Van Niekerk, AngeliqueBertram, Mariska2018-01-122018-01-122009http://hdl.handle.net/11660/7594English: A discourse analytical investigation is done into the nature of Afrikaans and English radio advertisements in advertisement competitions, namely, The Loerie Awards (English and Afrikaans) and the Pendoring Awards (2005, 2006) with the focus on the following research question: In what way can a discourse analytical investigation into the recursive language patterns found in radio advertisements contribute to the establishment of workable guidelines in order to write credible radio copy? The following goals were set on the basis of the above research question: A) Which language (e.g. dialogue and code-switching) and language-related strategies (e.g. humour and intertextuality) characterise Afrikaans and English radio copy? Advertising and communication do not occur in a socio-economic vacuum, and the fact that advertisements communicate with real people via real characters or spokespersons in a given socio-economic context, would make it possible to draw conclusions about the socioeconomic world as illustrated by radio advertisements from the selected competitions. This brings me to my second goal: B) What image does South African radio advertisements sketch about the socioeconomic world, given the marketing message in every advertisement? Given goal A was there a clear distinction made between the terms ‘language characteristics’ and ‘language related characteristics’. The distinction is to a great extent based on Van Jaarsveld’s (1987:204) distinction between the linguistic and the communicative assumptions as prerequisite for successful communication. Carstens’ (1997:105) distinction between constitutive and regulative principles for textuality according to me further justify the necessity of the distinction made. The former create and define the form of language behaviour what is to be known as textual communication. That implies that certain rules must be performed to determine the textuality of a text. The second principle control existing forms of behaviour and has as premise that this behaviour will still occur even if there do not exist clear rules for them. These assumptions and principles are being discussed in detail in chapters four and five that contain the language and language related characteristics. In the literature study an overview is given of the communication process, marketing, integrated marketing communications, advertising and the advertisement process. Here an overview is given of the nature of radio as advertisement medium, as well as of the functions of radio as medium, radio programming, the creative brief, the creative brief and the selling idea, positioning and message strategies. The focus then shifts to advertising and specifically radio advertising. Next, the data itself and the analysis of each advertisement are discussed. Here the Pendoring Toekennings and The Loerie Awards radio prize winners of 2005 / 2006 were used. Descriptions are given of the inventory variables (humour, intertextuality, codeswitching, and so forth) which were used to analyse the data. Each advertisement is analysed in terms of language and language-related characteristics, and concludes with the marketing message of each advertisement. The analyses of the data is consistent with the didactic-academic goal, namely, to compose guidelines for the writing of creative radio copy, which will be included in the conclusion. The following language characteristics are discussed as a whole in terms of their realisation in the data: Dialogue characteristics (address forms, turn-taking, hesitations, rude language use, lexicon, interruptions, cyclic nature of time, slang, tone of voice, pronunciation, exclamations, assimilation), repetition, code-switching, code mixing, rhyme and language play. According to the language-related characteristics – shared knowledge, historic time happenings, humour, intertextuality, irony, auditive nature (which consists of background sound and music), controversy and stereotypes – and the marketing message from the data as a whole, the image of the South African society can be expressed. The image from the data can be summarised as follows: South Africans presently live in an era where politics exercises great influence and is realised in contemporary radio advertisements. The biggest part of the dataset holds a connection with political changes which influence the society. It can, for example, be seen in the name changing of cities and the apartheid museum which was built. At the same time Afrikaans speakers fight for their language to survive – art festivals for example the KKNK are held, not only for entertainment, but also to promote Afrikaans.Afrikaans: ’n Diskoersanalitiese ondersoek is geloods na die aard van Afrikaanse en Engelse radioadvertensies in reklamekompetisies, naamlik The Loerie Awards (Engels en Afrikaans) en die Pendoring Toekennings (2005 & 2006) met die oog op die oorkoepelende navorsingsvraag, naamlik: Op welke wyse kan ’n diskoersanalitiese ondersoek na die rekursiewe talige patrone in radio-advertensies bydra tot die daarstelling van werkbare riglyne ten opsigte van die skryf van geloofwaardige radiokopie? Op basis van die navorsingsvraag is die volgende doelwitte gestel: A) Watter talige (byvoorbeeld dialoog en kodewisseling) en taalverwante strategieë (byvoorbeeld humor en intertekstualiteit) kenmerk Afrikaanse en Engelse radiokopie? Advertering en kommunikasie vind egter nie in ’n sosio-ekonomiese vakuum plaas nie en die feit dat advertensies met werklike mense kommunikeer via werklike karakters of segspersone binne ’n gegewe sosio-ekonomiese konteks, sou dit moontlik maak om afleidings te maak oor die sosio-ekonomiese leefwêreld soos voorgestel deur radio-advertensies binne die genoemde kompetisies. Dit bring my by die tweede doelwit: B) Watter beeld skets Suid-Afrikaanse radio-advertensies van die sosio-ekonomiese leefwêreld gegewe die bemarkingsboodskap in elke advertensie? Gegewe doelwit A is daar ’n duidelike onderskeid tussen die terme ‘talige kenmerke’ en ‘taalverwante kenmerke’ getref. Die onderskeid is losweg gebaseer op Van Jaarsveld (1987:204) se onderskeid tussen linguistiese en die kommunikatiewe aannames as voorvereiste vir suksesvolle kommunikasie. Die onderskeiding van Carstens (1997:105) tussen konstitutiewe en regulerende beginsels vir tekstualiteit regverdig myns insiens verder die nodigheid van die onderskeid. Eersgenoemde “[...] skep en definieer die vorm van taalgedrag wat as tekstuele kommunikasie bekend staan”. Dit behels dat sekere reëls nagekom moet word om die tekstualiteit van ’n teks te bepaal. Die tweede beginsel “[...] beheer bestaande vorme van gedrag en het as uitgangspunt dat hierdie gedrag wel sal plaasvind selfs al bestaan daar nie duidelike reëls daarvoor nie”. Hierdie aannames en beginsels is in detail bespreek in hoofstukke vier en vyf wat handel oor die talige en taalverwante kenmerke. In die literatuurstudie word ’n oorhoofse oorsig gegee van die kommunikasieproses, bemarking, geïntegreerde bemarkingskommunikasie, reklame en advertering en die advertensieproses. Hier word daar gekyk na die aard van radio as advertensiemedium, na die funksies van radio as medium, radioprogramopstelling, die kreatiewe opdrag, die kreatiewe opdrag en die verkoopsidee, posisionering en boodskapstrategieë. Daarna verskuif die fokus na advertering en spesifiek radio-advertering. Die datastel self en die analise van elke advertensie kom daarna aan die bod. Hier is die Pendoring Toekennings en The Loerie Awards se radiopryswenners van 2005 / 2006 gebruik. Beskrywings word gegee van die inventarisveranderlikes (humor, intertekstualiteit, kodewisseling, en dies meer) wat gebruik is om die datastel te analiseer. Elke advertensie word ontleed in terme van talige- en taalverwante kenmerke, en word afgesluit met die bemarkingsboodskap van elke advertensie. Die analise van die datastel is afgestem op die didakties-akademiese doelstelling, naamlik om riglyne saam te stel vir die skryf van kreatiewe radiokopie wat in die gevolgtrekking vervat word. Die volgende talige kenmerke word volledig bespreek in terme van hulle neerslag in die datastel: Dialoogkenmerke (aanspreekvorme, beurtwisseling, huiwerings, kru taalgebruik, leksikon, onderbrekings, slang-vorme, stemtoon, uitspraak, tussenwerpsels, assimilasies), herhaling, kodewisseling, kodevermenging, rym en taalspel. Aan die hand van die taalverwante kenmerke – gedeelde kennis, historiese tydsgebeure, humor, intertekstualiteit, ironie, ouditiewe aard (wat agtergrondklank en musiek behels), kontroversie, sikliese aard van tyd en stereotipes – en die bemarkingsboodskap uit die totale datastel, kan die beeld op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing verwoord word. Die beeld uit die datastel kan as volg saamgevat word: Suid-Afrikaners leef tans in ’n tydperk waar die politieke bestel groot invloede uitoefen en dit vind selfs neerslag in die hedendaagse radio-advertensies. Die grootste gedeelte van die datastel hou verband met politieke veranderinge wat sy invloed uitoefen op die samelewing. Dit word raakgesien in byvoorbeeld die pleknaamveranderinge en die apartheidmuseum wat gestig is. Terselfdetyd veg Afrikaanssprekendes vir hulle taal om te oorleef – kunstefeeste soos die KKNK word, behalwe vir vermaak, ook gehou ter opheffing van die voortbestaan van Afrikaans.afCommunicationMarketingIntegrated marketing communicationsAdvertisingRadioCreative briefRadio copyLanguage and language related characteristicsMarketing messageApplied linguisticsCopy writingDiscourse analysisRadio advertisingAdvertising copyCommunication in marketingDissertation (M.A. (Afrikaans))--University of the Free State, 2009DissertationUniversity of the Free State