Quality prediction and improvement in Lesotho commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars
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Date
2005
Authors
Morojele, Motlatsi Eric
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: • The objectives of this study were to characterize wheat cultivars grown in Lesotho according to
their glutenin and gliadin banding patterns with the use of SOS-PAGE, estimate GCA, SCA,
h2, heterosis and correlation of wheat quality traits by crossing poor, medium and good
breadmaking qualities in a full diallel design to create F 1 and F2 progeny, and determine the
potential of SE-HPLC in predicting quality of wheat cultivars.
• Glutenin and gliadin proteins were separated using SOS-PAGE. Cultivars used for estimating
combining ability were grown in pots and crossed in the greenhouse at Bloemfontein. The F 1
progeny were grown in Lesotho and Bloemfontein while the F2 progeny were grown in
Bloemfontein. Protein extracted from the wheat flour of all this material were analysed by SEHPLC.
• Seven wheat quality characteristics were analysed at the Agricultural Research Council,
Bethlehem for parents, F1 and F2 progeny.
• Analysis of variance and correlations were employed as statistical tools to analyse the data
generated from storage protein, combining ability trials and SE-HPLC.
• Results revealed that gliadins and LMW-GS were able to distinguish 30 cultivars of wheat
grown in Lesotho, while HMW-GS enabled cultivars to be grouped.
• The ANO VA indcated significant differences between parents and F 1 progeny and parents and
F 2 progeny for all characteristics studied. The mean squares for GCA, SCA and reciprocals
were significant for all measured characteristics in the F 1 generation, while in the F 2, the mean
squares for GCA were significant for all but one characterisics. Mean squares for SCA and
reciprocals were significant for all characteristics in the F2 generation.
• To improve or enhance quality, Wanda, SST 124 and Sceptre could be incorporated into the
breeding programme. Crosses such as Sceptre x Kariega, SST 124 x Nata, Wanda x Nata,
Sceptre x Wanda, Kariega x Wanda, Kariega x Sceptre, SST 124 x Sceptre, Wanda x SST 124,
Nata x Kariega and Nata x SST 124 should also be incorporated into the programme.
• F 1 progeny showed non-additive gene action in all characteristics while F2 progeny showed
four characteristics to be controlled by non-additive gene action while the others were
controlled by additive gene action.
• Heritability in the broad sense was high for all characteristics in the F 1 and F2 progeny, whereas
heritability in the narrow sense was higher for F2thanF1 progeny.
• Midparent heterosis and best parent heterosis was expressed in four characteristics.
• Highly significantly positive and negative correlations were observed between quality
characteristics in F1 and F2 progeny.
• Results ofSE-HPLC showed that large polymeric and large monomeric proteins can be used as
predictors of good and poor quality respectively, in the parents and F 1 and F2 progeny.
Afrikaans: • Die doe! van hierdie studie was om koring cultivars wat in Lesotho verbou word volgens hulle glutenien en gliadien bandpatrone te karakteriseer met SDS-PAGE, en om GCA, SCA, h 2 , heterose and korrelasie van kwaliteits eienskape te bepaal deur swak, medium en goeie kwaliteit koring cultivars in 'n vol dialleel te kruis om F 1 en F2 nageslag te genereer, en om die potensiaal van SE-HPLC vir die voorspelling van kwaliteit te bepaal. • Glutenien en gliadien proteYene is met die gebruik van SDS-PAGE geskei. Cultivars wat gebruik is om kombineerverrnoe te bepaal, is in potte in die glashuis by Bloemfontein geplant. Die F 1 nageslag is in Lesotho en Bloemfontein geplant, en die F2 nageslag is in Bloemfontein geplant. ProteYene is van al hierdie material geekstraheer en met SE-HPLC geanaliseer. • Sewe kwaliteits eienskappe is by die Landbou Navorsings Raad, Bethlehem geanaliseer vir ouers, F 1 en F2 nageslag. • Variansie analise en korrelasies is as statistiese metodes gebruik om data te analiseer wat is vanaf storings protei"ene, kombineer verrnoe proewe en SE-HPLC gegenereer. • Die resultate het aangedui dat gliadiene en LMW-GS tussen 30 koring cultivars wat in Lesotho verbou word kon onderskei. • Die ANO VA het betekenisvolle verskille tussen ouers en F 1 nageslag, en ouers en F2 nageslag vir gemeette eienskappe aangetoon. Die gemiddelde kwadrate vir GCA, SCA en resiproke was betekenisvol vir alle eienskappe in die F 1 generasie, terwyl die gemiddelde kwadrate in die F2 generasie betekenisvol vir GCA was vir alle eienskappe behalwe een. Gemiddelde kwaldrate was in die F2 betekenisvol vir die SCA en resiproke vir alle eienskappe. • Om kwaliteit te verbeter kan Wanda, SST 124 en Sceptre in die teelprogram ingesluit word.Kruisings soos Sceptre x Kariega, SST 124 x Nata, Wanda xNata, Sceptre x Wanda, Kariegax Wanda, Kariega x Sceptre, SST 124 x Sceptre, Wandax SST 124, Natax Kariega and Natax SST 124 kan ook in die teelprograrn ingesluit word. • F 1 nageslag het nie-additiewe geen aksie vir alle eienskappe getoon, terwyl vier eienskappe in die F2 nageslag deur nie-additiewe geen aksie bepaal is. Die antler eienskappe is deur additiewe geen aksie bepaal. • Oorerflikheid in die bree sin was hoog vir alle eienskappe in die F 1 en F 2 nageslag, terwyl nou sin oorerflikheid hoer in die F2 nageslag as die F1 nageslag was. • Mid-ouer en hoogste ouer heterose is vir vier eienskappe uitgedruk. • Hoogs betekenisvolle positiewe en negatiewe korelasies is tussen kwaliteits eienskappe in die F 1 en F 2 nageslag gesien. • Die resultate van SE-HPLC het getoon dat groot polimeriese en monomeriese protelene as voorspellers van goeie en swak kwaliteit gebruik kan word onderskeidelik in die ouers en die F 1 en F2 nageslagte.
Afrikaans: • Die doe! van hierdie studie was om koring cultivars wat in Lesotho verbou word volgens hulle glutenien en gliadien bandpatrone te karakteriseer met SDS-PAGE, en om GCA, SCA, h 2 , heterose and korrelasie van kwaliteits eienskape te bepaal deur swak, medium en goeie kwaliteit koring cultivars in 'n vol dialleel te kruis om F 1 en F2 nageslag te genereer, en om die potensiaal van SE-HPLC vir die voorspelling van kwaliteit te bepaal. • Glutenien en gliadien proteYene is met die gebruik van SDS-PAGE geskei. Cultivars wat gebruik is om kombineerverrnoe te bepaal, is in potte in die glashuis by Bloemfontein geplant. Die F 1 nageslag is in Lesotho en Bloemfontein geplant, en die F2 nageslag is in Bloemfontein geplant. ProteYene is van al hierdie material geekstraheer en met SE-HPLC geanaliseer. • Sewe kwaliteits eienskappe is by die Landbou Navorsings Raad, Bethlehem geanaliseer vir ouers, F 1 en F2 nageslag. • Variansie analise en korrelasies is as statistiese metodes gebruik om data te analiseer wat is vanaf storings protei"ene, kombineer verrnoe proewe en SE-HPLC gegenereer. • Die resultate het aangedui dat gliadiene en LMW-GS tussen 30 koring cultivars wat in Lesotho verbou word kon onderskei. • Die ANO VA het betekenisvolle verskille tussen ouers en F 1 nageslag, en ouers en F2 nageslag vir gemeette eienskappe aangetoon. Die gemiddelde kwadrate vir GCA, SCA en resiproke was betekenisvol vir alle eienskappe in die F 1 generasie, terwyl die gemiddelde kwadrate in die F2 generasie betekenisvol vir GCA was vir alle eienskappe behalwe een. Gemiddelde kwaldrate was in die F2 betekenisvol vir die SCA en resiproke vir alle eienskappe. • Om kwaliteit te verbeter kan Wanda, SST 124 en Sceptre in die teelprogram ingesluit word.Kruisings soos Sceptre x Kariega, SST 124 x Nata, Wanda xNata, Sceptre x Wanda, Kariegax Wanda, Kariega x Sceptre, SST 124 x Sceptre, Wandax SST 124, Natax Kariega and Natax SST 124 kan ook in die teelprograrn ingesluit word. • F 1 nageslag het nie-additiewe geen aksie vir alle eienskappe getoon, terwyl vier eienskappe in die F2 nageslag deur nie-additiewe geen aksie bepaal is. Die antler eienskappe is deur additiewe geen aksie bepaal. • Oorerflikheid in die bree sin was hoog vir alle eienskappe in die F 1 en F 2 nageslag, terwyl nou sin oorerflikheid hoer in die F2 nageslag as die F1 nageslag was. • Mid-ouer en hoogste ouer heterose is vir vier eienskappe uitgedruk. • Hoogs betekenisvolle positiewe en negatiewe korelasies is tussen kwaliteits eienskappe in die F 1 en F 2 nageslag gesien. • Die resultate van SE-HPLC het getoon dat groot polimeriese en monomeriese protelene as voorspellers van goeie en swak kwaliteit gebruik kan word onderskeidelik in die ouers en die F 1 en F2 nageslagte.
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Keywords
Wheat -- Genetic aspects, Wheat -- Breeding -- Lesotho, Wheat -- Quality, Thesis (Ph.D. (Plant Sciences: Plant Breeding))--University of the Free State, 2005