Pastoraat aan adolessente wat by okkultiese subkulture betrokke is - 'n pastoraal terapeutiese benadering

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Date
2003
Authors
Cilliers, Johannes Hendrik Jordaan
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Pastoral therapy is placed within the context of post modernity. Pastoral therapy for occult troubled adolescents can take place only if the Bible is the point of departure. The implication of this is that the therapeutic model is structured within a diaconiological epistemology. This implies a critical stance towards Practical Theology as well as postmodern epistemological therapies. It also means that the use of certain therapeutic strategies must comply with the diaconiological epistemology as point of departure. Pastoral theology must never become secular. The postmodern critique on modernism is plausible but the negative influence of the New Age movement on postmodernism must be emphasized. Qualified postmodernism is however, maintained. The pastoral therapy may use postmodern strategies without accepting assumptions such as relativism. The epistemology of the diaconiological approach, with the Bible as point of departure, is accepted rather than Practical Theology. For this reason the poimenetic models and postmodern epistemologies may be used for pastoral therapy provided the reformed aspects of Biblical truth, covenant orientation and redemption occupy center stage. The research methodology has looked at the pastoral therapy of occult troubled adolescents by means of a reformed dogma. The semantic clarification assists the therapist to eliminate misunderstandings regarding problems in the field of occult related phenomena. It is necessary for the therapist to establish the nature of his or her client's involvement in occultism. Clients may sometimes feel bound because of a certain psychopathological problem. The pastoral therapist has the responsibility to discern these symptoms from occult manifestations by means of a process of elimination. Therefore the therapeutic process may have a different approach. It won't help using conventional pastoral strategies. Rather a pastoral process of proclaiming the Gospel message in conjunction with a ministry of deliverance must be undertaken when symptoms of occult manifestations are diagnosed. If drug abuse is prevalent in the client, he or she needs to be rehabilitated while the therapist is included in the multi-professional team. The therapist must take note of the scope of adolescence as well as the pastoral therapeutic markers for adolescent personality and behaviour. The therapist must acquire a working knowledge of delinquency, peer groups and subcultures. The elements of an occult subculture have been distinguished. In the phenomenological study reasons for involvement with occult subcultures have been established. In general the findings of the media search had the same correlation with the findings of the phenomenological study. Mention was made of cases where the pastoral intervention had no success. The profiles of adolescents who can be helped involve those who commit themselves to both a spiritual growth programme and pastoral therapy. The multi-professional approach is part of this commitment. The insights of the semantic discussion and both the nature of adolescence and subcultures as well as the research results of the empirical study, pastoral therapy may use the theoretical results in the basis theory to minister to the occult troubled adolescent. In the use of the poimenetic principles the therapist must take particular note of psychopathology and anxiety disorders. Especially post-traumatic stress disorder is to be highlighted. Therefore the pastoral therapeutic intervention towards occult troubled adolescents needs to incorporate trauma counselling. The guidelines for therapists concerning survivors of sexual abuse must be incorporated within the pastoral therapeutic framework. In conclusion the pastoral process must be highlighted for adolescents who were trafficking in occult subcultures.
Afrikaans: Pastorale terapie word binne die konteks van postmoderniteit geplaas. Pastorale terapie aan okkulties gekweldes kan plaasvind waar die Woord van God die vertrekpunt en ook rigtinggewend is. Die implikasie hiervan is dat die terapeutiese model rondom ‘n Diakoniologiese epistemologie gestruktureer is. Dit beteken ‘n genuanseerde en kritiese omgaan met die Praktiese Teologie en die postmodernistiese epistemologiese terapieë. Dit veronderstel die gebruikmaking van bepaalde terapeutiese strategieë met inagneming van die Diakoniologiese epistemologie as uitgangspunt. Die pastorale teologie mag nooit sekulariseer nie. Tog kan die postmoderne kritiek op die modernisme aanvaar word, alhoewel die negatiewe invloed van die Nuwe Era-beweging op die postmodernisme uitgelig moet word. ‘n Standpunt van gekwalifiseerde postmodernisme word gehandhaaf. Vir die pastorale terapie impliseer dit dat sekere postmoderne strategieë in die terapie benut kan word, sonder om postmodernistiese aannames soos relativisme in die pastorale terapie toe te pas. Wat die epistemologie betref, word die Diakoniologiese benadering met die Skrif as vertrekpunt teen oor die handelswetenskaplike benadering in die Praktiese Teologie gehandhaaf. Daarom kan poimenetiese modelle en postmodernistiese epistemologieë in die pastorale terapie aangewend word solank as wat die gereformeerde aspekte van Skrifgefundeerdheid, verbondsgerigtheid en heilsgeoriënteerdheid daarin na vore kom. Die navorsingsmetodologie het die pastorale terapie aan okkulties gekwelde adolessente ondersoek op grond van ‘n gereformeerde dogmatiek. Die semantiese opheldering help die terapeut om op ‘n genuanseerde wyse met die problematiek van okkulties gekwelde adolessente om te gaan. Dit is vir die terapeut nodig om te kan vasstel wat die aard van sy of haar kliënt se okkultiese gekweldheid is. Kliënte voel soms “gebind” omdat hulle nie ‘n bepaalde psigopatologie te bowe kan kom nie. Die pastorale terapeut het die verantwoordelikheid om hierdie aspekte van okkultiese gekweldheid te onderskei deur middel van ‘n proses waardeur ander verklaringsmoontlikhede geëlimineer word. Die terapeutiese proses lyk aan vanklik anders. Dit gaan nie help om pastorale strategieë te gebruik om met die kliënt te werk nie. ‘n Pastorale proses van heilsverkondiging en bevryding kan eers plaasvind nadat simptome van okkultiese gekweldheid bo alle twyfel vagestel is. Indien die kliënt substansafhanklik is, sou hy of sy eers gerehabiliteer moet word en die pastorale terapeut moet dan binne multi- professionele spanverband inskakel. Die terapeut moet kennis neem van die aard van adolessensie asook die pastoraal terapeutiese merkers van adolessente persoonlikheid en gedrag. Die terapeut moet hom- of haarself vergewis van jeugmisdaad, portuurgroepe en subkulture. Die elemente van okkultiese subkulture word onderskei. In die fenomenologiese studie in hoofstuk 4 is redes vir betrokkenheid by okkultiese subkulture uitgelig. Oor die algemeen het die resultate van die media-ondersoek statisties met dié bevindinge gekorreleer.Daar is melding gemaak van gevalle waar die pastorale intervensie nie suksesvol was nie. Die profiel van adolessente wat wel gehelp kan word, is dié wat bereid is om beide die geestelike groeiprogram en die pastorale terapie te voltooi. Onderliggend aan hierdie proses is die samewerking van die multi-professionele span. Met die insigte van die semantiese diskoers van hoofstuk 2, die insigte oor die aard van adolessensie en subkulture in hoofstuk 3 en die navorsingsresultate van die empiriese studie, kan die pastorale terapie die basisteoretiese resultate (hoofstuk 5) gebruik om die okkulties gekwelde te begelei. In die gebruikmaking van die poimenetiese beginsels moet die terapeut kennis neem van die psigopatologie en veral angsversteurings. Wat laasgenoemde versteurings betref, is dit veral die posttraumatiesestresversteuring waarop daar gelet moet word. Daarom moet die pastorale terapie aan okkulties gekwelde adolessente ook traumaberading insluit. Die riglyne vir terapeute wat met getraumatiseerde adolessente werk wat slagoffers van seksuele misbruik was, moet in die pastorale terapie verreken word. Ten slotte moet die pastorale proses van terapie vir adolessente wat by okkultiese subkulture betrokke was, gevolg word.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Practical Theology))--University of the Free State, 2003, Church work with teenagers, Problem youth -- Pastoral counseling of, Pastoral psychology, Pastoral counselling, Praktiese teologie, Diaconiological, Occult subcultures, Satanism, Adolescents, Counselling, Deliverance, Spiritual warfare, Demon posession
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