Die studenteverpleegkundige se belewenis van die operasiesaal

Abstract

English: The general shortage of professional nurses in South-Africa contributed directly to the nursing staff shortages in the peri-operative settings. During 2005, operating room nursing was classified as one of the scarce skills. The intake of newly qualified nurses in the operating room is minimal each year and the reason could be due to the many and complex requirements that are expected of the student nurse in the operating room setting. It is thus important to understand their experiences of the operating room before an attempt can be made to change their clinical experiences. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate and describe the experiences of student nurses during their placement and to make recommendations with regard to the findings. Recommendations are made to change the student nurse's experiences of the operating room, with the purpose of acquiring professional nurses for the operating room. The researcher used a qualitative, descriptive, explorative en contextual research design. Data was acquired by way of individual and focus group interviews and all third year nursing students of a Tertiary educational institution that worked in the operating room complex during the time of the research and complied with the inclusion criteria, was motivated to take part of the study. A total of 11 individual and three focus group interviews were held. The interviews were recorded on audio tape and transcribed verbatim. Tesch's method of data analysis was used and the coding of the data was verified by a co-coder. Certain conclusions have been made with the findings of the study and it seems that there are certain factors that have an influence on the student nurse's experience of the operating room. These factors include: - A positive as well as negative experience of the operating room. - Problems with regard to communication e.g. the use of language. - Gaps in clinical training, with regard to insufficient orientation. - Problems with adaptation with regard to a new and strange environment. - Insufficient supervision. A number of recommendations are made with regard to the abovementioned issues. Strategies to create a motivated working climate. A briefing and debriefing session with regard to the student nurses clinical tasks in the operating room. A mentorship system and changes with regard to the orientation of student nurses that start working in the operating room, are part of the recommendations. Student nurses should reach certain clinical outcomes after his/her period of placement in the operating room. Clinical skills could be exercised in a simulation laboratory. When student nurses are working in the surgical ward, an opportunity must be created where they can accompany the patient through the peri-operative phase. Continuous clinical accompaniment by the lecturers of the Tertiary educational institution should take place in order to check on the studentnurses progress and receive feedback of their adaptation. Application of the language policy and principles of supervision of studentnurses in the operating room. Follow-up research projects would be of great value.

Afrikaans: Die algemene tekort aan professionele verpleegkundiges in Suid-Afrika, het ‘n direkte bydrae tot die verpleegpersoneeltekorte in die peri-operatiewe omgewing gelewer. Gedurende 2005 is operasiesaalverpleegkunde as een van die skaars vaardighede geklassifiseer. Die inname van pasgekwalifiseerde verpleegkundiges in die operasiesaal is jaarliks minimaal en dit kan wees as gevolg van die veelvuldige en gekompliseerde vereistes wat daar aan die studentverpleegkundige in hierdie omgewing gestel word. Dit is daarom noodsaaklik om hul belewenis te verstaan, voordat ‘n poging aangewend kan word om hul kliniese ervaring van die operasiesaal te verbeter. Die doel van die fenomenologiese studie was om die belewenis van die studentverpleegkundiges tydens hul plasing in die operasiesaal te ondersoek en te beskryf en om op grond van bogenoemde bevindinge aanbevelings te maak. Aanbevelings is gemaak ten einde die studentverpleegkundiges se belewenis in die operasiesaal te verbeter met die doel om professionele verpleegkundiges vir die operasiesaal te werf. Die navorser het van ‘n kwalitatiewe, beskrywende, verkennende en kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp gebruik gemaak. Data is deur middel van individuele en fokusgroeponderhoude ingesamel en alle derdejaar studentverpleegkundiges van 'n Tersiêre onderwysinstansie wat tydens die verloop van die navorsing in die operasiesaal gewerk het, en aan die insluitingskriteria voldoen het, is gemotiveer om aan die studie deel te neem. ‘n Totaal van 11 individuele en drie fokusgroeponderhoude is gedoen. Die onderhoude is op oudioband opgeneem en verbatim getranskribeer. Tesch se metode van data-analise is gebruik en die kodering van die data is deur ‘n mede-kodeerder gekontroleer. Met die bevindinge van die studie is sekere afleidings gemaak en dit het daarop gedui dat daar wel faktore is wat die studentverpleegkundige se belewenis in die operasiesaal beïnvloed. Hierdie faktore sluit in: - 'n Positiewe sowel as 'n negatiewe belewenis van die operasiesaal. - Probleme ten opsigte van kommunikasie, byvoorbeeld taalgebruik. - Gapings in kliniese opleiding onder andere ten opsigte van onvoldoende oriëntasie. - Aanpassingsprobleme ten opsigte van 'n nuwe en vreemde omgewing. - Onvoldoende toesighouding. 'n Verskeidenheid aanbevelings is met betrekking tot die bogemelde kwessies gemaak. Strategieë om 'n gemotiveerde werksklimaat te skep. 'n "Briefing" en "debriefing" sessie t.o.v. die studentverpleegkundige se kliniese opdragte in die operasiesaal. 'n Mentorskapsisteem en verbetering van die oriëntasie van studentverpleegkundiges wat in die operasiesaal begin werk, maak deel van die aanbevelings uit. Studentverpleegkundiges behoort sekere kliniese uitkomste te bereik na sy/haar tydperk van plasing in die operasiesaal. Studentverpleegkundiges moet nie in spesialisoperasiesale, waar die vereistes wat aan die studentverpleegkundige gestel word, te hoog is, geplaas word nie. Die inoefening van kliniese vaardighede in 'n simulasielaboratorium word ook aanbeveel. Wanneer studentverpleegkundiges in chirurgiese sale werksaam is, moet 'n geleentheid geskep word waar hulle pasiënte deur die hele peri-operatiewe fase kan begelei. Deurlopende kliniese begeleiding deur dosente van die Tersiêre onderwysinstansie behoort plaas te vind ten einde vordering van studentverpleegkundiges te monitor en terugvoer van hul aanpassing te ontvang. Toepassing van die taalbeleid en beginsels van toesighouding ten opsigte van studentverpleegkundiges in die operasiesaal. Opvolg navorsingsprojekte sal van groot waarde wees.