Vermeulen, W.Gasela, Moses Mongezi2019-07-262019-07-262018http://hdl.handle.net/11660/10207Thesis (Ph.D.(Business Administration))--University of the Free State, 2018𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉 The South African public entities play a significant role in the South African economy as they assist the government to achieve different service delivery mandates in key sectors of the economy. However, the public entities are experiencing service delivery and performance problems that affect the South African economy negatively. This study investigated the alignment between the corporate and business level strategies in South African public entities with the aim of providing recommendations that would improve the alignment of the aforesaid strategies resulting in improved organisational performance in the entities. The unit of analysis for the study is a public entity that is based in the Northern Cape Province. The study was located within the post-positivist as well as constructivist/interpretivist philosophical assumptions. The convergent mixed research design was used. For the qualitative part of the study, the multicase study design was used. A purposive sample of eleven executives, representing each of the eight public entities and three provincial departments that control the entities was selected for the study. Data was also collected from the official documents of corporate and business level strategies of the entities. For the data collected through the individual interviews and strategic documents, data analysis involved organising details about a case (in this study, the entity), categorising data and clustering it into meaningful groups; and identifying patterns, trends and themes. Then, the researcher synthesised and generalised, giving an overall portrait of the case, with a conclusion and an implication beyond the case. The researcher looked for convergence from a triangulated study. For the study‘s quantitative part, the survey design was adopted using the probability sampling techniques, and a questionnaire to collect the data. Thirty-eight self- administered structured questionnaires were distributed to the executives of the eight entities and the three controlling departments. The response rate was 78%. Descriptive data analysis as well as inferential data analysis involving the correlational analysis and regression analysis were done. The use of the mixed methods served as a triangulation which ensured validity and reliability of the study findings. Four key findings emerged from the study. Firstly, it was found that there are many challenges that the public entities have, including financial and human capital inadequacy or/and lack of human resources, poor organisational culture, leadership issues (including ineffective boards) and working in silos with no effective communication, to mention but a few, that bring about strategy misalignment. These challenges affect the alignment of the two-level strategies and organisational performance negatively because the entities cannot deliver on their mandate by achieving their strategic objectives. Secondly, it was found that the alignment between corporate-level and business- level strategies contributes to organisational performance in South African public entities. Thirdly, the study found that strategy implementation of the business strategies in the South African public entities is a big problem. This is because of the many challenges these entities are facing, which include a lack of resources, leadership inadequacy, inefficient boards, lack of a good organisational culture, lack of support from their parent departments and the flexibility they need to be able to respond fast enough to their business needs. This causes a misalignment of the two strategies practically on the ground. Eventually this results in poor strategy implementation and unsatisfactory organisational performance. Fourthly, it was found that corporate controls affect strategy implementation negatively due to the abovementioned challenges. Finally, recommendations were developed to minimise the alignment gaps between the corporate and business level strategies in South African public entities, and therefore increase organisational performance. ___________________________________________________________________𝑨𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒂𝒏𝒔 Die Suid-Afrikaanse openbare entiteite speel 'n belangrike rol in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie aangesien hulle die regering bystaan om verskillende diensleweringsmandate in sleutelsektore van die ekonomie te vervul. Die openbare entiteite ervaar egter dienslewerings- en prestasieprobleme wat die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie negatief raak. Hierdie studie het die belyning tussen korporatiewe en besigheidsvlakstrategieë in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare entiteite ondersoek met die doel om aanbevelings te verskaf wat die belyning van bogenoemde strategieë sal verbeter, wat sal lei tot verbeterde organisatoriese prestasie in die entiteite. Die eenheid van analise vir die studie is 'n openbare entiteit wat in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie gesetel is. Die studie was geleë binne die post-positivistiese sowel as konstruktivistiese/interpretivistiese filosofiese aannames. Die konvergente gemengde metodes navorsingsontwerp is gebruik. Vir die kwalitatiewe deel van die studie is die veelvuldige gevallestudie-ontwerp gebruik. ’n Doelgerigte steekproef van elf uitvoerende beamptes, wat elk van die agt openbare entiteite en drie provinsiale departemente verteenwoordig wat die entiteite beheer, is vir die studie gekies. Data is ook versamel uit die amptelike dokumente van korporatiewe en besigheidsvlakstrategieë van die entiteite. Vir die data wat van die individuele onderhoude en strategiese dokumente ingesamel is, het data-analise die organisering van besonderhede oor 'n saak (in hierdie studie, die entiteit) behels, asook dat data gekategoriseer en in betekenisvolle groepe gegroepeer is; en patrone, tendense en temas is geïdentifiseer. Daarna het die navorser dit saamgevat en veralgemeen en 'n algehele beeld van die saak gegee, met 'n gevolgtrekking en 'n implikasie buite die gevallestudie. Die navorser het gesoek na konvergensie uit ’n triangulerende studie. Vir die kwantitatiewe deel van die studie is die opname-ontwerp ingespan deur die waarskynlikheidsteekproefnemingstegnieke te gebruik, asook 'n vraelys om die data in te samel. Agt-en-dertig selfgeadministreerde gestruktureerde vraelyste is onder die uitvoerende beamptes van die agt entiteite en die drie beherende departemente versprei. Die responskoers was 78%. Beskrywende data-analise sowel as inferensiële data-analise wat die korrelasie-analise en regressie-analise behels, is gedoen. Die gebruik van die gemengde metodes het gedien as ’n triangulasie wat geldigheid en betroubaarheid van die studiebevindinge verseker het. Vier sleutelbevindings het uit die studie na vore gekom. Eerstens is bevind dat daar baie uitdagings is wat die openbare entiteite ervaar, insluitend ontoereikende finansiële en menslike kapitaal of/en gebrek aan menslike hulpbronne, swak organisasiekultuur, leierskapskwessies (insluitend ondoeltreffende rade) en werk wat in silo's plaasvind sonder effektiewe kommunikasie, om maar net ’n paar te noem, wat strategie-wanbelyning teweegbring. Hierdie uitdagings beïnvloed die belyning van die tweevlakstrategieë en organisatoriese prestasie negatief omdat die entiteite nie hul mandaat kan nakom deur hul strategiese doelwitte te bereik nie. Tweedens is bevind dat die belyning tussen korporatiewe en besigheidsvlakstrategieë bydra tot organisatoriese prestasie in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare entiteite. Derdens het die studie bevind dat strategie-implementering van die besigheidstrategieë in die Suid-Afrikaanse openbare entiteite ’n groot probleem is. Dit is as gevolg van die vele uitdagings wat hierdie entiteite in die gesig staar, wat insluit 'n gebrek aan hulpbronne, leierskap ontoereikendheid, ondoeltreffende direksies, gebrek aan 'n goeie organisasiekultuur, gebrek aan ondersteuning van hul ouerdepartemente en die buigsaamheid wat hulle nodig het om vinnig genoeg op hul sakebehoeftes te kan reageer. Dit veroorsaak, prakties op die grond, 'n wanbelyning van die twee strategieë. Uiteindelik lei dit tot swak strategie-implementering en onbevredigende organisatoriese prestasie. Vierdens is bevind dat korporatiewe beheermaatreëls strategie-implementering negatief beïnvloed as gevolg van bogenoemde uitdagings. Laastens is aanbevelings ontwikkel om die belyningsgapings tussen die korporatiewe en besigheidsvlakstrategieë in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare entiteite te minimaliseer, en dus organisatoriese prestasie te verhoog. ___________________________________________________________________𝑺𝒆𝑺𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒐 Ditsi tsa setjhaba tsa Afrika Borwa di na le seabo se seholo moruong wa Afrika Borwa ka hore di thusa mmuso ho fihlella ditebello tse fapaneng tsa phethahatso le phumantsho ya ditshebeletso disekthareng tsa motheo tsa moruo tse fapaneng. Leha ho le jwalo, ditsi tsena tsa setjhaba di tobana le mathata a phumantsho ya ditshebeletso a theolang moruo wa Afrika Borwa hampe. Diphuputso tsena di batlisisa kamano pakeng tsa tshebetso ya khamphani le mekgwa ya kgwebo e le ho fana ka dikgothaletso tse tla ntlafatsa mekgwa e boletsweng e le ho qetella ka tshebetso e atlehileng ka hara mekgatlo. Yuniti ya tshekatsheko ya diphuputso tsena ke setsi sa setjhaba se fumanwang mane provenseng ya Kapa Leboya. Diphuputso tsena di etswa ka ho sebedisa katamelo ya post-positivist hammoho le kutlwisiso ya filosofi ya constructivist/interpretivist. Ho sebedisitswe mokgwa wa diphuputso tsa kopanelo. Bakeng sa karolo ya qualitative ya diphuputso tsena, ho sebedisitswe mokgwa wa patlisiso wa kopanyo. Ho kgethilwe sampole ya batsamaisi ba leshome le motso o mong ba emetseng e nngwe le e nngwe ya ditsi tse robedi tsa setjhaba le mafapha a diprovense tse tharo tse laolang ditsi bakeng sa diphuputso tsena. Dintlha tsa deitha di bokeletswe ho tswa ho ditokomane tsa molao tsa khamphani le tsa mekgwa ya boemo ba kgwebo tsa ditsi tsa setjhaba. Bakeng sa dintlha tse bokeletsweng ka dipuisano tsa motho ka mong le ditokomane tse sebediswang, tshekatsheko ya dintlha tsena tsa deitha e kenyeletsa ho hlophisa dintlha mabapi le taba ya patlisiso (e leng setsi sa setjhaba), ho hlophisa dintlha ka mekgahlelo le ho di hlophisa ka dihlopha tse tshwanelehang; le ho hlwaya dipaterone, ditlwaelo le mookotaba kapa molaetsa. Jwale mofuputsi o ile a hokahanya, a bopa kakaretso ka ho fana ka setshwantsho se akaretsang sa diphuputso tsena tse ikgethileng, ka qetello le ka tse ka hlokomelwang ho tswa diphuputsong tsena tse ikgethang. Mofuputsi jwale o ile a theha momahano kapa kgokahano diphuputsong tsena tsa dikarolo tse mmalwa. Bakeng sa karolo ya bohlalosi ba diphuputso tsena, mokgwa wa diphuputso o ile wa ananelwa ka ho sebedisa mokgwa wa disampole, le lenane la dipotso bakeng sa ho bokella dintlha tsa patlisiso. Ho ile ha ajwa manane a dipotso a mashome a mararo a metso e robedi a itlhalosang ho balaodi ba ditsi tse robedi le mafapha a taolo a mararo. Sekgahla sa dikarabo e bile 78%. Ho ile ha etswa ditshekatsheko tsa ditlhaloso tsa deitha hammoho le tshekatsheko ya theho ya mehopolo tse kenyeletsang ditshekatsheko tsa papiso le tshekatsheko ya regression. Tshebediso ya mekgwa e kopaneng e sebeditse jwaloka kamano e bontshitseng ho tshwaneleha le ho tshepahala ha diphihlello tsa diphuputso. Ho ile ha hlaha diphihlello tse nne tsa motheo. Tabeng ya pele, ho lemohilwe hore ho na le diphephetso tse ngata tseo ditsi tsa setjhaba di nang le tsona, ho kenyeletswa le tsa ditjhelete le tsa batho kapa/le basebetsi, moetlo o fokolang wa tlhophiso ya mokgatlo, mathata a boetapele (ho kenyeletswa le makgotla a seng hlwahlwa) le ho sebetsa ka ho itsheka ho se na dikamano tse hlwahlwa, ho fana ka tse mmalwa feela, tse bakang mokgwa o sa atlehang. Diphephetso tsena di ama mekgwa ya tshebetso ya mokgatlo hampe hobane ditsi ha di kgone ho sebetsa ho fihlella boikemisetso ba tsona. Tabeng ya bobedi, ho lemohilwe hore kamano pakeng tsa boemo ba khamphani le boemo ba mekgwa ya kgwebo e thusa bakeng sa tshebetso ya mokgatlo ho ditsi tsa setjhaba mona Afrika Borwa. Tabeng ya boraro, diphuputso di sibolotse hore tshebediso ya mokgwa ona wa kgwebo ka hara ditsi tsa setjhaba mona Afrika Borwa ke bothata bo boholo. Hona ho bakwa ke diphephetso tse ngata tseo ditsi tsena tsa setjhaba di tobanang le tsona, e leng tse kenyeletsang tlhoko ya mehlodi, boetapele bo fokolang, makgotla a sa sebetseng hantle, tlhoko ya moetlo wa tshebetso e ntle ya mokgatlo, tlhoko ya tshehetso ya mafapha a maholo le ho kgona ho arabela ka potlako ho ditlhoko tsa kgwebo. Hona ho baka ho se tsamaelane ha mekgwa e mmedi e le ka nnete tshebetsong. Hona ho baka hore qetellong ho be le tshebediso e mpe e fokolang ya mokgwa wa tshebetso esita le tlhahiso e fokolang ya tshebetso ya mokgatlo. Tabeng ya bone, ho fumanehile hore taolo ya koporasi e ama mokgwa wa tshebetso hampe ka lebaka la diphephetso tse seng di boletswe. Qetellong, dikgothaletso di ile tsa etswa e le ho fokotsa ho se tsamaelane le dikgeo pakeng tsa koporasi ya tshebetso le mekgwa ya tshebetso mona ka hare ho ditsi tsa setjhaba tsa Afrika Borwa, mme ka hona ho eketsa tshebetso ya mokgatlo. ___________________________________________________________________𝑰𝒔𝒊𝒁𝒖𝒍𝒖 Izinhlaka zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha zidlala indima enkulu emnothweni waseNingizimu Afrikha njengoba zisiza uhulumeni ukuthi afeze imigomo ehlukene yokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi emikhakheni ebalulekile yomnotho. Kodwa-ke, izikhungo zikahulumeni zibhekene nezinkinga zokulethwa kwezidingo kanye nokusebenza kwazo ezithinta kabi umnotho waseNingizimu Afrikha. Lolu cwaningo luphenye ukuhambisana phakathi kwamasu ezinga lebhizinisi nelebhizinisi ezikhungweni zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngezincomo ezizokwenza ngcono ukuqondana kwamasu ashiwo ngenhla okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwenhlangano ezinhlakeni. Iyunithi yokuhlaziya ucwaningo yinhlangano yomphakathi ezinze esiFundazweni saseNyakatho Kapa. Ucwaningo lwalutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-post-positivist kanye nokuqagela kwefilosofi ye-constructivist/interpretivist. Kusetshenziswe idizayini yocwaningo oluxubile ehlangene. Engxenyeni yekhwalithi yocwaningo, kusetshenziswe umklamo wocwaningo olunamakhasi amaningi. Isampula elihlosiwe lezikhulu eziyishumi nanye, ezimele inkampani yomphakathi ngayinye kweziyisishiyagalombili kanye neminyango emithathu yezifundazwe elawula amabhizinisi ikhethelwe ucwaningo. Idatha iphinde yaqoqwa emibhalweni esemthethweni yamasu ezinga lebhizinisi nelebhizinisi ezinkampanini. Mayelana nedatha eqoqwe ngezingxoxo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nemibhalo yamasu, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwakuhlela ukuhlela imininingwane mayelana necala (kulolu cwaningo, ibhizinisi), ukuhlukanisa idatha futhi ihlanganiswe ngamaqembu anengqondo; kanye nokuhlonza amaphethini, izitayela nezindikimba. Khona-ke, umcwaningi wahlanganisa futhi wenza jikelele, enikeza isithombe esiphelele secala, nesiphetho kanye nencazelo ngale kwecala. Umcwaningi ubheke ukuhlangana ocwaningweni olunxantathu. Ngokwengxenye yobuningi bocwaningo, idizayini yenhlolovo yamukelwa kusetshenziswa amasu okusampula okungenzeka, kanye nohlu lwemibuzo ukuze kuqoqwe idatha. Uhlu lwemibuzo oluhleliwe oluzilawulelwa ngokwalo lwasatshalaliswa kubaphathi bezinhlangano eziyisishiyagalombili kanye neminyango emithathu elawulayo. Izinga lokuphendula lalingama-78%. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuchazayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okungaphelele okubandakanya ukuhlaziywa kokuhlobana nokuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwenziwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezixubile ze-vi zisebenze njengonxantathu oqinisekisa ubuqiniso nokuthembeka kokutholwe ocwaningweni. Okutholwe okune okubalulekile kuvele ocwaningweni. Okokuqala, kutholakale ukuthi kunezinselelo eziningi izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezinazo, okuhlanganisa ukuntula kwezimali kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza zabantu, isiko elibi lenhlangano, izindaba zobuholi (kuhlanganise namabhodi angasebenzi) kanye nokusebenza ezinqolobaneni ezingenakho ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, ukusho okumbalwa, okuletha ukungahambi kahle kwamasu. Lezi zinselele zithinta ukuqondanisa kwamasu ezigaba ezimbili nokusebenza kwenhlangano ngendlela engalungile ngoba amabhizinisi awakwazi ukufeza igunya lawo ngokufeza izinjongo zawo zamasu. Okwesibili, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuqondanisa phakathi kwamasu ezinga lebhizinisi kanye nezinga lebhizinisi kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwenhlangano ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha. Okwesithathu, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwamasu ebhizinisi ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha kuyinkinga enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yezinselelo eziningi lezi zinhlaka ezibhekene nazo, ezihlanganisa ukushoda kwezinsiza, ukuntula ubuholi, amabhodi angasebenzi kahle, ukuntula isiko elihle lokuhlela, ukuntula ukusekelwa yiminyango engabazali kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezikudingayo ukuze zikwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha, ngokwanele izidingo zabo zebhizinisi. Lokhu kubangela ukungahleleki kahle kwamasu amabili empeleni phansi. Ekugcineni lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu okungekuhle kanye nokusebenza kwenhlangano okungagculisi. Okwesine, kutholakale ukuthi ukulawulwa kwebhizinisi kunomthelela omubi ekusetshenzisweni kwamasu ngenxa yalezi zinselelo ezibalwe ngenhla. Ekugcineni, izincomo zenziwa ukuze kuncishiswe igebe lokuhambisana phakathi kwamasu ezinga lebhizinisi nelebhizinisi ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukusebenza kwenhlangano. ___________________________________________________________________enCorporate level strategyBusiness level strategyAlignmentImplementationOrganisational performanceSouth African public entitiesCorporate controlsLeadershipOrganisational cultureThesisUniversity of the Free State