Facing up to reality? NEPAD and the challenge of globalisation

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Date
2004
Authors
Hokwana, Anele
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: The study deals with the role of the New Partnership for Africa's Development in launching Africa's political and economic revitalisation in the twenty-first century. The world entered the new millennium in the midst of a global economic revolution characterised by a wider acceptance of the liberal economic free-market system and a growing interdependence among states and markets. This redoubled the integration of national and regional systems of production and finance, causing growth in across-border flows of goods. Globalisation also intensified the trend of democratic governance and the need for regional co-operation and integration. However, the distribution of benefits and the contributions of the various states and regions show imbalances. On the one hand, economic globalisation has increased opportunities of especially the developed states and regions to expand access to goods and services, to broaden wealth, to acquire knowledge and skills, and improve the stsandard of living. On the other hand Africa has been dragging its feet as a result of bad governance and the failure of political and economic leadership, staggering debt and perennial underdevelopment. Consequently, the continent has been marginalised from the international political and economic mainstream. The study aims to describe the aspects of Africa's underdevelopment that threaten the political and economic stability of the international political economy and to analyse and evaluate the New Partnership for Africa's Development plan within the context of globalisation by highlighting the links between democracy and good governance, legitimacy and political stability on the one hand, and economic growth, development, foreign direct investment and partnerships on the other hand. The so-called "NEPAD document" or strategic plan is used as the framework for an explanation of concepts and theoretical contexts against which the problems of underdevelopment, legitimacy, equal partners in international relations and the revitalisation of the African continent in a rapidly changing global environment should be viewed. In order to reach this stage, however, African states need to accept and implement the principles endorsed by the NEPAD plan. This implies that Africa must firstly; comprehend the nature of the continents' marginalisationin international political economy and constant underdevelopment stemming partly from the European colonial era and partly from the post-independence era. Secondly, revitalise political governance in Africa by institutionalising democracy and good governance from grass root level and collectively and individually improve political regional integration mainly through the Africa Union. Thirdly, strengthen regional economic integration by means of intra-trade, investments,, and united bargaining at international level such as the World Trade Organisation to promote economic development and the eradication of poverty mainly through the implementation of common economic liberalisation policies especially privatisation of state entities. Finally, African state should have their government's performance scrutinised by the African Peer Review Mechanism in order to strengthen their democracies and good governance, thereby attracting foreign direct investments. The study emphasises that the New Partnership for Africa's Development, is a unique and novel long-term strategic plan devised and endorsed by the African heads of state to squarely and proactively face up to the challenges of African development. In conclusion, it affirms the strategic role that the New Partnership for Africa's Development has to play in reintegrating Africa into the global political economy of the twenty-first century.
Afrikaans: Die studie handel oor die rol wat NEPAD - die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling - te speel het in die politieke en ekonomiese hervitalisering van Afrika in die een-en-twintigste eeu. Die wêreld het die nuwe millennium betree te midde van 'n wêreldwye ekonomiese omwenteling wat gekenmerk word deur die breër aanvaarding van die liberaal-ekonomiese vryemarkstelsel en 'n toenemende interafhanklikheid van state en markte. Dit het die integrasie van nasionale en regionale produksie- en finansieringstelsels versnel en 'n toename in die oorgrensvloei van goedere meegebring. Globalisering het ook die neiging tot demokratiese regering en die behoefte aan streeksamewerking en -integrasie verhoog. Die distribusie van voordele en die bydraes van die onderskeie state vertoon egter wanbalanse. Enersyds het globalisering geleenthede verbeter van veral die ontwikkelde lande om groter toegang tot goedere en dienste te verkry, om rykdom te vermeerder, om kennis en vaardighede te verwerf en algemene lewenstandaarde te verhoog. Andersyds, het Afrika voete gesleep weens swak regering en die mislukking van politieke en ekonomiese leierskap, sy verbysterende skuldlas en voortgesette onderontwikkeling. Gevolglik is die kontinent uit die internasionale politieke en ekonomiese hoofstroom gemarginaliseer. Die studie wil die aspekte van Afrika se onderontwikkeling wat die internasionale politieke en ekonomiese stabiliteit bedreig, beskrywe, en die rol wat die NEPAD-plan kan speel om die skakel tussen demokrasie en goeie regering, legitimiteit en politieke stabiliteit enersyds, en ekonomiese groei, ontwikkeling, buitelandse direkte investering en die vennootskapsbeginsel andersyds, krities te ontleed en te evalueer. Die sg. "NEPAD-dokument" of strategiese plan, word as raamwerk gebruik vir 'n verklaring van konsepte, uitgangspunte en teoretiese kontekste waarteen die probleme van legitimiteit, gelyke vennootskappe in internasionale verhoudinge en die hervitalisering van die Afrika-kontinent in 'n snel veranderende globale milieu beskou moet word. Ten einde hierdie stadium te bereik, moes die Afrika-state egter eers die beginsels aanvaar en implementeer wat deur die NEPAD-plan onderskrywe is. Dit impliseer eerstens, dat die aard van die kontnent se marginalisering in die internasionale politieke ekonomie wat deels uit die koloniale nalatenskap en deels uit die wyse waarop Afrika self met sy probleme in die na-onafhanklikheidsera omgegaan het, geïdentifiseer sal word. Tweedens, dat politieke owerheidsbestuur gehervitaliseer moet word deur die institusionalisering van demokrasie en goeie regering van voetsoolvalk af, asook deur die politieke, regionale integrasie, beide kollektief en individueel deur hoofsaaklik die Afrika-unie. Derdens, dat regionale ekkonomiese integrasie bevorder sal word deur onderlinge handel, investering en gesamentlike bedinging op internasionale vlak deur o.m. die Wêreldhandelorganisasie. Dit veronderstel ook die bevordering van ekonomiese ontwikkeling en die uitwissing van armoede hoofsaaklik deur die implementering van 'n gemeenskaplike ekonomiese liberaliseringsbeleid, in besonder met betrekking tot die privatisering van staatsentiteite. Ten laaste, sluit dit ook in dat Afrika-state hul regeringswelslae aan skrutinering deur die portuurevalueringsmeganisme sal onderwerp ten einde die beginsel van die demokrasie en goeie regering te versterk en buitelandse beleggings te lok. Die studie beklemtoon dat die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling 'n unieke, langtermyn strategiese plan behels, ontwerp en onderskryf deur Afrika-staatslui self, om die vraagstukke rakende Afrika se ontwikkeling reguit en proaktief aan te vat. Ten slotte, herbevestig dit die strategiese rol wat NEPAD kan vervul ten opsigte van Afrika se herintegrasie in die globale politiek-ekonomiese sisteem van die een-en-twintigste eeu.
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African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), Democracy, Development, Globalisation, New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), Partnerships, Regionalisation, Africa -- Economic policy, Economic development projects -- Africa, Africa -- Economic conditions, 1960-, Dissertation (M.A. (Political Science))--University of the Free State, 2004
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