Die studenteverpleegkundige se belewenis van die operasiesaal
Abstract
English: The general shortage of professional nurses in South-Africa contributed
directly to the nursing staff shortages in the peri-operative settings. During
2005, operating room nursing was classified as one of the scarce skills.
The intake of newly qualified nurses in the operating room is minimal each
year and the reason could be due to the many and complex requirements
that are expected of the student nurse in the operating room setting. It is thus
important to understand their experiences of the operating room before an
attempt can be made to change their clinical experiences.
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate and describe
the experiences of student nurses during their placement and to make
recommendations with regard to the findings. Recommendations are made
to change the student nurse's experiences of the operating room, with the
purpose of acquiring professional nurses for the operating room.
The researcher used a qualitative, descriptive, explorative en contextual
research design. Data was acquired by way of individual and focus group
interviews and all third year nursing students of a Tertiary educational
institution that worked in the operating room complex during the time of the
research and complied with the inclusion criteria, was motivated to take part
of the study. A total of 11 individual and three focus group interviews were
held. The interviews were recorded on audio tape and transcribed verbatim.
Tesch's method of data analysis was used and the coding of the data was
verified by a co-coder.
Certain conclusions have been made with the findings of the study and it
seems that there are certain factors that have an influence on the student
nurse's experience of the operating room. These factors include:
- A positive as well as negative experience of the operating room.
- Problems with regard to communication e.g. the use of language.
- Gaps in clinical training, with regard to insufficient orientation.
- Problems with adaptation with regard to a new and strange environment.
- Insufficient supervision.
A number of recommendations are made with regard to the abovementioned
issues. Strategies to create a motivated working climate. A briefing and
debriefing session with regard to the student nurses clinical tasks in the
operating room. A mentorship system and changes with regard to the
orientation of student nurses that start working in the operating room, are
part of the recommendations. Student nurses should reach certain clinical
outcomes after his/her period of placement in the operating room. Clinical
skills could be exercised in a simulation laboratory. When student nurses are
working in the surgical ward, an opportunity must be created where they can
accompany the patient through the peri-operative phase. Continuous clinical
accompaniment by the lecturers of the Tertiary educational institution should
take place in order to check on the studentnurses progress and receive
feedback of their adaptation. Application of the language policy and
principles of supervision of studentnurses in the operating room. Follow-up
research projects would be of great value. Afrikaans: Die algemene tekort aan professionele verpleegkundiges in Suid-Afrika, het
‘n direkte bydrae tot die verpleegpersoneeltekorte in die peri-operatiewe
omgewing gelewer. Gedurende 2005 is operasiesaalverpleegkunde as een
van die skaars vaardighede geklassifiseer.
Die inname van pasgekwalifiseerde verpleegkundiges in die operasiesaal is
jaarliks minimaal en dit kan wees as gevolg van die veelvuldige en
gekompliseerde vereistes wat daar aan die studentverpleegkundige in
hierdie omgewing gestel word. Dit is daarom noodsaaklik om hul belewenis
te verstaan, voordat ‘n poging aangewend kan word om hul kliniese ervaring
van die operasiesaal te verbeter.
Die doel van die fenomenologiese studie was om die belewenis van die
studentverpleegkundiges tydens hul plasing in die operasiesaal te ondersoek
en te beskryf en om op grond van bogenoemde bevindinge aanbevelings te
maak. Aanbevelings is gemaak ten einde die studentverpleegkundiges se
belewenis in die operasiesaal te verbeter met die doel om professionele
verpleegkundiges vir die operasiesaal te werf.
Die navorser het van ‘n kwalitatiewe, beskrywende, verkennende en
kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp gebruik gemaak. Data is deur middel van
individuele en fokusgroeponderhoude ingesamel en alle derdejaar
studentverpleegkundiges van 'n Tersiêre onderwysinstansie wat tydens die
verloop van die navorsing in die operasiesaal gewerk het, en aan die
insluitingskriteria voldoen het, is gemotiveer om aan die studie deel te neem.
‘n Totaal van 11 individuele en drie fokusgroeponderhoude is gedoen. Die
onderhoude is op oudioband opgeneem en verbatim getranskribeer. Tesch
se metode van data-analise is gebruik en die kodering van die data is deur ‘n
mede-kodeerder gekontroleer.
Met die bevindinge van die studie is sekere afleidings gemaak en dit het
daarop gedui dat daar wel faktore is wat die studentverpleegkundige se
belewenis in die operasiesaal beïnvloed. Hierdie faktore sluit in:
- 'n Positiewe sowel as 'n negatiewe belewenis van die operasiesaal.
- Probleme ten opsigte van kommunikasie, byvoorbeeld taalgebruik.
- Gapings in kliniese opleiding onder andere ten opsigte van onvoldoende
oriëntasie.
- Aanpassingsprobleme ten opsigte van 'n nuwe en vreemde omgewing.
- Onvoldoende toesighouding.
'n Verskeidenheid aanbevelings is met betrekking tot die bogemelde
kwessies gemaak. Strategieë om 'n gemotiveerde werksklimaat te skep. 'n
"Briefing" en "debriefing" sessie t.o.v. die studentverpleegkundige se kliniese
opdragte in die operasiesaal. 'n Mentorskapsisteem en verbetering van die
oriëntasie van studentverpleegkundiges wat in die operasiesaal begin werk,
maak deel van die aanbevelings uit. Studentverpleegkundiges behoort
sekere kliniese uitkomste te bereik na sy/haar tydperk van plasing in die
operasiesaal. Studentverpleegkundiges moet nie in spesialisoperasiesale,
waar die vereistes wat aan die studentverpleegkundige gestel word, te hoog
is, geplaas word nie. Die inoefening van kliniese vaardighede in 'n
simulasielaboratorium word ook aanbeveel. Wanneer studentverpleegkundiges
in chirurgiese sale werksaam is, moet 'n geleentheid geskep word
waar hulle pasiënte deur die hele peri-operatiewe fase kan begelei.
Deurlopende kliniese begeleiding deur dosente van die Tersiêre
onderwysinstansie behoort plaas te vind ten einde vordering van
studentverpleegkundiges te monitor en terugvoer van hul aanpassing te
ontvang. Toepassing van die taalbeleid en beginsels van toesighouding ten
opsigte van studentverpleegkundiges in die operasiesaal. Opvolg
navorsingsprojekte sal van groot waarde wees.