Genotypic response and heritability of Fusarium oxysporum resistance in tomato
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Date
2003-11
Authors
Venter, Charl Albertse
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: This study reviewed principal aspects relating to Fusarium wilt race 2 resistance
in tomatoes, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici. The
classification and life cycle of Fusarium wilt, the symptomatology, disease
assessment and host-pathogen interaction was reviewed. Different methods of
disease management were investigated, with emphasis on genetic control.
Twelve inbred tomato cultivars grown in South Africa were screened for
resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici race 2. Percentage resistant
plants, and disease progress were monitored over intervals of 30 and 60 days
respectively. Significant differences were found between cultivars for percentage
resistant plants for both intervals as well as for disease progress. Five cultivars,
Floradade, Rodade, Heinz 1370, Traffic Jam and Sixpack were associated with
resistance after 60 days screening, while Rossol, Oxheart, Red Kaki and Roma
were found to be highly susceptible after 60 days. The cultivar x day interaction
was significant for the percentage resistant plants.
Fusarium wilt resistance was then studied in six of the inbred tomato cultivars
viz., Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade and Heinz 1370 and
their F1-hybrids. Percentage resistant seedlings for each cultivar and their F1-
hybrids were determined after 30 and 60 days assessment. Disease progress
was also calculated. Variance analysis indicated significant genotype x day
interaction for Fusarium wilt. Significant differences were found between entries
after 30 and 60-days assessments as well as for disease progress. The best
Fusarium wilt resistance was found in the cultivars Moneymaker, Rodade and
Flora Dade. Moneymaker also had the best disease progress. Disease progress
in five of the crosses Flo x Man, Flo x Ros, Rad x Ros and Man x Ros were
less than 10%. Disease progress in the F1-hybrids were significantly lower than
in the inbred lines, which emphasis the efficiency of tomato hybrids to reduce the
levels of Fusarium wilt in tomato.
Another objective of this study was to determine the combining ability and
heritability of Fusarium wilt resistance in tomato. Six inbred tomato cultivars
Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade and Heinz 1370 were
crossed in a diallelic manner to produce 15 F1-hybrids. Assessment for Fusarium
wilt resistance was done after 30 and 60 days and for disease progress.
Significant differences were found for GCA- and SCA- effects. The GCA: SCA
ratio's for 30 and 60 days assessments indicating both additive and non-additive
gene actions. Disease progress was mainly controlled by dominant effects. The
narrow sense heritabilities for Fusarium wilt resistance were respectively 12%
and 8% after 30 and 60 days assessments. Significant levels of heterosis were
observed in crosses for Fusarium wilt resistance. The cultivar Heinz 1370 had
the largest GCA-effect while the cross Rod x Ross possessed the largest SCA-effect.
PCR technology with specific DNA primers and tomato leave cDNA was used to
investigate the presence of different single genes in six local tomato cultivars.
These cultivars included Flora Dade, Rodade, Moneymaker, Heinz 1370, Rossol
and Red Kaki. The presence of the single genes 12C1, 12C2, 12, 12C3 and 12C5
were tested for as they were suspected of being responsible for Fusarium wilt
race 2 resistance. The 12C1and 12C2genes were identified in all cultivars except
for Rossol that did not possess the 12C1 gene. No 12C3 or 12C5 genes were
identified in any cultivars. The 12 gene was only identified in Flora Dade and
Rodade. In three of the cultivars significant relationships could be found between
the 12 resistance alleles and their breeding values.
Afrikaans: Ondersoek is ingestel na sekere aspekte met betrekking tot Fusarium wilt ras 2 weerstand in tamaties. Fusarium wilt word veroorsaak deur die fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici. Die klassifikasie en lewenssiklus van Fusarium wilt, die simtome, siekte ontwikkeling en gasheer interaksie is ondersoek. Verskeie metodes van siekte beheer is ondersoek met spesiale nadruk op genetiese beheer. Twaalf ingeteelde tamatie kultivars beskikbaar in Suid Afrika is ondersoek vir weerstand teen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici ras 2. Die persentasie weerstandbiedende plante, en tempo van siekte ontwikkeling is gemonitor met tydsintervalle van 30 en 60 dae onderskeidelik. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen die kultivars vir persentasie weerstandbiedende plante en siekte ontwikkeling oor beide tydsintervalle. Vyf kultivars, Flora Dade , Rodade, Heinz 1370, Traffic Jam en Sixpack word geassosieer met weerstandbiedenheid na 60 dae, terwyl Rossol, Oxheart, Red Kaki en Roma hoogs vatbaar is vir verwelkingsiekte na 60 dae. Die kultivar x dag interaksie was betekenisvol vir persentasie bestande plante. Fusarium wilt bestandheid is in ses ingeteelde tamatie lyne ondersoek, nl. Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade en Heinz 1370 sowel as hul F1-basters. Die persentasie weerstandbiedende saailinge vir elke kultivar en F1-basters is bepaal na 30 en 60 dae. Siekte ontwikkeling is bereken. Variansie analise toon n betekenisvolle genotipe x dag interaksie vir Fusarium wilt. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen inskrywings na 30 en 60 dae vir die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling. Die beste Fusarium wilt weerstandbiedenheid is gevind in die kultivars Moneymaker, Heinz 1370, Rodade en Flora Dade. Moneymaker het die laagste tempo van siekte ontwikkeling getoon. Siekte ontwikkeling in vier van die F1-basters nl. Flo x Mon, Flo x Ros, Rod x Ros en Mon x Ros was minder as 10 persent. Die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling in die F1-basters was betekenisvol laer as by die ingeteelde lyne. Dit beklemtoon die doeltreffendheid van tamatie basters om die voorkoms van Fusarium wilt in tamaties te verlaag. li Studie is gedoen om die kombineervermoeë en die oorerwing van Fusarium wilt weerstand in tamaties te bepaal. Ses ingeteelde tamatie kultivars Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade en Heinz 1370 is gekruis as n dialleelom 15 F1-basters te produseer. Monitering van Fusarium wilt bestandheid en die siekte ontwikkeling is gedoen na 30 en 60 dae. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind vir die GCA- en die SCA-effekte. Die GCA : SCA verhouding vir 30 en 60 dae monitering impliseer beide additiewe en nieadditiewe geen aksies. Die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling is hoofsaaklik beheer deur dominante effekte. Oorerwing in die eng sin vir Fusarium wilt weerstand was onderskeidelik 12% en 8% na 30 en 60 dae. Die kultivar Heinz 1370 het die grootste GCA-effekte getoon, terwyl die kruising Rod x Ross oor die grootste SCA effek gewys. PCR tegnologie met spesifieke DNA merkers en tamatie blaar cDNA is gebruik om ondersoek in te stel na die teenwoordigheid van verskillende enkel gene in die ses tamatie kultivars. Die kultivars het ingesluit Flora Dade, Rodade, Moneymaker, Heinz 1370, Rossol en Red Kaki. Daar is getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van die enkel gene 12C1, 12C2, 12, 12C3 and 12C5 wat verantwoordelik blyk te wees vir Fusarium wilt ras 2 weerstand. Die 12C1en 12C2 gene is geidentifiseer by alle kultivars met die uitsondering van Rossol. Geen 12C3of 12C5gene is nie in die kultivars geidentifiseer nie. Die 12geen was slegs teenwoordig in Flora Dade and Rodade. Slegs in drie gevalle is betekenisvolle assosiasies gevind tussen die (12) weerstands gene van die kultivars en hul kombineervermoeë.
Afrikaans: Ondersoek is ingestel na sekere aspekte met betrekking tot Fusarium wilt ras 2 weerstand in tamaties. Fusarium wilt word veroorsaak deur die fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici. Die klassifikasie en lewenssiklus van Fusarium wilt, die simtome, siekte ontwikkeling en gasheer interaksie is ondersoek. Verskeie metodes van siekte beheer is ondersoek met spesiale nadruk op genetiese beheer. Twaalf ingeteelde tamatie kultivars beskikbaar in Suid Afrika is ondersoek vir weerstand teen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Iycopersici ras 2. Die persentasie weerstandbiedende plante, en tempo van siekte ontwikkeling is gemonitor met tydsintervalle van 30 en 60 dae onderskeidelik. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen die kultivars vir persentasie weerstandbiedende plante en siekte ontwikkeling oor beide tydsintervalle. Vyf kultivars, Flora Dade , Rodade, Heinz 1370, Traffic Jam en Sixpack word geassosieer met weerstandbiedenheid na 60 dae, terwyl Rossol, Oxheart, Red Kaki en Roma hoogs vatbaar is vir verwelkingsiekte na 60 dae. Die kultivar x dag interaksie was betekenisvol vir persentasie bestande plante. Fusarium wilt bestandheid is in ses ingeteelde tamatie lyne ondersoek, nl. Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade en Heinz 1370 sowel as hul F1-basters. Die persentasie weerstandbiedende saailinge vir elke kultivar en F1-basters is bepaal na 30 en 60 dae. Siekte ontwikkeling is bereken. Variansie analise toon n betekenisvolle genotipe x dag interaksie vir Fusarium wilt. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind tussen inskrywings na 30 en 60 dae vir die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling. Die beste Fusarium wilt weerstandbiedenheid is gevind in die kultivars Moneymaker, Heinz 1370, Rodade en Flora Dade. Moneymaker het die laagste tempo van siekte ontwikkeling getoon. Siekte ontwikkeling in vier van die F1-basters nl. Flo x Mon, Flo x Ros, Rod x Ros en Mon x Ros was minder as 10 persent. Die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling in die F1-basters was betekenisvol laer as by die ingeteelde lyne. Dit beklemtoon die doeltreffendheid van tamatie basters om die voorkoms van Fusarium wilt in tamaties te verlaag. li Studie is gedoen om die kombineervermoeë en die oorerwing van Fusarium wilt weerstand in tamaties te bepaal. Ses ingeteelde tamatie kultivars Rossol, Red Kaki, Moneymaker, Rodade, Flora Dade en Heinz 1370 is gekruis as n dialleelom 15 F1-basters te produseer. Monitering van Fusarium wilt bestandheid en die siekte ontwikkeling is gedoen na 30 en 60 dae. Betekenisvolle verskille is gevind vir die GCA- en die SCA-effekte. Die GCA : SCA verhouding vir 30 en 60 dae monitering impliseer beide additiewe en nieadditiewe geen aksies. Die tempo van siekte ontwikkeling is hoofsaaklik beheer deur dominante effekte. Oorerwing in die eng sin vir Fusarium wilt weerstand was onderskeidelik 12% en 8% na 30 en 60 dae. Die kultivar Heinz 1370 het die grootste GCA-effekte getoon, terwyl die kruising Rod x Ross oor die grootste SCA effek gewys. PCR tegnologie met spesifieke DNA merkers en tamatie blaar cDNA is gebruik om ondersoek in te stel na die teenwoordigheid van verskillende enkel gene in die ses tamatie kultivars. Die kultivars het ingesluit Flora Dade, Rodade, Moneymaker, Heinz 1370, Rossol en Red Kaki. Daar is getoets vir die teenwoordigheid van die enkel gene 12C1, 12C2, 12, 12C3 and 12C5 wat verantwoordelik blyk te wees vir Fusarium wilt ras 2 weerstand. Die 12C1en 12C2 gene is geidentifiseer by alle kultivars met die uitsondering van Rossol. Geen 12C3of 12C5gene is nie in die kultivars geidentifiseer nie. Die 12geen was slegs teenwoordig in Flora Dade and Rodade. Slegs in drie gevalle is betekenisvolle assosiasies gevind tussen die (12) weerstands gene van die kultivars en hul kombineervermoeë.
Description
Keywords
Fungal diseases of plants, Tomatoes -- Breeding, Tomatoes -- Disease and pest resistance, Thesis (Ph.D. (Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding))--University of the Free State, 2003