik van sommige metafore, het negatiewe konnotasies,
sommige positief, en een was polities van aard. Min voorbeelde van hoofopskrifte en
teks is gevind waar sensasie 'n rol gespeel het.
Een van die belangrikste aanbevelings is dat stories oor MIV/Vigs 'n menslike gesig
gegee moet word, en dat die narratiewe genre van nuus 'n oplossing bied.
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