127 On some new and poorly-known Chrysillini from arid western South Africa (Araneae, Salticidae) Charles Richard Haddad1 , Wanda Wesołowska2 1 Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa 2 Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland Corresponding author: Charles Richard Haddad (haddadcr@ufs.ac.za) Copyright: © Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Research Article Abstract Following a rapid biodiversity assessment of spiders in the arid western interior of South Africa, we report on the occurrence of some poorly known and new species of chrysilline jumping spiders. Helafricanus patellaris (Simon, 1901), Heliocapensis capensis (Wesołows- ka, 1986), H. mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986) and Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927 are recorded from the Northern Cape Province for the first time, and Heliocapensis maluti (We- sołowska & Haddad, 2014) (Lesotho) and Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986 (Ango- la) are recorded from South Africa for the first time, both also from the Northern Cape. The hitherto unknown females of Heliocapensis mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986) and Icius pulchel- lus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 and the male of M. lesserti are described for the first time. Three new species are described: Icius jacksoni sp. nov. (♂), Menemerus foordi sp. nov. (♂) and Natta triguttata sp. nov. (♂♀). One new combination, Afraflacilla matabelensis (We- sołowska, 2011), comb. nov. (ex Pseudicius Simon, 1885), is proposed. We present the first comprehensive molecular analysis of South Africa Chrysillini jumping spiders, based on the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, which supports the monophyly of all but two genera (Hela- fricanus Wesołowska, 1986 and Heliophanus C.L. Koch, 1833), which we briefly discuss. Key words: Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, desert, jumping spiders, Salticinae, Salti- coida, succulent karoo Introduction South Africa includes three global biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000), of which the Succulent Karoo hotspot in the west, which includes most of the extent of the Succulent Karoo Biome (SKB), is shared with southern Namibia. The SKB is globally recognised for its exceptional richness and endemism of dwarf suc- culents, but the invertebrate fauna remains poorly known for most orders (e.g. Janion-Scheepers et al. 2016). Coupled with the SKB, large parts of arid western South Africa and southern Namibia are characterised by Nama Karoo vegetation and, to a lesser extent, Desert Biome (DB) surrounding the lower section of the Orange River and pockets of Fynbos further south (Mucina and Rutherford 2006). The arid western parts of South Africa remain the most unexplored concern- ing spider biodiversity, with the majority of quarter-degree cells being either severely undersampled or never having been sampled at all (Foord et al. 2011, Academic editor: Galina N. Azarkina Received: 1 September 2024 Accepted: 4 November 2024 Published: 19 November 2024 ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/ CC028E33-8418-4345-950E- 72E977FEE66C Citation: Haddad CR, Wesołowska W (2024) On some new and poorly- known Chrysillini from arid western South Africa (Araneae, Salticidae). African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159. https://doi.org/10.3897/ AfrInvertebr.65.136083 African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024) DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 This article is part of: Gedenkschrift for Prof. Stefan H. Foord Edited by Galina Azarkina, Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, Charles Haddad, Robin Lyle, John MIdgley, Caswell Munyai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-7760 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-1058 mailto:haddadcr@ufs.ac.za https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://zoobank.org/CC028E33-8418-4345-950E-72E977FEE66C https://zoobank.org/CC028E33-8418-4345-950E-72E977FEE66C https://zoobank.org/CC028E33-8418-4345-950E-72E977FEE66C https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 128African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa 2020; Janion-Scheepers et al. 2016; Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). This has been primarily influenced by the distribution of arachnologists in the eastern and southern parts of the country, perceived logistical challenges associat- ed with the rural west and the expected lower species richness of arid versus mesic biotopes, which would be expected to yield lower species richness and abundance for the sampling effort. The majority of spiders recorded from this region were described by Purcell (1908) and Simon (1910), with specific details of the original localities provided in Haddad and Marusik (2019). To help address this, the first author and colleagues collected in five histor- ically poorly sampled degree squares along a north–south transect in the arid western interior of the country during 2021 and 2022, including the DB of the Richtersveld National Park and four sites to the south in the SKB (Fig. 1). Here, we present data on some new and poorly-known jumping spiders of the tribe Chrysillini that were collected during this study, supplemented by specimens from the area sourced from natural history collections, to improve knowledge of this group in the arid zone of South Africa. Three new species are described, two unknown sexes are described for the first time and new distribution data are provided for several poorly-known species. Material and methods Morphology All of the material examined in this study is preserved in 70% ethanol and de- posited in the National Collection of Arachnida, ARC – Plant Health and Pro- tection, Pretoria (NCA), National Museum, Bloemfontein (NMBA) and KwaZu- lu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg (NMSA). Digital microscope photographs of the habitus and genitalic morphology were taken by the second author with a Nikon Coolpix 8400 mounted on a Nikon SMZ 1500 and Zeiss Stemi 2000 stereomicroscope, with a series of extended focal range images taken and stacked using Helicon Focus software to increase the depth of field. For Icius insolidus (Wesołowska, 1999) (♂♀) and Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołows- ka, 1999 (♀), specimens were photographed with a Nikon D5-L3 camera sys- tem attached to a Nikon SMZ800 stereomicroscope, with the series of images stacked using the CombineZM imaging software (http://www.hadleyweb.pwp. blueyonder.co.uk) to increase the depth of field. Genitalic structures were illustrated with the aid of a reticular eyepiece on a binocular microscope (Nikon and MBS-10). Detailed examination of the male pedipalps and female epigynes were done following dissection, with the epi- gynes cleared in 5% hot potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for a few minutes, dehydrated with 100% ethanol, cleared in xylene and drawn in temporary eu- genol mounts. All genitalia were placed in microvials containing 70% ethanol together with the specimens from which they were dissected. All measurements are provided in millimetres and were determined with an eyepiece micrometer on a binocular microscope (Nikon and MBS-10). The cara- pace length was measured along the mid-line of the carapace from the base of the anterior median eyes (i.e. excluding the lenses) to the posterior margin of the carapace medially. The abdomen length was measured from the anterior margin of the abdomen to the anal tubercle, i.e. excluding the petiole and spinnerets. http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk 129African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Molecular analysis As part of the deliverables for the transect project, leg tissues of representative specimens of all species collected in each of the five degree-squares were pre- pared for DNA barcoding (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI) by the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, which conducted the extraction and sequencing fol- lowing their standard protocols for arthropods (CCDB 2019). All the sequence data have been uploaded to the SPIZA (Spiders of South Africa) project on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD, www.boldsystems.org; Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007, 2013). To assess the conspecificity of males and females of the species treated herein and support their taxonomic distinctness, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences on the complete set of South African Chrysillini spe- cies on SPIZA, using Massagris honesta Wesołowska, 1993 (Hisponinae) to root the tree. All relevant data related to the specimens included in the phylogenetic analysis are presented in Appendix 1 (species, sex and process IDs of speci- mens, locality, depository number and sequence length), with the full collecting details of the specimens from western South Africa provided in the main text. To avoid excessively large clades in the tree, we only included a single male and female (wherever possible) for all described South African Chrysillini species not specifically treated in this paper. All individuals assigned to the species treated in this paper that were sequenced (marked with * in Appendix 1) were included, to- gether with all their sequenced conspecifics from other localities in the country, to confirm their conspecificity. For all terminals, the species name, SPIZA sample ID, institutional depository and sampling location are provided in the tree (Fig. 2). We used the “Sequence analysis” tool in BOLD to analyse the selected sequenc- es (68 terminals in total), selecting the Kimura 2 Parameter distance model, Neigh- Figure 1. Map of South Africa, with enlargement indicating the 17 localities from which the Chrysillini examined in this study originated. Localities marked with * were sampled during the transect study. 130African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of South African Chrysillini, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, with genera indicated in different colours. Massagris honesta (Hisponinae) was used as the outgroup to root the tree. Speci- mens in bold are treated in this paper. * - genus with possible contaminated sequence(s); ** possibly paraphyletic genus. bour-joining algorithm, aligning the sequences using Muscle (Edgar 2004) and a minimum overall overlap of 200 bp between sequences. To optimise the results, we only included sequences more than 500 bp in length, preferably those with the optimal length of 658 bp. The tree produced was further modified in Corel Draw X7. 131African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Phylogenetics The analysis, based on the COI gene, found all of the genera of South African Chrysillini monophyletic based on the terminals included, with two exceptions (Fig. 2). Heliophanus C.L. Koch, 1833 sensu stricto (indicated by * in the tree), represented by two species (H. deformis Wesołowska, 1986 and H. pygmae- us Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000) was polyphyletic, with two H. deform- is forming a clade sister to Mexcala G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1902 and one specimen as sister to a clade including Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 and H. pygmaeus as sister to a clade containing Helafricanus and Trape- zocephalus Berland & Millot, 1941. Considering the disparate placement of the specimen from Namaqua National Park (SPIZA1031-21), it is plausible that this sequence may have been contaminated. Helafricanus itself (indicated by ** in the tree) was represented by two clades, separated by T. orchesta (Simon, 1886); this result is not entirely surprising, as the first clade is represented by H. bisulcus (Wesołowska, 1986) and H. demon- strativus (Wesołowska, 1986), two species that are considerably larger than most other Helafricanus and with a modified embolus and epigyne structure, similar to other members of the marshalli species group (Wesołowska 1986). It is quite plausible that these two species and other close relatives may represent another genus, but any decisions on their systematics and that of Heliophanus sensu stricto should be based on a more comprehensive molecular dataset. Our results also support the placement of Pseudicius matabelensis We- sołowska, 2011 in a clade containing two Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 species, A. karinae (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011) and A. venustula (Wesołows- ka & Haddad, 2009). As such, we propose the transfer of this species below. When Prószyński (2017) partially revised Pseudicius Simon, 1885, he trans- ferred numerous African species to Afraflacilla and Psenuc Prószyński, 2017, but a considerable proportion of species remaining unresolved and were re- tained in Pseudicius. As such, this proposed transfer here is only one step in resolving the placement of many of these untreated species. Our tree also supports the placement of the three new species described in this paper in their respective genera, i.e. Icius jacksoni sp. nov., Menemerus foordi sp. nov. and Natta triguttata sp. nov. (Fig. 2). As such, we show that even a single gene (COI) can provide valuable information regarding the monophyly of genera and the placement of new species described therein. Taxonomy Family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 Afraflacilla matabelensis (Wesołowska, 2011), comb. nov. Pseudicius matabelensis Wesołowska, 2011: 338, figs 73–78. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 2♂; Upington, Du- ine-in-die-Weg Guest Farm; -28.57, 21.77; 840 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct 2017; H. Baden- horst leg.; hand collecting; NCA 2020/18 • 1♀; same collection data as for pre- ceding; -28.58, 21.78, 875 m a.s.l.; NCA 2020/21 • 1♂; Namaqua National Park, 132African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Koeroebees; -30.1447, 17.7029; 240 m a.s.l.; 27 Mar 2022, C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating shrubs, dry river bed; NMBA 18564. Distribution. A species described from Zimbabwe (Wesołowska 2011) and re- cently recorded from the KwaZulu-Natal and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Recorded from two additional locali- ties in the latter province here, indicating a broad distribution in southern Africa. Helafricanus modicus (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903) Heliophanus modicus Peckham & Peckham, 1903: 193, pl. 20, fig. 2; Wesołows- ka 1986: 25, figs 215–225. Helafricanus modicus Wesołowska 2024: 82. Material examined. South Africa • Western Cape Province; 1♀, together with 1♂ H. patellaris; Laingsburg District, Wagendrift Lodge; 33°22.782'S, 20°56.566'E; 510 m a.s.l.; 22 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, in garden; NCA 2021/148. Distribution. A species previously known from Madagascar (Wesołowska 1986), Lesotho (Wesołowska and Haddad 2014) and the Eastern Cape, Free State and Western Cape provinces of South Africa (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023; World Spider Catalog 2024). Helafricanus patellaris (Simon, 1901) Heliophanus patellaris Simon, 1901a: 541, fig. 667; Simon 1901b: 58, fig. 11; Wesołowska 1986: 22, figs 163–175; Wesołowska and Haddad 2014: 242, figs 30, 31, 49–55. Helafricanus patellaris Wesołowska 2024: 81, fig. 1A–H. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♂; Alexander Bay; 28°35'S, 16°29'E; 1 Nov 1970; M. Meyer leg.; hand collection; NCA 78/1688 • Western Cape Province • 1♂, together with 1♀ H. modicus; Laingsburg Dis- trict, Wagendrift Lodge; 33°22.782'S, 20°56.566'E; 510 m a.s.l.; 22 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, in garden; NCA 2021/148. Distribution. A species previously known from Lesotho (Wesołowska and Haddad 2014) and all the South African provinces, excluding Limpopo and North West (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Heliocapensis capensis (Wesołowska, 1986) Heliophanus capensis Wesołowska, 1986: 12, figs 12–17. Heliocapensis capensis Wesołowska 2024: 84. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 2♀; Nieuwoudt- ville, Farm Papkuilsfontein; 31°22'S, 19°06'E; 26 Aug 2008; A. Russell-Smith leg.; under shrubs; NCA 2016/28. 133African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Distribution. A species previously known from several localities in the North- ern and Western Cape in South Africa (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Heliocapensis deserticola (Simon, 1901) Heliophanus deserticola Simon, 1901b: 59, fig. 13; Wesołowska 1986: 12, figs 4–9; Prószyński 2017: 31, fig. 13H. Heliocapensis deserticola Wesołowska 2024: 84. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♀; Goegap Na- ture Reserve, Reception Office; 29°39.905'S, 17°59.827'E; 16 Jul 2017; R. Booy- sen leg.; beating; NCA 2017/1284 • 1♀; Namaqua National Park, Near Skilpad Rest Camp; -30.1661, 17.7685; 610 m a.s.l.; 28 Mar 2023; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, north-facing hillside; NMBA 18551 • 1♀; Near Nababeep, Jakkalswa- ter Guest Farm; 29°37'S, 17°48'E; 910 m a.s.l.; 22 Aug 2020; P. Webb leg.; hand collecting; NCA 2021/1224. Distribution. Previously recorded from the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Heliocapensis maluti (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2014) Fig. 3A, D Heliophanus maluti Wesołowska & Haddad, 2014: 241, figs 28, 29, 41–47. Heliocapensis maluti Wesołowska 2024: 84. Figure 3. Dorsal habitus (A–C) and anterior view (D–F) of living Heliocapensis maluti Wesołowska & Haddad, 2014 male (A, D), H. mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986) female (B, E) and Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986 male (C, F). 134African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♂; Namaqua Na- tional Park, Koeroebees; 30°08.683'S, 17°42.177'E; 240 m a.s.l.; 14 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, dry river bed; NCA 2021/740 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; NMBA 19849. Description. See Wesołowska and Haddad (2014) for a description of both sexes. General appearance of live male as in Fig. 3A, D. Distribution. A species previously known only from the montane enclave of Lesotho, recorded from South Africa for the first time (Wesołowska and Hadd- ad 2014; Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Heliocapensis mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986) Figs 3B, E, 4, 5 Heliophanus mirabilis Wesołowska, 1986: 14, figs 50–53; Haddad and We- sołowska 2013: 480, figs 44–47, 53. Heliocapensis mirabilis Wesołowska 2024: 85. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♂ 5♀; Richtersveld National Park, Halfmens Pass; 28°07.789'S, 16°57.667'E; 235 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, open plain; NCA 2021/292 • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; NCA 2021/304 • 2♂ 3♀; same locality; 10 Jul 2021; C. Hadd- ad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, open plain; NCA 2021/414 • 4♀; Richtersveld National Park, near Akkedis Pass; 28°07.884'S, 16°59.700'E; 330 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating, karooid bushes; NCA 2024/17 • 1♀; Rich- tersveld National Park, Near Hand of God; 28°05.874'S, 16°58.736'E; 35 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NCA 2021/66 • 3♂ 3♀ Richtersveld National Park, SE of Akkedis Pass; 28°11.123'S, 17°02.543'E; 535 m a.s.l.; 7 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, dry river bed; NCA 2021/354 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; NCA 2021/389 • 7♀; same collec- tion data as for preceding; 7 Jan 2021; NCA 2021/279 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; NCA 2021/267 • 4♂; same collection data as for preceding; NCA 2021/280 • 5♀ (together with 1♂ Heliophanus deformis); Richtersveld National Park, Site 3 near Akkedis Pass; 28°07.882'S, 16°59.700'E; 330 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating, karooid bushes; NCA 2021/471 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Sendelingsdrif Camp, 28°07.496'S, 16°53.445'E; 40 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; hand collecting at night; NCA 2021/34. Diagnosis of female. The female can be distinguished from its congeners by the course of the seminal ducts, which initially run anteriorly from the epigynal depressions (Fig. 5E), while posteriorly in other species. Description. For description of the male, see Haddad and Wesołowska (2013). General appearance of male in alcohol as in Fig. 4A, B; palpal organ in Figs 4C–E, 5A–C. Female: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 1.6–1.8, width 1.1–1.2, height 0.5–0.6. Abdomen length 1.6–2.5, width 1.1–1.7. Eye field length 0.6, anterior width 1.0, posterior width 1.1. General appearance of live female as in Fig. 3B, E, of female in alcohol in Fig. 4F. Carapace dark brown, clothed in yel- lowish-grey scale-like hairs, eye field black, amongst scales some long brown bristles. Mouthparts and sternum dark brown. Abdomen black, covered with 135African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 4. Heliocapensis mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986), male (A–E) and female (F, G): A, F general appearance, dorsal view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view D same, retrolateral view E palpal femur G epigyne, ventral view. greyish scales, pair of diagonal or rounded white spots at mid-point, some specimens also with single pair of small spots posteriorly. Venter dark grey, spinnerets black. Legs yellow. Epigyne with pair of large, rounded depressions (Figs 4G, 5D). Internal structure as in Fig. 5E. Distribution. Species previously known from the Western Cape in South Af- rica (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023), recorded from the Northern Cape for the first time. Remark. The female of this species is described here for the first time. 136African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 5. Heliocapensis mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986), male (A–C) and female (D, E): A palpal organ, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C palpal femur D epigyne, ventral view E internal structure of epigyne. Heliocapensis redimitus (Simon, 1910) Fig. 6 Heliophanus redimitus Simon, 1910: 216; Wesołowska 1986: 12, figs 10, 11. Heliocapensis redimitus Wesołowska 2024: 85. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♀; Goegap Na- ture Reserve; 29°41'18"S, 17°57'57"E; 16 Jul 2017; R. Booysen leg.; beating shrubs; NCA 2017/1284. Re-description. Female: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 1.7, width 1.2, height 0.6. Abdomen length 2.2, width 1.5. Eye field length 0.7, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.2. General appearance in alcohol as in Fig. 6A. Car- apace dark brown, clothed in whitish hairs and brown bristles, thin white line along lateral edges of carapace, eye field black, reticulate punctured, anteri- or eyes rounded by white scales. Sternum and mouthparts brown. Abdomen brown, covered with dark hairs, with thin white streak along anterior edge, pair of round white stains in middle of abdomen. Venter brownish, spinnerets black. 137African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Legs dark yellow, spines and hairs brown. Epigyne oval, wide and short, with large central depression (Fig. 6B). Copulatory openings placed laterally, at bor- ders of depression, internal structure simple (see fig. 11 in Wesołowska 1986). Distribution. This species was previously known from the type locality, Komaggas (Wesołowska 1986; Haddad and Marusik 2019), approximately 45 km west of this recently collected specimen. This is only the second record of the species. Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986 Figs 3C, F, 7, 8 Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986: 226, figs 819–824. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♀; Namaqua National Park, Skilpad; 30°09.868'S, 17°47.282'E; 730 m a.s.l.; 13 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating shrubs; NCA 2021/759 • 1♂ 3♀; Richtersveld National Park, Halfmens Pass; 28°07.789'S, 16°57.667'E; 235 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021, C. Haddad et al. leg.; open area; NCA 2021/305 • 1♂ 1♀; same collec- tion data as for preceding; NCA 2021/293 • 5♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Jul 2021; NCA 2021/423 • 2♂; Richtersveld National Park, SE of Akkedis Pass; 28°11.123'S, 17°02.543'E; 535 m a.s.l.; 7 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs; NCA 2021/283 • 1♂ same collection data as for preceding; 7 Jul 2021; NCA 2021/501 • 1♂ (together with 5♀ He- liocapensis mirabilis); Richtersveld National Park, Site 3 near Akkedis Pass; 28°07.882'S, 16°59.700'E; 330 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beat- ing, karooid bushes; NCA 2021/47. Re-description. Male: Cephalothorax length 1.5, width 1.3, height 0.8. Ab- domen length 1.6, width 1.3. Eye field length 0.7, anterior and posterior width 1.0. General appearance of live male as in Fig. 3C, F, of male in alcohol Fig. 7A, B. Carapace brown, covered with dense reddish-orange scale-like hairs, white scales on lateral slopes and behind eye field, with long brown bristles near an- terior eyes. Mouthparts and sternum brown. Abdomen also clothed in dense Figure 6. Heliocapensis redimitus (Simon, 1910), female: A general appearance of female, dorsal view B epigyne, ventral view. 138African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 7. Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986, male (A–D) and female (E, F): A, E general appearance, dorsal view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view D same, retrolateral view F epigyne, ventral view. reddish scales, with three narrow white streaks; first along anterior edge, sec- ond at middle and last near abdominal end. Posterior part of abdomen dark brown, without hairs, spinnerets black. Venter of abdomen brown. First pair of legs black, others brown with darker femora. Palps brown, some white scales on cymbium. Palpal organ as in Figs 7C, D, 8A–C, femur with large apophysis. Tibia with two apophyses, one of them very thin (Figs 7C, 8A). Female: Cephalothorax length 1.5, width 1.3, height 0.6. Abdomen length 2.0, width 1.5. Eye field length 0.7, anterior and posterior width 1.0. General appear- ance as in Fig. 7E. Colouration similar to male, body clothed in dense golden orange scale-like hairs. No white scales on dorsum, but present on ventral sur- face of abdomen. Legs yellow. Epigyne with deep large heart-shaped depres- sion (Figs 7F, 8D). Internal structure simple, as in Fig. 8E. Distribution. A species previously only known from Angola (Wesołowska 1986); recorded from South Africa for the first time. 139African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 8. Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986, male (A–C) and female (D, E): A palpal organ, ventral view B same, lateral view C palpal femur D epigyne, ventral view E internal structure of epigyne. Icius insolidus (Wesołowska, 1999) Fig. 9 Menemerus insolidus Wesołowska, 1999: 299, figs 158–161. Icius insolidus Wesołowska 2006: 234, figs 43–52; Haddad and Wesołowska 2011: 75, figs 45–46, 55–56. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♀; Calvinia, Akkerendam Nature Reserve; 31°24.896'S, 19°46.728'E; 1095 m a.s.l.; 16 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, dry river bed; NCA 2021/830 • 1♂; Same locality; 31°24.643'S, 19°46.077'E; 1235 m a.s.l.; 17 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et 140African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa al. leg.; beating shrubs, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/896 • 1♀; Kharkams, Kharkams High School; 30°21.665'S, 17°53.201'E; 735 m a.s.l. ; 5 Jul 2021; C. Haddad leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NMBA 19882 • 1♀; Namaqua National Park, 1.7 km WSW of Skilpad Rest Camp; 30°10.044'S, 17°45.674'E; 575  m a.s.l.; 13 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/795 • 1♂; Namaqua National Park, Koeroebees; 30°08.683'S, 17°42.177'E; 240 m a.s.l.; Apr 2022; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; hand collecting; NMBA 19921 • 1♀; Namaqua National Park, Skilpad Rest Camp; 30°09.802'S, 17°46.671'E; 725 m a.s.l.; 14 Jan 2021; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; hand collecting, at night around houses; NCA 2021/78 • 1♀; Figure 9. Icius insolidus (Wesołowska, 1999), male (A–C) and female (D, E): A, D general appearance, dorsal view B palpal organ, ventral view C same, retrolateral view E epigyne, ventral view. 141African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa near Nigramoep, Skaaprivier Canyon; 29°33.130'S, 17°39.135'E; 690 m a.s.l.; 10 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating shrubs, river bed; NCA 2021/515 • 1♀; Nigramoep Slow Living Guest Farm; 29°31.869'S, 17°35.150'E; 745 m a.s.l.; 9 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, open plain; NCA 2021/532 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.772'S, 17°02.173'E; 600 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; under rocks, west-facing slope; NCA 2021/342 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.673'S, 17°01.863'E; 540 m a.s.l.; 8 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/456 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.577'S, 17°02.069'E; 645 m a.s.l.; 9 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; under rocks, west-facing slope; NCA 2021/489 • 1♀; Tankwa Karoo National Park, Steenkampshoek; 32°16.737'S, 20°09.622'E; 860 m a.s.l.; 19 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/996 • 1♂ 1♀; 12 miles W of Upington; 28°27'S, 21°15'E; 12 Apr 1970; B. Lamoral leg.; NMSA 26500 • Western Cape Province; 1♂; Laingsburg District, Wagendrift Lodge; 33°22.446'S, 20°54.247'E; 580 m a.s.l.; 6 Oct 2015; Z. Mbo leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NCA 2016/2692 • 1♀; Same locality; 33°22.943'S, 20°54.711'E; 530 m a.s.l.; 5 Oct 2015; Z. Mbo leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NCA 2016/2703 • 3♀; Same locality; 33°22.861'S, 20°56.910'E; 520 m a.s.l.; 22 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, under rocks in veld; NCA 2021/134. Description. For description of male, see Wesołowska (2006); for female, see Wesołowska (1999). General appearance of male in alcohol in Fig. 9A, palp in ventral and retrolateral views in Fig. 9B, C, respectively; general habitus of female in Fig. 9D, ventral epigyne in Fig. 9E. Distribution. A common species widespread in South Africa, having been re- corded from all the provinces except the Western Cape (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023), from which it is recorded here for the first time. Icius jacksoni sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/89040F85-2AC6-48BA-9B1D-265D0E26BE93 Figs 10, 11 Material examined. Holotype: South Africa • ♂; Northern Cape Province; Richtersveld National Park, Sendelingsdrift camp; 28°07.494'S, 16°35.454'E; 40 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; hand collecting; NCA 2021/28. Diagnosis. This species has a male palp similar to that of Icius hamatus (C.L. Koch, 1846), but differs in the absence of the anterior lobe of the bulb at the base of the embolus (present in I. hamatus), as well as the notch between the two branches of the apophysis, which is V-shaped in I. jacksoni sp. nov., while U-shaped in I. hamatus (cf. Fig. 10B with fig. 2 in Andreeva et al. 1984). Icius jacksoni (Fig. 10B) also differs by the shape of the tibial apophysis from I. pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 (fig. 61 in Haddad and Wesołowska 2011) and I. minimus Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 from Ethiopia (fig. 73 in Wesołowska and Tomasiewicz 2008). Icius jacksoni sp. nov. is one of the smallest species in the genus. https://zoobank.org/89040F85-2AC6-48BA-9B1D-265D0E26BE93 142African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 10. Icius jacksoni sp. nov., male, holotype: A general appearance, dorsal view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view D same, retrolateral view. Description. Male: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 1.7, width 1.3, height 0.6. Abdomen length 1.3, width 1.1. Eye field length 0.8, anterior width 1.1, posterior width 1.2. General appearance in alcohol as in Fig. 10A, B, dimin- utive spider. Carapace light brown with two darker streaks on thoracic part, eye field black, clothed in white hairs. Anterior median eyes surrounded by white hairs from bottom, clypeus also with white hairs. Mouthparts light brown, ster- num yellow. Abdomen oval, brownish, with two thin white strips laterally, sides brownish with light marks, end of abdomen blackish, venter and spinnerets light yellow. Legs yellow. Palpal organ as in Figs 10C, D, 11A, B, bulb oval, em- bolus short, tibial apophysis wide, with deep V-shaped notch. Female: Unknown. Etymology. This species is named for Robert Jackson, in recognition of his unparalleled contribution to our understanding of jumping spider biology over a career spanning five decades. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. 143African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 11. Icius jacksoni sp. nov., male, holotype: A palpal organ, ventral view B same, lateral view. Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 Figs 12A, B, D, E, 13, 14 Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011: 76, figs 47 and 57–62. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 2♀; Namaqua Na- tional Park, 2.7 km W of Koeroebees; 30°08.683'S, 17°42.177'E; 345 m a.s.l.; 14 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs; NCA 2021/814 • 3♂ 8♀; Tankwa Karoo National Park, Paulshoek; 32°16.556'S, 20°06.626'E; 500 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating shrubs, open plain; NCA 2021/976 • 2♂ 3♀; Tankwa Karoo National Park, Tankwa River; 32°24.598'S, 20°20.215'E; 375 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating shrubs, river bed; NCA 2021/962. Diagnosis of female. The female of this species has an epigyne somewhat similar to that in Icius minimus but has the spermathecae placed parallel to the posterior edge of the epigyne, while in I. minimus they lie obliquely (compare Fig. 14B with fig. 81 in Wesołowska and Tomasiewicz 2008). These species also differ in carapace colour: in I. minimus, white hairs create a cross pattern in the eye field (fig. 78 in Wesołowska and Tomasiewicz 2008), while I. pulchellus has a dark eye field (Fig. 13D–G). 144African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 12. Dorsal habitus (A–C) and anterior view (D–F) of living Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2013 female (A, D) and male (B, E) and Menemerus foordi sp. nov. subadult male (C, F). Figure 13. Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011, male (A–C) and female (D–H): A, D–G general appearance, dorsal view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view H epigyne, ventral view D, E are dark variants of the female and F, G are pale variants. 145African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Description. Male: See Haddad and Wesołowska (2011). General appear- ance of living male as in Fig. 12A, D, in alcohol as in Fig. 13A, B; palpal organ as in Fig. 13C. Female: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 2.0–2.4, width 1.4–1.7, height 0.8–0.9. Abdomen length 2.3–2.7, width 1.6–1.9. Eye field length 0.8–0.9, anterior width 1.1–1.2, posterior width 1.3–1.4. General appearance of living female as in Fig. 12B, E, in alcohol as in Fig. 13D–G. Carapace brown, with lighter median streak on thoracic part, lateral sides dark yellow, eye field black. Dense light grey hairs on carapace, amongst them long brown bristles, more numerous on eye field. Cheli- cerae unidentati, light brown. Sternum, labium and endites yellow. Abdomen ovoid, yellow, with leaf-shaped brownish pattern (Fig. 13D, E). In some specimens, abdo- men light, creamy-yellow (Fig. 13F), sometimes with brownish marks (Fig. 13G). Venter covered with silver spots (translucent guanine). Spinnerets light. Legs yel- low, their hairs faint, spines long, brown. Epigyne short and wide (Figs 13H, 14A). Copulatory openings large, widely separated. Internal structure simple (Fig. 14B), seminal ducts tubuliform, spermathecae elongated, accessory glands present. Distribution. Species previously known only from the Free State Province, recorded from the Northern Cape for the first time based on this material (Dip- penaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Remark. The female of this species is described here for the first time. Menemerus foordi sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/F94D1325-B96D-41DC-8D4E-9D51E8AA8622 Figs 12C, F, 15, 16 Material examined. Holotype: South Africa • ♂; Northern Cape Province; Richtersveld National Park, Kokerboomkloof; 28°18.434'S, 17°17.476'E; 15 Sep 1994; A. Leroy leg.; on grass; NCA 2007/2503. Other material. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1 subadult ♂; Rich- tersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.577'S, 17°02.069'E; 645 m a.s.l.; 9 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; under rocks, west-facing slope; NMBA 19095. Diagnosis. The palpal organ of this species is similar to that of Menemerus lesnei Lessert, 1936 but differs by the presence of a ventral apophysis (absent in M. lesnei), narrower retrolateral apophysis and the shape of the embolus (with small membranous conductor in M. foordi sp. nov., while with a distal lamella in M. lesnei). Compare Fig. 16A with fig. 162 in Wesołowska (1999). Figure 14. Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011, female: A epigyne, ventral view B internal structure of epigyne. https://zoobank.org/F94D1325-B96D-41DC-8D4E-9D51E8AA8622 146African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Figure 15. Menemerus foordi sp. nov., male, holotype: A general appearance of male B palpal organ, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Figure 16. Menemerus foordi sp. nov., male, holotype: A palpal organ, ventral view B same, retrolateral view. Description. Male: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 2.8, width 2.2, height 1.0. Abdomen length 2.8, width 1.7. Eye field length 1.2, anterior width 1.6, posterior width 1.8. General appearance of live subadult male as in Fig. 12C, F, of adult male in alcohol as in Fig. 15A. Carapace dark brown, eye field black, with wide streaks composed of white hairs along lateral margins. Cly- peus with white hairs. Mouthparts dark brown, only tips of endites pale. Ster- num dark brown. Abdomen black, with broad white streaks laterally, venter dark brown, spinnerets black. Legs brown, hairy. Palps dark brown, femur and tibia clothed in white hairs. Palpal tibia with two long apophyses; retrolateral blunt and ventral sharpened (Figs 15B, C, 16A, B). Bulb oval, tegular furrow wide, em- bolus short, with small membranous functional conductor (Figs 15B, 16A). Female: Unknown. 147African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honour of the late Stefan Hen- drik Foord, in recognition of his distinguished career and contributions to the development of arachnology in Africa. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927 Figs 17A, B, D, E, 18, 19 Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927: 60, pl. 2, fig. 45; Wesołowska 1999: 302, figs 171–176. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♂; Richtersveld National Park, near Hand of God; 28°05.874'S, 16°58.736'E; 35 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NCA 2021/64 • 2♀; Rich- tersveld National Park, Research Accommodation; 28°07.122'S, 16°53.480'E; 9 Jul 2021; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; on rocky outcrop, hand collection; NCA 2021/190 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; NCA 2021/168 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; NMBA 19844 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; NMBA 19845. Diagnosis of male. The palpal organ of this species is similar to that of Me- nemerus meridionalis Wesołowska, 1999, as both share a similar shape of the tibia, but it can be distinguished by a more robust ventral apophysis, clearly longer embolus and the shape of retrolateral apophysis, which is triangular in M. lesserti while rounded in M. meridionalis (cf. Fig. 19A, B with fig. 188 in Wesołowska 1999). Figure 17. Dorsal habitus (A–C) and anterior view (D–F) of living Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927 female (A, D) and male (B, E) and Natta triguttata sp. nov. female (C, F). 148African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Description. See Wesołowska (1999) for description of female. Live habitus of female in Fig. 17A, D, of female in alcohol in Fig. 18F, epigyne in Fig. 18G, H. Male: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 2.1, width 1.6, height 0.6. Abdo- men length 2.0, width 1.5. Eye field length 0.9, anterior and posterior width 1.3. General appearance of live male as in Fig. 17B, E, of male in alcohol in Fig. 18A, B, body flattened. Carapace brown, with black eye field. Dense whitish hairs on eye field, amongst them long brown bristles. White hairs form broad streak along lat- eral margins of carapace (Fig. 18A, B). Clypeus low, with white hairs. Mouthparts dark brown, endites with whitish tips. Sternum yellow. Abdomen oval, light, grey- ish, with broad median whitish-yellow serrated streak and light patches laterally. White and brown hairs on abdomen. Venter light, spinnerets grey. Legs yellow, with brownish marks formed by brown hairs. Other leg hairs white, spines brown. Palps brown, femur clothed in white hairs. Tibia with large lobate retrolateral apophysis and spiked ventral apophysis (Figs 18D, E, 19B–D). Embolus straight, accompanied by membranous functional conductor (Figs 18C, 19A). Figure 18. Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927, male (A–E) and female (D–H): A, F general appearance, dorsal view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view of bulb D palpal tibia, ventral view E palpal tibia, patella and femur, retro- lateral view G epigyne, ventral view H same, dorsal view. 149African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Distribution. A species known from Namibia, Zimbabwe and South Africa (Lim- popo and Northern Cape) (Wesołowska 1999; Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Remarks. The male of this species is described here for the first time. It was matched to the female of M. lesserti, based on DNA barcodes of the specimens sequenced (Fig. 2). Menemerus rubicundus Lawrence, 1928 Fig. 20 Menemerus rubicundus Lawrence, 1928: 259, pl. 22, fig. 41; Wesołowska 1999: 329, figs 252–255; Wesołowska and Haddad 2018: 896, figs 65, 96 and 102–106. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♀; Alexander Bay; 28°35'S, 16°29'E; 4 Apr 1988; A. Leroy leg.; hand collection; NCA 88/861. Figure 19. Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1928, male: A palpal organ, ventral view of bulb B, C palpal tibia, ventral view D same, retrolateral view. Figure 20. Menemerus rubicundus Lawrence, 1928, female: A general appearance, dorsal view B epigyne, ventral view. 150African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Description. For male, see in Wesołowska and Haddad (2018); for female, see Wesołowska (1999). General appearance of female in alcohol as in Fig. 20A, epigyne in Fig. 20B. Distribution. A species known from Namibia and South Africa (Free State and Northern Cape) (Wesołowska 1999; Wesołowska and Haddad 2018). Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999 Fig. 21 Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999: 339, figs 284–296; Haddad and Wesołowska 2011: 86, figs 71, 72; Wesołowska and Haddad 2014: 253. Material examined. South Africa • Western Cape Province; 1♀; Tankwa Karoo National Park, Tanqua Guesthouse; 32°23.911'S, 19°50.713'E; 355 m a.s.l.; 19 Jan 2021; C. Haddad & R. Booysen leg.; hand collecting, at night around hous- es; NCA 2021/1020. Description. See Wesołowska (1999) for a description of both sexes. Gener- al appearance of female in alcohol as in Fig. 21A, epigyne in Fig. 21B. Distribution. A species widespread in South Africa, also recorded from Leso- tho (Wesołowska and Haddad 2014; Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Mexcala rufa G. Peckham & E. Peckham, 1902 Mexcala rufa G. Peckham & E. Peckham, 1902: 333; G. Peckham & E. Peckham 1903: 247, pl. 29, fig. 1; Prószyński 1984: figs on p. 83; Wesołowska 2009: 176, figs 95–99. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 2 imm. 1♂; near Nababeep, Jakkalswater Guest Farm; 29°37'S, 17°48'E; 895 m a.s.l.; 23 Aug 2020; P. Webb leg.; NCA 2020/208 • 1♂; Richtersveld National Park, Kokerboomkloof; Figure 21. Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999, female: A general appearance, dorsal view B epigyne, ventral view. 151African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa 28°18.434'S, 17°17.476'E; 15 Sep 2007; A. Leroy leg.; on grass; NCA 2007/25 • Western Cape Province • 2 imm. 1♂; Anysberg Nature Reserve, Road between Vre- de and Allemorgens; 33°28.627'S, 20°31.499'E; 23 Sep 2007; C. Haddad leg.; un- der rocks; NCA 2007/3970 • 2 imm. 2♂; Same locality, Landsekloof; 33°29.493'S, 20°34.078'E; 24 Sep 2007, C. Haddad & R. Lyle leg.; under rocks; NCA 2007/3772 • 1♂ 1♀; Cederberg Tourist Park, Kromrivier, 72 km SSE of Clanwilliam, 32°32'S, 19°17'E; 3100 ft a.s.l.; 1–7 Nov 1985; C. Griswold et al. leg.; with Camponotus ant; NMSA 26403 • 4♀; Laingsburg District, Wagendrift Lodge; 33°22.861'S, 20°56.910'E; 520 m a.s.l.; 22 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; hand collecting, under rocks in veld; NCA 2021/136 • 1♂; Montagu, Les Hauts de Montagu; 33°48.915'S, 20°09.076'E; 360 m a.s.l.; Jul–Dec 2016; W. Jubber leg.; hand collecting; NCA 2017/545 • 1♂; Witteberg Nature Reserve; 33°21.462'S, 20°29.929'E; 905 m a.s.l.; 20 Oct 2015; Z. Mbo leg.; hand collecting, under rocks; NCA 2016/2613. Distribution. A rare species known from Namibia and South Africa (Free State, Limpopo, Northern Cape and Western Cape) (Wesołowska 2009; Haddad 2021; Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Natta chionogastra (Simon, 1901) Cyllobelus chionogaster Simon, 1901a: 541, 549, fig. 665; Simon 1901c: 151; G. Peckham & E. Peckham 1903: 195, pl. 21, fig. 1. Cyllobelus australis G. Peckham & E. Peckham, 1902: 334; G. Peckham & E. Peckham 1903: 194, pl. 21, fig. 2. Natta chionogastra Prószyński 1984: figs on pp. 87–88; Prószyński 1985: 80, figs 39–41, 45, 47; Wesołowska 1993: 19, figs 1–16; Haddad and Wesołows- ka 2011: 89, figs 74, 75. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 1♂; Loxton; 31°28'23"S, 22°21'07"E; 15 Mar 2001; C. Stuart leg.; hand collection; NCA 2010/713 • Western Cape • 2♂ 1♀; Cederberg Mountains, 17 km SE of Algeria; 32°25'S, 19°10'E; 3000 ft a.s.l.; 1 Nov 1985; C. Griswold et al. leg.; fynbos; NMSA 26466. Distribution. Species widely distributed in Africa. Recorded from all the South African provinces (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Natta triguttata sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/C8C35C71-FE03-41A2-B5A7-78C1CE8FB4CB Figs 17C, F, 22, 23 Material examined. Holotype: South Africa • ♂; Northern Cape; Richtersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.577'S, 17°02.069'E; 645 m a.s.l.; 9 Jul 2021, C. Haddad et al. leg.; leaf litter, dry river bed; NCA 2021/499. Paratype: South Africa • 1♀; together with holotype. Diagnosis. The new species differs from congeners in colouration: the pres- ence of a pair of round white spots near the middle of the abdominal dorsum and a single white spot above the spinnerets differs from the other species, which have many orange or yellow spots. The palpal organ is similar to that in Natta horizontalis Karsch, 1979, but can be recognised by the thin, pointed tibial https://zoobank.org/C8C35C71-FE03-41A2-B5A7-78C1CE8FB4CB 152African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa apophysis (Figs 22C, D, 23A, B), whereas it is shorter, wide and truncated in the latter species (Wesołowska 1993: figs 23, 28, 33). The female differs from con- geners by the absence of an epigynal depression (Figs 22F, 23C). Description. Male: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 2.1, width 1.5, height 0.8. Abdomen length 2.0, width 1.5. Eye field length 1.0, anterior width 1.2, pos- terior width 1.3. General appearance in alcohol as in Fig. 22A, B. Carapace black, clothed in dense greyish scales, amongst them some long brown bristles. Some white scales on lateral slopes, same scales form two lines below anterior lateral eyes (Fig. 22B). Chelicerae unidentati. Mouthparts and sternum blackish. Abdo- men black, with pair of white round spots near mid-point and single white spot Figure 22. Natta triguttata sp. nov., holotype male (A–D) and paratype female (E, F): A, E general appearance, dorsolateral view B same, lateral view C palpal organ, ventral view D same, lateral view F epigyne, ventral view. 153African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa at end of abdomen above spinnerets, spinnerets black. Venter black, shining. Legs dark yellow, hairs and spines brown, long sharp bristles on ventral surface of femur I. Palpal organ as in Figs 22C, D, 23A, B, bulb triangular, embolus very short, tip orientated transversely towards retrolateral side, tibial apophysis thin. Female: Measurements: Cephalothorax length 2.2, width 1.5, height 0.9. Ab- domen length 3.1, width 2.3. Eye field length 1.0, anterior width 1.2, posterior width 1.3. General appearance of live female as in Fig. 17C, F, in alcohol as in Fig. 22E. Larger than male, similarly coloured. White streak composed of scales along lateral margins of carapace. Abdomen slightly lighter, brown with black wide median streak in posterior half, white spots as in male. Dorsum of abdo- men covered with transparent scales, venter light brown. Epigyne as in Figs 22B, 23C, with wide posterior pocket, copulatory openings placed centrally, their out- er edges with long sclerotised flange. Internal structure simple, large accessory glands connected to seminal ducts, spermathecae spherical (Fig. 23D). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin tri- (three) and gutta- tus (spotted), referring to the three distinct spots on the abdomen of both sexes. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Remarks. This is the first new species of Natta to be described in more than 120 years. The placement of the species was confirmed through the molecular results (Fig. 2), as well as the consistency in somatic morphology of the new species with N. chionogaster and N. horizontalis, particularly the presence of iridescent scales all over the body (Fig. 18C). Figure 23. Natta triguttata sp. nov., holotype male (A, B) and paratype female (C, D): A palpal organ, ventral view B same, lateral view C epigyne, ventral view D internal structure of epigyne. 154African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Psenuc dependens (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011) Pseudicius dependens Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011: 109, figs 141, 142 and 166–170. Psenuc dependens Prószyński 2016: 23. Material examined. South Africa • Northern Cape Province; 2♀; Nigramoep Slow Living Guest Farm; 29°32.385'S, 17°34.746'E; 765 m a.s.l.; 9 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/637 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Akkedis Pass; 28°10.673'S, 17°01.863'E; 540 m a.s.l.; 8 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, east-facing slope; NCA 2021/457 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, Halfmens Pass; 28°07.789'S, 16°57.667'E; 235 m a.s.l.; 8 Jan 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, open plain; NCA 2021/309 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; NCA 2021/422 • 1♀; Richtersveld National Park, SE of Akkedis Pass; 28°11.123'S, 17°02.543'E; 535 m a.s.l.; 7 Jul 2021; C. Haddad et al. leg.; beating short shrubs, dry river bed; NCA 2021/689. Distribution. Previously recorded from the Free State, Limpopo, Northern Cape and Western Cape Provinces (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 2023), but for the first time from the western parts of the Northern Cape. Discussion This paper presents the results of the first focused treatment of a spider group from the arid western interior of South Africa, based on freshly sam- pled material supplemented by numerous historical museum records. Our survey uncovered three new species and several new provincial and country records from the region, highlighting the poor state of knowledge of jumping spiders in this part of South Africa. This is not surprising, as several stud- ies have emphasised the poor historical collecting effort in this part of the country and the need to focus resources on sampling here to improve knowl- edge of its fauna (Foord et al. 2011; Janion-Scheepers et al. 2016; Dippe- naar-Schoeman et al. 2023). Considering these results, it is plausible that taxonomic studies of other sal- ticid clades will also show how poorly studied its fauna is. For example, of the eight species of Euophryini collected along the transect, only one species (Euophrys leipoldti G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903), is described. Only through a concerted taxonomic effort on Salticidae and other families can the fauna of this region be properly documented, although there is still great poten- tial for intensive sampling in the arid zone to address the massive geographical gaps that persist. Acknowledgements This paper pays tribute to our late colleague Stefan Foord, who was involved in the transect project as the data analyst. Unfortunately, he was unable to see his contribution to this work to completion. We are grateful to Reginald Christiaan, Ruan Booysen, Michael Vickers, Adriaan Stander, Lancelot Malope and Siphephelo Sibisi for assistance in the field and Pheladi Chuene (Nam- 155African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa aqua N.P.), Brent Whittington (Richtersveld N.P.), Kennet Mkhondo (Tankwa Karoo N.P.) and the Louw family (Nigramoep) for allowing us to sample at these sites. Collecting permits were kindly provided by SANParks and the Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation. Vida van der Walt kindly provided her excellent photographs of the live habitus of numerous species treated in this paper. Robin Lyle (NCA), Trudie Peyper (NMBA) and Matabaro Ziganira (NMSA) are thanked for accessioning and/or loaning the specimens included in this study. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding The fieldwork and DNA barcoding were funded through a grant from the National Re- search Foundation of South Africa in the Foundational Biodiversity Information Pro- gramme (#129108). Author contributions Charles Haddad – Field sampling, sorting and processing of material, DNA barcoding tissue preparation and data recording, microscope photography, wrote part of manu- script, edited final manuscript. Wanda Wesołowska – Descriptions, illustrations, micro- scope photography, preparation of figure plates. Author ORCIDs Charles Richard Haddad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-7760 Wanda Wesołowska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-1058 Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text or Supplementary Information. 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Summary of Chrysillini specimens from western South Africa for which DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) have been generated (indicated with *), with additional Chrysillini from South Africa and Massagris honesta Wesołowska, 1993 (Hisponinae) as the outgroup used for the molecular analysis. All sequences are included in the SPI- ZA project on BOLD (Barcode of Life Data Systems). The Heliocapensis mirabilis specimen marked with a dash did not sequence successfully. Species Sex BOLD Sample ID Locality Depository Length Afraflacilla karinae ♂ SPIZA1444-23 *Namaqua NMBA 18564 657 bp Afraflacilla venustula ♂ SPIZA1421-21 Ndumo NCA 2021/1221 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1422-21 Ndumo NCA 2021/1221 658 bp Helafricanus bisulcus ♀ SPIZA1566-23 Kleinmond NMBA 18781 657 bp Helafricanus debilis ♂ SPIZA1531-23 Amanzi NMBA 18732 657 bp Helafricanus demonstrativus ♂ SPIZA1364-21 Pietermaritzburg NCA 2021/1120 658 bp Helafricanus fascinatus ♂ SPIZA1411-21 Coopersdal NCA 2021/1211 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1544-23 Bloemfontein NMBA 18759 657 bp Helafricanus modicus ♀ SPIZA722-21 *Wagendrift NCA 2021/148 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1265-21 Queenstown NCA 2021/1036 658 bp Helafricanus nanus ♀ SPIZA1315-21 Wepener NCA 2021/1073 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1548-23 Bloemfontein NMBA 18762 657 bp Helafricanus patellaris ♂ SPIZA721-21 *Wagendrift NCA 2021/148 658 bp Helafricanus pistaciae ♂ SPIZA1549-23 Bloemfontein NMBA 18763 657 bp ♀ SPIZA1552-23 Bloemfontein NMBA 18768 657 bp Helafricanus trepidus ♀ SPIZA1267-21 Queenstown NCA 2021/1037 658 bp Heliocapensis charlesi  ♂ SPIZA1472-23 Witsand NMBA 18614 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1473-23 Witsand NMBA 18614 658 bp Heliocapensis deserticola ♀ SPIZA1425-21 *Nababeep NCA 2021/1224 658 bp Heliocapensis maluti ♂ SPIZA1014-21 *Namaqua NCA 2021/740 658 bp Heliocapensis mirabilis ♀ SPIZA485-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/34 599 bp ♀ SPIZA501-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/47 639 bp ♀ SPIZA777-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/279 658 bp ♂ SPIZA778-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/280 – Heliophanus deformis ♀ SPIZA502-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/47 658 bp ♀ SPIZA786-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/293 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1031-21 *Namaqua NCA 2021/759 658 bp Heliophanus gramineus ♂ SPIZA1802-23 Jonkershoek NMBA 18891 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1887-23 Betty’s Bay NMBA 18934 658 bp Heliophanus pygmaeus ♂ SPIZA1346-21 Ndumo NCA 2021/1103 658 bp Icius insolidus ♀ SPIZA1086-21 *Akkerendam NCA 2021/830 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1226-21 *Tankwa NCA 2021/996 631 bp ♀ SPIZA538-21 *Namaqua NCA 2021/78 658 bp ♀ SPIZA702-21 *Wagendrift NCA 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http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1193-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1194-21 159African Invertebrates 65(2): 127–159 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083 Charles Richard Haddad & Wanda Wesołowska: Chrysillini from western South Africa Species Sex BOLD Sample ID Locality Depository Length Massagris honesta ♀ SPIZA1678-21 Hermanus NMBA 19027 657 bp Mememerus sp. cf. minshullae ♀ SPIZA1406-21 Ukwela NCA 2021/1207 658 bp Menemerus foordi sp. nov. s/a ♂ SPIZA2148-24 *Richtersveld NMBA 19095 658 bp Menemerus lesserti ♂ SPIZA521-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/64 658 bp ♀ SPIZA748-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/168 632 bp ♂ SPIZA521-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/64 658 bp Menemerus rubicundus ♀ SPIZA494-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/42 658 bp Menemerus transvaalicus ♀ SPIZA1244-21 *Tankwa NCA 2021/1020 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1268-21 Queenstown NCA 2021/1038 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1513-23 Rhodes NMBA 18706 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1594-23 Wepener NMBA 18805 657 bp ♂ SPIZA1595-23 Wepener NMBA 18805 657 bp Mexcala elegans ♀ SPIZA1370-21 Richard’s Bay NCA 2021/1127 658 bp Mexcala rufa ♀ SPIZA704-21 *Wagendrift NCA 2021/136 658 bp ♀ SPIZA705-21 *Wagendrift NCA 2021/136 658 bp ♀ SPIZA706-21 *Wagendrift NCA 2021/136 658 bp Natta chionogaster ♀ SPIZA1519-23 Bankfontein NMBA 18710 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1580-23 Amanzi NMBA 18794 657 bp Natta horizontalis ♀ SPIZA1354-21 Ukwela NCA 2021/1111 658 bp ♂ SPIZA1423-21 Ndumo NCA 2021/1222 658 bp Natta triguttata sp. nov. ♀ SPIZA971-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/499 658 bp ♂ SPIZA972-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/499 658 bp Phintella australis ♂ SPIZA1514-23 Cradock NMBA 18707 658 bp Pseudicius dentatus ♂ SPIZA1415-21 Nelspruit NCA 2021/1215 658 bp ♀ SPIZA1420-21 Komatipoort NCA 2021/1220 658 bp Pseudicius matabelensis ♂ SPIZA1444-21 *Namaqua NMBA 18564 658 bp  Psenuc dependens ♀ SPIZA793-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/309 658 bp ♀ SPIZA942-21 *Nigramoep NCA 2021/637 658 bp ♀ SPIZA977-21 *Richtersveld NCA 2021/689 658 bp  Trapezocephalus orchesta ♀ SPIZA1417-21 Nelspruit NCA 2021/1217 658 bp Supplementary material 1 Details of collecting data of Chrysillini jumping spiders from western South Africa Authors: Charles Richard Haddad, Wanda Wesołowska Data type: xlsx Explanation note: This spreadsheet contains all of the specimen data presented in the main document text. Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083.suppl1 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1678-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1406-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA2148-24 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA521-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA748-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA521-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA494-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1244-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1268-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1513-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1594-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1595-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1370-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA704-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA705-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA706-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1519-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1580-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1354-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1423-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA971-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA972-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1514-23 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1415-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1420-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1444-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA793-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA942-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA977-21 http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SPIZA1417-21 http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/ https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.65.136083.suppl1 On some new and poorly-known Chrysillini from arid western South Africa (Araneae, Salticidae) Abstract Introduction Material and methods Morphology Molecular analysis Phylogenetics Taxonomy Family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 Afraflacilla matabelensis (Wesołowska, 2011), comb. nov. Helafricanus modicus (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903) Helafricanus patellaris (Simon, 1901) Heliocapensis capensis (Wesołowska, 1986) Heliocapensis deserticola (Simon, 1901) Heliocapensis maluti (Wesołowska & Haddad, 2014) Heliocapensis mirabilis (Wesołowska, 1986) Heliocapensis redimitus (Simon, 1910) Heliophanus deformis Wesołowska, 1986 Icius insolidus (Wesołowska, 1999) Icius jacksoni sp. nov. Icius pulchellus Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 Menemerus foordi sp. nov. Menemerus lesserti Lawrence, 1927 Menemerus rubicundus Lawrence, 1928 Menemerus transvaalicus Wesołowska, 1999 Mexcala rufa G. Peckham & E. Peckham, 1902 Natta chionogastra (Simon, 1901) Natta triguttata sp. nov. Psenuc dependens (Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011) Discussion Acknowledgements Additional information References Appendix 1